Shale reservoir diagenesis and its impacts on pores of the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in southeastern Chongqing
Zhao Difei1, 2, Guo Yinghai1, 2, Yang Yujuan1, 2, Wang Shouyu1, 2, Mao Xiaoxiao1, Li Mi1, 2
1 School of Resources and Earth Science,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,Jiangsu; 2 Key Laboratory of Coalbed Methane Resources and Reservoir Formation Process,the Ministry of Education,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221008,Jiangsu
Abstract：Taking shale samples of the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation from Qijiang,Nanchuan and Fuling Areas as an example,the mineral compositions,organic characteristics,pore characteristics and reservoir diagenesis were studied by XRD,mercury intrusion,field emission scanning electron microscopy,TOC test,RO test and low temperature nitrogen adsorption, etc. The results show that the reservoir diagenesis of the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation includes mechanical compaction,chemical compaction,dissolution,metasomatism,regmagenesis,mineral transformation,etc.; the diagenetic phase lies between late diagenesis and low-grade metamorphism; reservoir diagenesis show great impaction on porosity,permeability,formation mechanism,pore size distribution,heterogeneity and morphological characteristics. Mechanical/chemical compaction,dissolution,the evolution of organic matter and mineral transformation during the process had great influence on pores’ development and the reservoir diagenesis were divided into two types as constructive diagenesis(dissolution,etc.) and destructive diagenesis(compaction,etc.) by matching the process of reservoir diagenesis with the development of pores.
Zhao Difei,Guo Yinghai,Yang Yujuan et al. Shale reservoir diagenesis and its impacts on pores of the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in southeastern Chongqing[J]. JOPC, 2016, 18(5): 843-856.
[1] 陈尚斌,朱炎铭,王红岩,刘洪林,魏伟,罗跃,李伍,方俊华. 2010. 中国页岩气研究现状与发展趋势. 石油学报, 31(4): 689-694. [Chen S B,Zhu Y M,Wang H Y,Liu H L,Wei W,Luo Y,Li W,Fang J H. 2010. Research status and trends of shale gas in China. Acta Petrolei Sinica,31(4): 689-694] [2] 郭旭升,李宇平,刘若冰,王庆波. 2014. 四川盆地焦石坝地区龙马溪组页岩微观孔隙结构特征及其控制因素. 天然气工业,34(6): 9-16. [Guo X S,Li Y P,Liu R B,Wang Q B. 2014. Characteristics and controlling factors of micro-pore structures of Longmaxi Shale Play in the Jiaoshiba area,Sichuan Basin. Natural Gas Industry,34(6): 9-16] [3] 郭英海,李壮福,李大华,张天模,汪泽成,余继峰,奚砚涛. 2004. 四川地区早志留世岩相古地理. 古地理学报,6(1): 20-29. [Guo Y H,Li Z F,Li D H,Zhang T M,Wang Z C,Yu J F,Xi Y T. 2004. Lithofacies palaeogeography of the Early Silurian in Sichuan area. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition),6(1): 20-29] [4] 郭英海,赵迪斐. 2015. 微观尺度海相页岩气储层微观非均质性研究. 中国矿业大学学报,44(2): 250-257. [Guo Y H,Zhao D F. 2015. Analysis of micro-scale heterogeneity characteristics in marine shale gas reservoir. