Spatial-temporal distribution of lacustrine carbonate rocks in China and their carbon and oxygen isotopic characteristics
Su Ling1, 2, 3, Zhu Rukai1, 2, 3, Cui Jingwei1, 2, 3, Wu Songtao1, 2, 3, Luo Zhong1, 2, 3, Mao Zhiguo1, 2, 3, Li Sen1
1 PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development,Beijing 100083; 2 CNPC Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoirs,Beijing 100083; 3 National Research Center of Tight Oil,Beijing 100083
Abstract：Lacustrine carbonate rocks have various occurrences. They commonly occur as the interbeds in clastic rocks with characteristics of multi-layers,thin individual layer and rhythm. Occasionally,they occur in mudstone and shale as thin layers of concretions or calcareous microfossils. Controlled by tectonic background,provenance and palaeoenvironment,the lacustrine carbonate rocks in China show wide spatial-temporal distribution,which were firstly reported in the Permian,but mainly found in the Paleogene. Based on carbonate and oxygen isotope analysis,different water environments during primary deposition and diagenetic process are concluded: (1)Well-related δ13C and δ18O with mostly positive δ13C values,indicating a closed saltwater or semi-saltwater lake environment;(2)Completely-unrelated δ13C and δ18O values with mostly negative δ13C values,indicating an open lake environment;(3)Seriously-positive δ13C values,indicating that during diagenesis,the environment was affected by the methane generation process,which was participated by archaebacteria.
Su Ling,Zhu Rukai,Cui Jingwei et al. Spatial-temporal distribution of lacustrine carbonate rocks in China and their carbon and oxygen isotopic characteristics[J]. JOPC, 2017, 19(6): 1063-1074.
[1] 陈登辉,巩恩普,梁俊红,陈晓红. 2011. 辽西上白垩统义县组湖相碳酸盐岩碳氧稳定同位素组成及其沉积环境. 地质学报,85(6): 987-992. [Chen D H,Gong E P,Liang J H,Chen X H. 2011. The carbon and oxygen stable isotopic compositions and sedimentary environment of the lacustrine carbonate from the Upper Cretaceous Yixian Formation,western Liaoning,NE China. Acta Geologica Sinica,85(6): 987-992] [2] 戴朝成,郑荣才,文华国,雷光明,谢春红. 2008. 辽东湾盆地沙河街组湖相白云岩成因研究. 成都理工大学学报: 自然科学版,35(2): 187-192. [Dai Z C,Zheng R C,Wen H G,Lei G M,Xie C H. 2008. Origin of lacustrine dolomite in the Paleogene Shahejie Formation of Liaodongwan Basin,China. Journal of Chendu University of Technology: Science & Technology Edition,35(2): 187-192] [3] 郭强,钟大康,张放东,刘新刚,范凌霄,李君军. 2012. 内蒙古二连盆地白音查干凹陷下白垩统湖相白云岩成因. 古地理学报,14(1): 59-68. [Guo Q,Zhong D K,Zhang F D,Liu X G,Fan L X,Li J J. 2012. Origin of the Lower Cretaceous lacustrine dolostones in Baiyinchagan Sag of Erlian Basin,Inner Mongolia. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition),14(1): 59-68] [4] 胡作维,黄思静,李志明,张雪花,徐二社,刘涛. 2012. 白云石—方解石氧同位素温度计在川东北地区飞仙关组白云岩成因研究中的尝试. 成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,39(1): 1-9. [Hu Z W,Huang S J,Li Z M,Zhang X H,Xu E S,Liu T. 2012. Preliminary application of the dolomite-calcite oxygen isotope thermometer in studying the origin of dolomite in Feixianguan Formation,Northeast Sichuan,China. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology:Science & Technology Edition,39(1): 1-9] [5] 黄杏珍,邵宏舜,闫存凤,妥进才,何祖荣,张新社,王寿庆,李玉兰. 2001. 泌阳凹陷下第三系湖相白云岩形成条件. 