Discovery of color patterned Cranaena(Brachiopoda)from the Lower Carboniferous Huangjin Formation in Guilin of Guangxi with a brief comment on its geologicaland geographic distribution
Chen Zhimin, Sun Yuanlin
Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution,Ministry of Education,School of Earth and Space Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871
Abstract：Cranaena guilinensis is a new species of Cranaena from the lower part of the Huangjin Formation(Visean,Lower Carboniferous)of Guilin,Guangxi.It is characterized by a rectimarginate anterior commisure and a dorsal sulcus.Four specimens of this species show radiate color bands on shell surface,suggesting that it lived in a shallow water of warm marine realm.Preliminary study on the geological and geographic distribution and biodiversity pattern of 70 species of the genus indicates that this genus probably originated in area of the Old World Realm peripheral to the Euramerican Continent of the Early Devonian and experienced two times of radiation and dispersal during the Middle to early Late Devonian and Early Carboniferous,respectively,and a biodiversity crisis in the Famennian of Late Devonian.The genus reached to the zenith of its biodiversity during the Middle to early Late Devonian and its geographic distribution also expanded to plates of Siberia,Kasakstan and South China.Although the biodiversity of the genus in the Early Carboniferous is less than that in the Middle to early Late Devonian,the genus obtained the widest geographic distribution,not only in continents of North Hemisphere,but also in the peripheral areas of the Gondwana Continent.The Famennian crisis is obviously related with the F/F mass extinction event.After the Early Carboniferous the genus began to decline and was finally extincted in the beginning of Permian.
Chen Zhimin,Sun Yuanlin. Discovery of color patterned Cranaena(Brachiopoda)from the Lower Carboniferous Huangjin Formation in Guilin of Guangxi with a brief comment on its geologicaland geographic distribution[J]. JOPC, 2013, 15(6): 795-808.
高金汉,王训练,乔子真.2005.北祁连山东部早石炭世早期腕足动物群落的古地理意义[J].古地理学报,7(4):65-74. 王钰,朱瑞芳.1979.黔南桂中中泥盆世北流期腕足动物[M].北京:科学出版社,106. 宗谱,马学平,孙元林.2012.新疆西准噶尔地区泥盆—石炭系界线附近的腕足动物(长身贝类、无窗贝类及穿孔贝类)[J].古生物学报,51(4):416-435. Baily W H.1875.Figures of Characteristic British Fossils with Descriptive Remarks: Palaeozoic[M].London:John Van Voorst,1-126. Baliński A.2010.First colour-patterned strophomenide brachiopod from the earliest Devonian of Podolia,Ukraine[J].Acta Palaeontologica Polonica,55:695-700. Baranov V V,Blodgett R B.2011.Gonella,a new genus and first color patterned terebratulidine brachiopod from the Lower Devonian of Northeast Asia[J].Bulletin of Geosciences,86(2):269-274. Bassett M G,Bryant C.2006.A Tournaisian brachiopod fauna from South-east Wales[J].Palaeontology,49:485-535. Belanski C H.1928.Terebratulacea of the Devonian of Northern Iowa[M].University of Iowa,Studies in Natural History(Iowa City),12(8):1-29,4 Pls. Bell W A.1929.Horton-Windsor District,Nova Scotia[A].Geological Survey of Canada,Memoir(Ottawa),155:268,36 Pls. Biernat G,Racki G.1986.A rhynchonellid-dominated Late Famennian Brachiopod assemblage from the Holy Cross Mountains(Poland)[J].Acta Palaeontologica Polonica(Warsaw),31(1-2):85-109,35-46 Pls. Blodgett R B,Boucot A J,Ferril B A.1983.A color-banded Beachia(Brachiopoda;Terebratulida)from