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology,44(2): 250-257] [5] 黄家国,郭少斌,刘新社,赵会涛,侯云东,王怀厂. 2014. 鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界泥页岩热模拟实验. 世界地质,33(2): 465-470. [Huang J G,Guo S B,Liu X S,Zhao H T,Hou Y D,Wang H C. 2014. Thermal simulation experiment of Late Paleozoic shale in Ordos Basin. Global Geology,33(2): 465-470] [6] 胡海燕. 2013. 富有机质Woodford页岩孔隙演化的热模拟实验. 石油学报,34(5): 820-825. [Hu H Y. 2013. Porosity evolution of the organic-rich shale with thermal maturity increasing. Acta Petrolei Sinica,34(5): 820-825] [7] 李娟,于炳松,刘策,孙梦迪. 2012. 渝东南地区黑色页岩中黏土矿物特征兼论其对储层物性的影响:以彭水县鹿角剖面为例. 现代地质,26(4): 732-740. [Li J,Yu B S,Liu C,Sun M D. 2012. Clay minerals of black shale and their effects on physical properties of shale gas reservoirs in the southeast of Chongqing: A case study from Lujiao Outcrop section in Pengshui,Chongqing. Geoscience,26(4): 732-740] [8] 李庆辉,陈勉,金衍,侯冰,张保卫. 2012. 页岩脆性的室内评价方法及改进. 岩石力学与工程学报,31(8): 1680-1685. [Li Q H,Chen M,Jin Y,Hou B,Zhang B W. 2012. Indoor evaluation method for shale brittleness and improvement. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineer,31(8): 1680-1685] [9] 李庆辉,陈勉,金衍,侯冰,张家振. 2012. 页岩气储层岩石力学特性及脆性评价. 石油钻探技术,60(4): 17-22. [Li Q H,Chen M,Jin Y,Hou B,Zhang J Z. 2012. Rock mechanical properties and brittleness evaluation of shale gas reservoir. Petroleum Drilling Techniques,60(4): 17-22] [10] 刘德华,肖佳林,关富佳. 2011. 页岩气开发技术现状及研究方向. 石油天然气学报,33(1): 119-123,169. [Liu D H,Xiao J L,Guan F J. 2011. Current situation and research direction of shale gas development. Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,33(1): 119-123,169] [11] 刘树根,马文辛,LUBA Jansa,黄文明,曾祥亮,张长俊. 2011. 四川盆地东部地区下志留统龙马溪组页岩储层特征. 岩石学报,27(8): 2239-2252. [Liu S G,Ma W X,LUBA Jansa,Huang W M,Zeng X L,Zhang C J. 2011. Characteristics of the shale gas reservoir rocks in the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation,East Sichuan basin,China. Acta Petrologica Sinica,27(8): 2239-2252] [12] 龙鹏宇,张金川,姜文利,聂海宽,唐玄,韩双彪,邢雅文. 2012. 渝页1井储层孔隙发育特征及其影响因素分析. 中南大学学报(自然科学版),43(10): 3954-3963. [Long P Y,Zhang J C,Jiang W L,Nie H K,Tang X,Han S B,Xing Y W. 2012. Analysis on pores forming features and its influence factors of reservoir well Yuye-1. Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),43(10): 3954-3963] [13] 孟召平,刘翠丽,纪懿明. 2013. 煤层气/页岩气开发地质条件及其对比分析. 煤炭学报,38(5): 728-736. [Meng Z P,Liu C L,Ji Y M. 2013. Geological conditions of coalbed methane and shale gas exploitationand their comparison analysis. Journal of China Coal Society,38(5): 728-736] [14] 聂海宽,张金川,李玉喜. 2011. 四川盆地及其周缘下寒武统页岩气聚集条件. 石油学报,32(6): 959-967. [Nei H K,Zhang J C,Li Y X. 2011. Accumulation conditions of the Lower Cambrian shale gas in the Sichuan Basin and its periphery. Acta Petrolei Sinica,32(6): 959-967] [15] 蒲泊伶. 2008. 四川盆地页岩气成藏条件分析. 中国石油大学(华东)硕士学位论文. [Pu B L. 2008. Analysis of the Reservoir-Forming Conditions of Shale Gas Potential in Sichuan Basin. Master’s degree thesis of China University of Petroleum(East China)] [16] 蒲泊伶,董大忠,牛嘉玉,王玉满,黄金亮. 2014. 