沉积学报,19(2): 207-212. [Huang X Z,Shao H S,Yan C F,Tuo J C,He Z R,Zhang X S,Wang S Q,Li Y L. 2001. Sedimentary condition of lacustrine dolomite in the Lower Tertiary Biyang depression. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,19(2): 207-212] [6] 雷川,李红,杨锐,程俊. 2012. 新疆乌鲁木齐地区中二叠统芦草沟组湖相微生物成因白云石特征. 古地理学报,14(6): 767-776. [Lei C,Li H,Yang R,Cheng J. 2012. Lacustrine microbial dolomite of the Middle Permian Lucaogou Formation in Urümqi,Xinjiang. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition),14(6): 767-776] [7] 李红,柳益群,李文厚,杨锐,雷川,刘林玉,刘洪福,李海平. 2013. 新疆乌鲁木齐二叠系湖相微生物白云岩成因. 地质通报,32(4): 661-670. [Li H,Liu Y Q,Li W H,Yang R,Lei C,Liu L Y,Liu H F,Li H P. 2013. The microbial precipitation of lacustrine dolomite from Permian Formation,Urumchi,Xinjiang,China. Geological Bulletin of China,32(4): 661-670] [8] 李红,柳益群,梁浩,周小虎,焦鑫,刘洪福,杨锐,雷川. 2012. 新疆三塘湖盆地中二叠统芦草沟组湖相白云岩成因. 古地理学报,14(1): 45-59. [Li H,Liu Y Q,Liang H,Zhou X H,Jiao X,Liu H F,Yang R,Lei C. 2012. Origin of lacustrine dolostones of the Middle Permian Lucaogou Formation in Santanghu Basin of Xinjiang. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition),14(1): 45-59] [9] 李荣,焦养泉,吴立群,荣辉,王瑞. 2008. 构造热液白云石化: 一种国际碳酸盐岩领域的新模式. 地质科技情报,27(3): 35-40. [Li R,Jiao Y Q,Wu L Q,Rong H,Wang R. 2008. Structurally controlled hydrothermal dolomitization: A new model in international carbonates field. Geological Science and Technology Information,27(3): 35-40] [10] 廖静,董兆雄,翟桂云,周立英,范鹏. 2008. 渤海湾盆地歧口凹陷沙河街组一段下亚段湖相白云岩及其与海相白云岩的差异. 海相油气地质,13(1): 18-24. [Liao J,Dong Z X,Zhai G Y,Zhou L Y,Fan P. 2008. Feature of Oligocene Shahejie lower-1st member lacustrine dolostones in Qikou Depression,Bohaiwan Basin,and difference of it from marine dolostone. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,13(1): 18-24] [11] 刘传联. 1998. 东营凹陷沙河街组湖相碳酸盐岩碳氧同位素组分及其古湖泊学意义. 沉积学报,16(3): 109-114. [Liu C L. 1998. Carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions of lacustrine carbonates of the Shahejie Formation in the Dongying Depression and their paleolimnological significance. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,16(3): 109-114] [12] 刘传联,赵泉鸿,汪品先. 2001. 湖相碳酸盐氧碳同位素的相关性与生油古湖泊类型. 地球化学,30(4): 363-367. [Liu C L,Zhao Q H,Wang P X. 2001. Correlation between carbon and oxygen isotopic ratios of lacustrine carbonates and types of oil-producing paleolakes. Geochimica,30(4): 363-367] [13] 刘万洙,王璞珺. 1997. 松辽盆地嫩江组白云岩结核的成因及环境意义. 岩相古地理,17(1): 22-26. [Liu W Z,Wang P J. 1997. Genesis and environmental significance of the dolomite concretions from the Nenjiang Formation in the Songliao Basin,Northeast of China. Sedimentary Facies and Palaeogeography,17(1): 22-26] [14] 柳益群,焦鑫,李红,袁明生,Yang Wan,周小虎,梁浩,周鼎武,郑朝阳,孙芹,汪双双. 2011. 新疆三塘湖跃进沟二叠系地幔热液喷流型原生白云岩. 中国科学: 地球科学,41(12): 1862-1871. [Liu Y Q,Jiao X,Li H,Yuan M S,Yang W,Zhou X H,Liang H,Zhou D W,Zheng C Y,Sun Q,Wang S S. 2011. Primary dolostone formation related to mantle-originated exhalative hydrothermal activities,Permian Yuejingou section,Santanghu area,Xinjiang,NW China. Scientia Sinica Terrae,41(12): 1862-1871] [15] 柳益群,李红,朱玉双,胡亭,傅国斌,刘洪福,周小虎,郑朝阳,樊婷婷. 2010. 白云岩成因探讨: 新疆三塘湖盆地发现二叠系湖相喷流型热水白云岩. 沉积学报,28(5): 861-867. [Liu Y Q,Li H,Zhu Y S,Hu T,Fu G B,Liu H F,Zhou X H,Zheng C Y,Fan T T. 2010. Permian lacustrine eruptive hydrothermal dolomites,Santanghu Basin,Xinjiang Province. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,28(5): 861-867] [16] 柳益群,周鼎武,焦鑫,南云,杨晚,李红,周小虎. 2013. 