Origin and geological significance of sedimentary exhalative rocks with “porphyritic”structures in the Middle Permian Pingdiquan Formation,eastern Junggar Basin
Li Hong1, Liu Yiqun1, Zhang Lixia2, Zhou Xin1, Niu Yuanzhe1, Li Xu1, Liu Yongjie1
1 State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi ; 2 Zhundong Production Plant,Xinjiang Oilfield Company Ltd.,PetroChina,Fukang 831511, Xinjiang
Abstract：The Middle Permian Pingdiquan Formation which contains the most important source rocks and hydrocarbon reservoirs in eastern Junggar Basin,a continental rift basin in late Paleozoic, is characterized by interbeded layers of lacustrine sandstones,mudstones,limestones,dolostones,tuffs,and their mixtures with various proportions. One type of special sedimentary rocks was found in Pingdiquan black mudstones and dark grey microcrystalline dolostones in Zhangbei fault-fold zone,Shishugou sag,and Jimsar sag. They are composed of “phenocryst”and “matrix”,which is similar to volcanic “porphyritic”structures. The “phenocrysts”are usually coarse calcite,dolomite,pyrite,and analcime,while the “matrix”is mainly consisted of argillaceous sediments or microcrystalline dolomite,rich in organic matter,with micro-horizontal laminae and small deformation beddings. The “phenocrysts”can be single carbonate mineral and its aggregations or multiple mineral assemblages. “Phenocryst”calcite shows zonal texture under cathode luminescence and back scatter scanning,but “phenocryst”dolomite does not have zonal texture. Analysis of EMPA reveals that “porphyritic”calcite has features of low content of magnesium and iron,and heterogeneous distribution of strontium. Compared with “matrix” microcrystalline dolomite(FeO 1.027%),“porphyritic”dolomite contains higher iron with FeO content ranging from 7.272% to 11.086%. The average homogenization temperature value of fluid inclusions in “porphyritic”calcite is 180.68,℃,lower than that of “porphyritic”dolomite with average value of 320.95,℃. The structures,textures of “phenocrysts”and their geochemical features indicate that the “porphyritic”dolostones and “porphyritic”mudstones were formed by sedimentary hydrothermal exhalation in deep lake environment in the Middle Permian Pingdiquan stage. Lake water penetrated deeply to subsurface along the fractures,heated by underlying strata or magma chamber,exchanged the soluble ions from host rocks,and then circulated upward with the ions. Once the rising hydrothermal fluid was oversaturated,the minerals such as dolomite,calcite,pyrite or analcime would crystallize. They were uplifted by the hydrothermal fluids and finally were broken and exhaled into the fine grained sediments of lake floor. The “porphyritic”dolostones and mudstones in Pingdiquan Formation play an important role to explore the origins of hydrocarbons in research area and also are helpful to better understand the hydrothermal exhalative activities widely distributed in the Middle Permian in North Xingjiang.
Li Hong,Liu Yiqun,Zhang Lixia et al. Origin and geological significance of sedimentary exhalative rocks with “porphyritic”structures in the Middle Permian Pingdiquan Formation,eastern Junggar Basin[J]. JOPC, 2017, 19(2): 211-226.
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