the Oriskany equivalent(mid-early Devonian)of central Alabama[J].Journal of Paleontology,57:865-869. Blodgett R B,Boucot A J,Koch W F Ⅱ.1988.New occurrences of color patterns in Devonian articulate brachiopods[J].Journal of Paleontology,62:46-51. Boucot A J,Johnson J G,Talent J A.1969.Early Devonian Brachiopod Zoogeography[M].Geological Society of America,Special Papers(Boulder),119:1-113. Brice D.1988.Brachiopodes du Devonien de Ferques (Boulonnais-France)[C]. In:Brice D(ed). Le Devonien de Ferques. Bas-Boulonnais (N.France):Paleontologie-Sedimentologie-Stratigraphie-Tectonique. Biostratigraphie du Paleozoique(Lyon),7:323-395,40-45 Pls. Brice D.2003.Brachiopod assemblages in the Devonian of Ferques(Boulonnais,France): Relations to palaeoenvironments and global eustatic curves[J].Bulletin of Geosciences,78(4):405-417. Bridge J.1917.A study of the faunas of the residual Mississippian of Phelps County(Central Ozark Region),Missouri[J].Journal of Geology(Chicago),25(6):558-575. Bublichenko N L.1974.Brakhiopody srednego i verkhnego devona Rudnogo Altaia.(The Middle and Upper Devonian Brachiopoda of the Rudny Altai.)[M].Alma-Ata:Nauka,145,11 Pls. Calvin S.1890.Some new species of Paleozoic fossils[J].Bulletin from the Laboratories of Natural History of the State University of Iowa,1:173-181. Campbell K S W,Engel B A.1963.The faunas of the Tournaisian Tulcumba Sandstone and its members in the Werrie and Belvue Synclines,New South Wales[J].Geological Society of Australia,Journal(Sydney),10(1):55-122,9 Pls. Carter J L.1967.Mississippian brachiopods from the Chappel Limestone of central Texas[J].Bulletins of American Paleontology(Ithaca),53(238):251-450,13-45 Pls. Carter J L.1968.New genera and species of Early Mississippian brachiopods from the Burlington Limestone[J].Journal of Paleontology(Lawrence),42(5):1140-1152,4 Pls. Carter J L.1987.Lower Carboniferous Brachiopods from the Banff Formation of Western Alberta[A]. Geological Survey of Canada,Bulletin(Ottawa),378:183,29 Pls. Carter J L.1999.Tournaisian(Early Osagean)brachiopods from a bioherm in the St Joe Formation near Kenwood,Oklahoma[J].Annals of Carnegie Museum,68:91-149. Carter J L,Poletaev V I.1998.Atokan(late Bashkirian or early Moscovian)brachiopods from the Hare Fiord Formation of Ellesmere Island,Canadian Arctic Archipelago[J].Annals of Carnegie Museum,67:105-180. Clarke J M.1907.Some new Devonic fossils[J].New York State Museum of Natural History,Bulletin(Albany),12(107):153-291. Cloud P E JR.1941.Color-pattern in Devonian terebratuloids[J].American Journal of Science,239:905-907. Cloud P E JR.1942.Terebratuloid Brachiopoda of the Silurian and Devonian[A].Geological Society of America,Special Papers(Boulder),38:1-182,1-26 Pls. Cooper G A,Cloud P E.1938.New Devonian fossils from Calhoun County,Illinois[J].Journal of Paleontology,12:411-460. Cusack M,Curry G B,Clegg H, et al.1992.An intracrystalline chromoprotein from red brachiopod shells: Implications for the process of biomineralization[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology(B),102(1):93-95. Czarniecki S.1969.Sedimentary environment and stratigraphical position of the Treskelodden Beds(Vestspitsbergen)[J].Prace Muzeum Ziemi(Warsaw),16:201-336,16 Pls. Davidson T.1857.A Monograph of British Carboniferous Brachiopoda[A].Palaeontographical Society,2:1-48. Day J.1988.The brachiopod succession of the