页岩气储层研究新进展. 地质科技情报,33(2): 98-104. [Pu B L,Dong D Z,Niu J Y,Wang Y M,Huang J L. 2014. Principle progresses in shale gas reservoir research. Geological Science and Technology Information,33(2): 98-104] [17] 汤庆艳,张铭杰,余明,张同伟,刘金钟,张茂超. 2013. 页岩气形成机制的生烃热模拟研究. 煤炭学报,38(5): 742-747. [Tang Q Y,Zhang M J,Yu M,Zhang T W,Liu J Z,Zhang M C. 2013. Pyrolysis constraints on the generation mechanism of shale gas. Journal of China Coal Society,38(5): 742-747] [18] 王亮,陈云燕,刘玉霞. 2014. 川东南彭水地区龙马溪组页岩孔隙结构特征. 中国石油勘探,19(5): 80-88. [Wang L,Chen Y Y,Liu Y X. 2014. Shale porous structural characteristics of Longmaxi Formation in Pengshui Area of Southeast Sichuan Basin. China Petroleum Exploration,19(5): 80-88] [19] 魏祥峰,刘若冰,张廷山,梁兴. 2013. 页岩气储层微观孔隙结构特征及发育控制因素:以川南—黔北XX地区龙马溪组为例. 天然气地球科学,24(5): 1048-1059. [Wei X F,Liu R B,Zhang T S,Liang X. 2013. Micro-pores structure characteristics and development control factors of shale gas reservoir:A case of Longmaxi Formation in XX area of southern Sichuan and northern Guizhou. Natural Gas Geoscience,24(5): 1048-1059] [20] 薛莲花,杨巍,仲佳爱,徐勇,陈国俊. 2015. 富有机质页岩生烃阶段孔隙演化:来自鄂尔多斯延长组地质条件约束下的热模拟实验证据. 地质学报,89(5): 970-978. [Xue L H,Yang W,Zhong J A,Xu Y,Chen G J. 2015. Porous evolution of the organic-rich shale from simulated experiment with geological constrains,samples from Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin. Acta Geologica Sinica,89(5): 970-978] [21] 杨飞,叶建中. 2011. 川东南—湘鄂西地区构造特征与页岩气勘探潜力. 武汉:中国地质大学出版社. [Yang F,Ye J Z. 2011. The Structure Characteristics and the Shale Gas Exploration Potential of Southeast Sichuan and West of Hunan and Hubei. Wuhan:China university of geosciences press] [22] 于炳松. 2012. 页岩气储层的特殊性及其评价思路和内容. 地学前缘,19(3): 252-259. [Yu B S. 2012. Particularity of shale gas reservoir and its evaluation.Earth Science Frontiers,19(3): 252-259] [23] 应凤祥,罗平,何东博. 2004. 中国含油气盆地碎屑岩储集层成岩作用与成岩数值模拟. 北京: 石油工业出版社,62-66. [Ying F X,Luo P,He D B. 2004. Clastic Reservoir Diagenesis and Diagenetic Numerical Simulation of China’s Oil and Gas Basin. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press,62-66] [24] 张金川,薛会,张德明,蒲军. 2003. 页岩气及其成藏机理. 现代地质,17(4): 466-466. [Zhang J C,Xue H,Zhang D M,Pu J. 2003. Shale gas and its accumulation mechnism. Geoscience,17(4): 466-466] [25] 张正顺,胡沛青,沈娟,饶万祥,李万茂. 2013. 四川盆地志留系龙马溪组页岩矿物组成与有机质赋存状态. 煤炭学报,38(5): 766-771. [Zhang Z S,Hu P Q,Shen J,Rao W X,Li W M. 2013. Mineral compositions and organic matter occurrence modes of Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation of Sichuan Basin. Journal of China Coal Society,38(5): 766-771] [26] 张寒,朱炎铭,夏筱红,胡琳,陈洁. 2013. 页岩中有机质与黏土矿物对甲烷吸附能力的探讨. 煤炭学报,38(5): 812-816. [Zhang H,Zhu Y M,Xia X H,Hu L,Chen J. 2013. Comparison and explanation of the absorptivity of organic matters and clay minerals in shales. Journal of China Coal Society,38(5): 812-816] [27] 张海全,许效松,刘伟,门玉澎. 2013. 中上扬子地区晚奥陶世—早志留世岩相古地理演化与黑色页岩的关系. 