Late Givetian-Frasnian of Iowa[C].In: McMillan N J,Embry A F,Glass D J(eds).Devonian of the World,Volume Ⅲ.Calgary,Alberta,Canada:Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists,303-325. Easton W H.1962.Carboniferous formations and faunas of central Montana[J].United States Geological Survey Professional Paper(Washington D C),348:126,13 Pls. Fagerstrom J A.1961.The fauna of the Middle Devonian Formosa reef limestone of southwestern Ontario[J].Journal of Paleontology(Lawrence),35(1):1-48,14 Pls. Fagerstrom J A.1971.Brachiopods of the Detroit River Group(Devonian)from Southwestern Ontario and Adjacent Areas of Michigan and Ohio[A].Geological Survey of Canada,Bulletin(Ottawa),204:1-113. Foerste A F.1930.The colour patterns of fossil cephalopods and brachiopods,with notes on gasteropods and pelecypods[J].Museum of Paleontology,University of Michigan Contributions,3(3):109-150. Gaetani M.1968.The geology of the Upper Djadjerud and Lar Valleys(North Iran)Ⅱ.Palaeontology.Lower Carboniferous brachiopods from central Elburz,Iran[J].Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia(Milan),74(3):665-744,47-52 Pls. Girty G H.1928.The pocono fauna of the Broad Top Coal Field[J].Pennsylvania.United States Geological Survey Professional Paper(Washington,DC),150-E:111-127,2 Pls. Grabau A W.1902.The traverse group of Michigan[J].Contributions from the Geology Department of Columbia University,10(82):163-210. Griesemer A D.1965.Middle Devonian brachiopods of southeastern Wisconsin[J].Ohio Journal of Science(Columbus),65(5):241-295,6 Pls. Halamski A T,Baliński A.2009.Latest Famennian brachiopods from Kowala,Holy Cross Mountains,Poland[J].Acta Palaeontologica Polonica,54(2):289-306. Hall J.1860.Descriptions of new species of fossils from the Hamilton Group of western New York,with notices of others from the same horizon in Iowa and Indiana[J].New York State Cabinet of Natural History,Annual Report(Albany),13:76-94. Hall J.1863.Observations upon some of the Brachiopoda,with references to the characters of the genera,Cryptonella,Centronella,Meristella,Trematospira,Rhynchospira,Retzia,Leptocoelia,and allied forms[J].New York State Cabinet of Natural History,Annual Report(Albany),16:38-59. Hall J.1867.On the genera Terebratula,Centronella,Cryptonella,etc[R].New York State Cabinet of Natural History,Annual Report(Albany),20:279. Hall J,Clarke J M.1893-1895.An Introduction to the Study of the Genera of Palaeozoic Brachiopoda[A].New York Geological Survey(Albany),8(2):1-317(1893),319-394(1895),21-84 Pls. Hall J,Whitfield R P.1873.Descriptions of New Species of Fossils from the Devonian Rocks of Iowa[R].New York State Cabinet of Natural History,Annual Report(Albany),23:223-243,9-14 Pls. Hance L,Hou H F,Vachard D.2011.Upper Famennian to Visean Foraminifers and Some Carbonate Microproblematica from South China-Hunan,Guangxi and Guizhou[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1-359. Herrick C L.1888.Geology of licking county.Part IV[J].Denison University,Scientific Laboratories,Bulletin(Granville),4(1):11-60. Hoare R D,Sturgeon M T.1979.Color retention in the brachiopod Chonetinella jeffordsi Stevens[J].Journal of Paleontology,39:728-729. Ivaniya V A,Kraevskaya L N.1955.Brakhiopody verkhnego devona.(Brachiopods of the Upper Devonian.)[C].In: Khalfina L L, et al.(eds).Atlas Rukovodiashchikh Form Iskopaemykh Fauny i Flory Zapadnoi Sibiri.(Atlas of the Leading Fossil Forms of the Fauna and Flora of W.Siberia.).Moscow:Gosgeoltekhizdat,1:261-272. Johnson J G,Perry D G.1976.Middle Devonian Brachiopods from the Bird Fiord Formation of Bathurst Island,Arctic Canada[J].Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences(Ottawa),13(5):615-635,4 Pls. Kalashnikov N V.1968.Ob okraske rakovin iskopaemykh brakhiopod.(Shell Color of Fossil Brachiopods.)[J].Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal(Moscow),2:129-132,1 Pls. Kalashnikov N V.1980.Brakhiopody Verkhnego Paleozoia Evropeiskogo Severa SSSR.(Brachiopods of the Upper Paleozoic of the European North of the USSR.)[M].Leningrad:Nauka,136,39 Pls. Kobluk D R,Mapes R H.1989.The fossil record,function,and possible origins of shell color patterns in Paleozoic marine invertebrates[J].Palaios,4(1):63-85. Kraevskaya L N.1936.Materialy kizucheniiu devonskikh otlozhenii Chinguzskogo raiona.(Materials to the Study of Devonian Sediments of the Chienguiss District.)[J].Materialy po Geologii Zapadno-Sibirskogo Kraia(Novosibirsk),35:55-88,1-5 Pls. Lane B O.1962.The fauna of the Ely Group in the Illipah Area of Nevada[J].Journal of Paleontology(Lawrence),36(5):888-911,4 Pls. Lee D E,Mackinnon D I.2006.Introduction[C].In:Williams A,Brunton C H C,Carlson S J(eds).Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology,Part H Brachiopoda Revised,Volume 5.The Geological Society of America,Inc.and the University of Kansas,Boulder,Colorado,and Lawrence,Kansas:1965-1973. Levy R,Nullo F E.1970.Terebratulidos Devonicos de Argentina.1.Cranaenay Scaphiocoelia[J].Ameghiniana(Buenos Aires),7:264-274,14 Pls. Li R Y,Jones B.2003.Middle Devonian brachiopods from the Bird Fiord Formation,Arctic Canada[J].Journal of Paleontology,77:243-266. Li R Y,Jones B.2007.Brachiopods from the Bird Fiord Formation(Devonian)of Arctic Canada[J].Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences,44:1291-1311. Maliva R G.1984.Paleoecology and Sedimentology of the Rockford Limestone and Upper New Albany Shale(Lower Mississippian)in Southern Indiana[D].Indiana University:1-185. McCammon H M.1960.Fauna of the Manitoba Group in Manitoba[J].Manitoba Department of Mines and Natural Resources,Publication,59(6):3-109,13 Pls. Melo J H G.1988.The Malvinokaffric realm in the Devonian of Brazil[C].In:McMillan N J,Embry A F,Glass D J(eds).Devonian of the World,Volume Ⅰ.Calgary,Alberta,Canada:Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists,669-703. Miller S A.1891.Advance sheets from the 17th report of the geological survey of Indiana[J].Paleontology,1892:103,20 Pls. Modzalevskaya T L.2007.The earliest terebratulids[J].Palaeontology,50:869-882. Moore R C.1928.Early Mississippian Formations in Missouri[R].Rolla:Missouri Bureau of Geology and Mines,2(21):1-283,10-12 Pls. Morningstar H.1922.Pottsville Fauna of Ohio[M].Columbus:Geological Survey of Ohio,Bulletin,ser. 4,25:1-312,16 Pls. Nicol D.1967.Some characteristics of cold-water marine pelecypods[J].Journal of Paleontology,41:1330-1340. Nitecki M H,Sadlick W.1968.Notable color pattern in a fossil brachiopod[J].Journal of Paleontology(Lawrence),42(2):403-405. Norris A W.1964.Brachiopods and Other Fossils of the Devonian Horn Plateau Formation[A].In:McLaren D J,Norris A W(eds).Fauna of the Devonian Horn Plateau Formation,District of Mackenzie.Geological Survey of