沉积与特提斯地质,33(2): 17-24. [Zhang H Q,Xu X S,Liu W,Men Y P. 2013. Late Ordovican-Early Silurian sedimentary facies and palaeogeographic evolution and its bearings on the black shales in the Middle-Upper Yangtze area. Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology,33(2):17-24] [28] 张春明,张维生,郭英海. 2012. 川东南—黔北地区龙马溪组沉积环境及对烃源岩的影响. 地学前缘,19(1): 136-145. [Zhang C M,Zhang W S,Guo Y H. 2012. Sedimentary environment and its effect on hydrocarbon source rocks of Longmaxi Formation in southeast Sichuan and northern Guizhou. Earth Science Frontiers,19(1): 136-145] [29] 张长江,潘文蕾,刘光祥,管宏林. 2008. 中国南方志留系泥质岩盖层动态评价研究. 天然气地球科学,19(3): 301-310. [Zhang C J,Pan W L,Liu G X,Guan H L. 2008. Dynamic evaluation to the cap formation of Silurian Argillaceous Rock,Southern China. Natural Gas Geoscience,19(3): 301-310] [30] 赵迪斐,解德录,臧俊超,梁文鹏,李利格. 2014. 页岩储层矿物成分及相关讨论. 煤炭技术,33(4): 92-95. [Zhao D F,Xie D L,Zang J C,Liang W P,Li L G. 2014. Mineral compositions of shale reservoirs and related discussions. Coal Technology,33(4): 92-95] [31] 赵斌,王芝银,伍锦鹏. 2013. 矿物成分和细观结构与岩石材料力学性质的关系. 煤田地质与勘探,43(3): 59-63,67. [Zhao B,Wang Z Y,Wu J P. 2013. Relation between mineralogical composition and microstructure to the mechanical properties of rock materials. Coal Geology & Exploration,43(3): 59-63,67] [32] 钟宁宁,秦勇. 1995. 碳酸盐岩有机岩石学:显微组分特征、成因、演化及其与油气关系. 北京:科学出版社. [Zhong N N,Qin Y. 1995. Carbonate Organic Petrology:Maceral Characteristics,Origin,Evolution and Its Relationship with Oil and Gas. Beijing:Science press] [33] 朱传庆,田云涛,徐明,饶松,袁玉松,赵永庆,胡圣标. 2010. 峨眉山超级地幔柱对四川盆地烃源岩演化的影响. 地球物理学报,53(1): 119-127. [Zhu C Q,Tian Y T,Xu M,Rao S,Yuan Y S,Zhao Y Q,Hu S B. 2010. The effect of Emeishan supper mantle plume to the thermal evolution of source rocks in the Sichuan basin. Chinese Journal of Geoph,53(1): 119-127] [34] Bernard S,Horsfield B,Schulz H M,Wirth R,Schreiber A,Sherwood Neil. 2012. Geochemical evolution of organic-rich shales with increasing maturity:A STXM and TEM study of the Posidonia Shale(Lower Toarcian,northern Germany). Marine and Petroleum Geology,31(1): 70-89. [35] Connell-Madore S,Katsube T J. 2006. Pore-size-distribution characteristics of Beaufort-Mackenzie Basin shale samples,Northwest Territories. Madore. [36] Elgmati M. 2011. Shale gas rock characterization and 3D submicron pore network recon struction. Rolla: Missouri University of Science and Technology. [37] Fairbridge R W. 1967. Phases of diagenesis and anthigensis in Diagenesis in sediments. Elsevier,19-89. [38] Loucks R G,Reed R M,Ruppel S C,Jarvie,DM. 2009. Morphology,genesis,and distribution of nanometer-scale pores in siliceous mudstones of the Mississippian Barnett Shale. Journal of Sedimentary Research,79(12): 848-861. [39] Robert G L,Robert MR,Stephen C R,Ursula H. 2012. Spectrum of pore types and networks in mudrocks and a descriptive classification for matrix-related mudrock pores. AAPG Bulletin,90(6): 1071-1098. [40] Guo Y H,Li Z F. 2004. Palaeogeography of the Early Silurian in Sichuan Area. Mining Science and Technology. Netherlands: A.A. Balkema,Holland,299-302.