Canada,Bulletin(Ottawa),114:29-74,5 Pls. Norris A W,Uyeno T T.1981.Lower Devonian(Lochkovian)Brachiopods and Conodonts from the ‘Delorme’ Formation,Cathedral Mountain,Southwestern District of Mackenzie[A].Geological Survey of Canada,Bulletin(Ottawa),305:34,5 Pls. Roberts J.1971.Devonian and Carboniferous Brachiopods from the Bonaparte Gulf Basin,Northwestern Australia[A].Bureau of Mineral Resources(BMR)Bulletin of Australian Geology and Geophysics(Canberra),122:1-319,59 Pls. Sanford B V,Norris A W.1975.Devonian Stratigraphy of the Hudson Platform.Part I:Stratigraphy and Economic Geology[A].Geological Survey of Canada, Memoir,379(1):1-124. Savage T E.1921.New Species of Devonian Fossils from Western Illinois[J].Illinois State Academy of Science,Transactions(Springfield),14:197-206,2 Pls. Schuchert C.1897.A Synopsis of American Fossil Brachiopoda,Including Bibliography and Synonymy[A].United States Geological Survey Bulletin(Reston),87:1-464. Simorin A M.1956.Stratigrafiia i brakhiopody Karagandinskogo Basseina.(Stratigraphy and Brachiopods of the Karagandinsk Basin.)[A].Alma-Ata:Izd-vo Akad.Nauk Kazakhstan SSR.296,27 Pls. Stainbrook M A.1935.A Devonian fauna from the Sacramen to Mountains near Alamogordo,New Mexico[J].Journal of Paleontology(Lawrence),9(8):709-714. Stainbrook M A.1941.Terebratulacea of the Cedar Valley Beds of Iowa[J].Journal of Paleontology(Lawrence),15(1):42-55,7-8 Pls. Stainbrook M A.1945.Brachiopoda of the Independence Shale of Iowa[A]. Geological Society of America,Memoir(Boulder),14:1-74,6 Pls. Stainbrook M A.1950.The fauna and correlation of the McCraney limestone of Iowa and Illinois[J].American Journal of Science(New Haven),248(3):194-213. Stainbrook M A,Ladd H S.1924.The fauna of the State Quarry Beds[A].Iowa Academy of Sciences,Proceedings(Des Moines),31:353-361,1 Pls. Stevens C H.1965.Color retention in the brachiopod chonetinella jeffordsi Stevens[J].Journal of Paleontology(Lawrence),39(4):728-729. Stumm E C.1942.Fauna and stratigraphic relations of the Prout limestone and plum brook shale of northern Ohio[J].Journal of Paleontology(Lawrence),16(5):549-563,80-84 Pls. Sun Y L,Balinski A.2011.Silicified Mississippian brachiopods from Muhua,southern China:Rhynchonellides,athyridides,spiriferides,spiriferinides,and terebratulides[J].Acta Palaeontologica Polonica,56(4):793-842. Sun Y L,Boucot A J,Blodgett R B, et al.1999.Color pattern on a martiniid brachiopod from South China[J].Journal of Paleontology,73(5):973-976. Tuftin S E.1984.Color pattern of a late Devonian brachiopod[J].Fossils Quarterly,3:10-13. Wang J D,Li H M.1998.Paleo-latitude variation of Guizhou terrain from Devonian to Cretaceous[J].Chinese Journal of Geochemistry,17(4):356-361. Weller S.1914.The Mississippian Brachiopoda of the Mississippi Valley Basin[A].Geological Survey of Illinois,Monograph(Urbana),1:1-508,83 Pls. Willard B.1936.The Onondaga Formation in Pennsylvania[J].Journal of Geology(Chicago),44(5):578-603. Winchell A.1865.Descriptions of new species of fossils,from the Marshall group of Michigan,and its supposed equivalent,in other States;with notes on some fossils of the same age previously described[J].Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,Proceedings,2(17):109-133. Xu H,Yao Z.1988.Brachiopoda[M].In:Yu C M(ed).Devonian-Carboniferous Boundary in Nanbiancun,Guilin,China: Aspects and Records.Beijing:Science Press,263-326.