一类新型沉积岩: 地幔热液喷积岩: 以中国新疆三塘湖地区为例. 沉积学报,31(5): 773-781. [Liu Y Q,Zhou D W,Jiao X,Nan Y,Yang W,Li H,Zhou X H. 2013. A New Type of Sedimentary Rocks: Mantle-Originated hydroclastites and hydrothermal exhalites,Santanghu area,Xinjiang,NW China. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,31(5): 773-781] [17] 毛玲玲,伊海生,季长军,夏国清. 2014. 柴达木盆地新生代湖相碳酸盐岩岩石学及碳氧同位素特征. 地质科技情报,33(1): 41-48. [Mao L L,Yi H S,Ji C J,Xia G Q. 2014. Petrography and carbon-oxygen isotope characteristics of the Cenozoic lacustrine carbonate rocks in Qaidam Basin. Geological Science and Technology Information,33(1): 41-48] [18] 钱凯,杜韫华,施振生,张光武. 2013. 中国湖泊碳酸盐岩. 见: 冯增昭. 2013. 中国沉积学(第二版·上). 北京: 石油工业出版社,758-811. [Qian K,Du Y H,Shi Z S,Zhang G W. 2013. Lacustrine Carbonate Rocks in China. In: Feng Z Z. 2013. Sedimentology of China(2th Edition),Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press,758-811] [19] 曲长胜,邱隆伟,杨勇强,陈程,汤丽莉,余宽宏,万敏. 2017. 吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组碳酸盐岩碳氧同位素特征及其古湖泊学意义. 地质学报, 91(3): 605-616. [Qu C S,Qiu L W,Yang Y Q,Chen C,Tang L L,Yu K H,Wan M. 2017. Carbon and oxygen isotope compositions of carbonatic rock from Permian Lucaogou Formation in the Jimsar Sag,NW China and their Paleolimnological significance. Acta Geologica Sinica, 91(3): 605-616] [20] 孙钰,钟建华,袁向春,孙贺龙. 2008. 国内湖相碳酸盐岩研究的回顾与展望. 特种油气藏,15(5): 1-6. [Sun Y,Zhong J H,Yuan X C,Sun H L. 2008. Review and prospect of the study on domestic lacustrine carbonate rocks. Special Oil and Gas Reservoirs,15(5): 1-6] [21] 陶士振,邹才能,庞正炼,吴因业,吴松涛,张天舒,张响响,高晓辉,公言杰. 2012. 湖相碳酸盐岩致密油形成与聚集特点: 以四川盆地中部侏罗系大安寨段为例. 中国地球物理,2012: 138. [Tao S Z,Zou C N,Pang Z L,Wu Y Y,Wu S T,Zhang T S,Zhang X X,Gao X H,Gong Y J. 2012. Dense petroleum form and accumulation characteristics of the lacustrine carbonate rocks. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2012: 138] [22] 谭健,康祺发. 1997. 内陆湖泊相碳酸盐δ13C 严重正异常成因模式. 石油大学学报(自然科学版),21(1): 15-17. [Tan J,Kang Q F. 1997. Genesis model of high positive anomaly of carbonates in lacustrine. Journal of the University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),21(1): 15-17] [23] 王春连,刘成林,徐海明,王立成,张林兵. 2013. 江陵凹陷古新世盐湖沉积碳酸盐碳氧同位素组成及其环境意义. 地球学报,34(5): 567-576. [Wang C L,Liu C L,Xu H M,Wang L C,Zhang L B. 2013. Carbon and oxygen isotopes characteristics of Paleocene saline lake facies carbonates in Jiangling Depression and their environmental significance. Acta Geoscientica Sinica,34(5): 567-576] [24] 王国栋,程日辉,王璞珺,高有峰. 2008. 松辽盆地嫩江组白云岩形成机理: 以松科1井南孔为例. 地质学报,82(1): 48-54. [Wang G D,Cheng R H,Wa P J,Gao Y F. 2008. The forming mechanism of dolostones of Nengjiang Formation in Songliao Basin: Example from CCSD-SKII. Acta Geologica Sinica,82(1): 48-54] [25] 王全伟,梁斌,阚泽忠. 2006. 四川盆地下侏罗统自流井组湖相碳酸盐岩的碳、氧同位素特征及其古湖泊学意义. 矿物岩石,26(2): 87-91. [Wang Q W,Liang B,Kan Z Z. 2006. Carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions of lacustrine carbonates of the Early Jurassic Ziliujing Formation in the Sichuan Basin and their paleolimnological significance. Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology,26(2): 87-91] [26] 王夕宾,郝延征,姚军,张建光,吕爱民. 2016. 东营凹陷沙一段薄层湖相碳酸盐岩成因研究. 中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),40(1): 27-35. [Wang X B,Hao Y Z,Yao J,Zhang J G,Lü A M. 2016. Genetic research of flaggy lacustrine carbonate in the First Member of Shahejie Formation,Dongying Depression. Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),40(1): 27-35] [27] 王英华,周书欣,张秀莲. 1993. 中国湖相碳酸盐岩. 北京: 中国矿业大学出版社,2. [Wang Y H,Zhou S X,Zhang X L. 1993. Lacustrine Carbonate Rocks in China. Beijing: China University of Mining and Technology Press,2] [28] 夏文杰,李秀华. 1986. 青海小柴旦盐湖湖滩岩中原生白云石的发现及其意义. 沉积学报,4(2): 19-24. [Xia W J,Li X H. 1986. The discovery of primary dolomite from beach rock in the Xiaochaidan salt lake of Qinghai and its significance. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,4(2): 19-24] [29] 闫伟鹏,杨涛,李欣,黄福喜,吴晓智,唐惠. 2014. 中国陆上湖相碳酸盐岩地质特征及勘探潜力. 中国石油勘探,19(4): 11-17. [Yan W P,Yang T,Li X,Huang F X,Wu X Z,Tang H. 2014. Geological characteristics and hydrocarbon exploration potential of lacustrine carbonate rock in China. China Petroleum Exploration,19(4): 11-17] [30] 伊海生,林金辉,周恳恳,李军鹏. 2007. 青藏高原北部新生代湖相碳酸盐岩的碳氧同位素特征及古环境意义. 古地理学报,9(3): 303-312. [Yi H S,Lin J H,Zhou K K,Li J P. 2007. Carbon and oxygen isotope characteristics and palaeoenvironmental implication of the Cenozoic lacustrine carbonate rocks in northern Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition),9(3): 303-312] [31] 于炳松,董海良,蒋宏忱,李善营,刘英超. 2007. 青海湖底沉积物中球状白云石集合体的发现及其地质意义. 现代地质,21(1): 66-70. [Yu B S,Dong H L,Jiang H C,Li S Y,Liu Y C. 2007. Discovery of spheric dolomite aggregations in sediments from the bottom of Qinghai Lake and its significance for dolomite problem. Geoscience,21(1): 66-70] [32] 张晓宝,王志勇,徐永昌. 2000. 特殊碳同位素组成白云岩的发现及其意义. 沉积学报,18(3): 449-452. [Zhang X B,Wang Z Y,Xu Y C. 2000. Finding of the dolostones with special carbon isotopic composition and its significance. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,18(3): 449-452] [33] 张永生,侯献华,张海清,杨玉卿. 2006. 江汉盆地潜江凹陷上始新统含盐岩系准原生白云岩的沉积学特征与形成机理. 古地理学报,8(4): 441-455. [Zhang Y S,Hou X H,Zhang H Q,Yang Y Q. 2006. Sedimentary characteristics and formation mechanism of peneprimary dolostone in the Upper Eocene salt-bearing interval in Qianjiang Sag,Jianghan Basin. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition),8(4): 441-455] [34] 郑荣才,文华国,范铭涛,王满福,吴国瑄,夏佩芬. 2006. 酒西盆地下沟组湖相白烟型喷流岩岩石学特征. 岩石学报,22(12): 3027-3038. [Zheng R C,Wen H G,Fan M T,Wang M F,Wu G X,Xia P F. 2006. Lithological characteristics of sublacustine white smoke type exhalative rock of the Xiagou Formation in Jiuxi Basin. Acta Petrologica Sinica,22(12): 3027-3038] [35] 郑永飞,陈江峰. 2000. 稳定同位素地球化学. 北京: 科学出版社,193. [Zheng Y F,Chen J F. 2000. Stable Isotope Geochemistry. Beijing: Science Press,193] [36] 邹才能. 2013. 非常规油气地质(第二版). 北京: 地质出版社,102. [Zou C N. 2013. Unconventional Petroleum Geology(2nd Edition). Beijing: Geological Publishing House,102] [37] 邹才能. 2014. 非常规油气地质学. 北京: 地质出版社,5. [Zou C N. 2014. Unconventional Petroleum Geology. Beijing: Geological Publishing House,5] [38] Davison W. 1988. Interaction of iron,carbon and sulfur in marine and lacustrine sediments. In: Fleet A J,Kelts K,Tabot M R(eds). Lacustine Petroleum Source Rocks. Geological Society Special Publication 40: 131-137. [39] Fontes J C,Gonfiantini R. 1967. Comportement isotopique au cours de l’evaporation de deux basins sahariens. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,3(67): 258-266. [40] Gat J R. 1981. Lakes. In: Gat J R,Gonfiantini R(eds). Stable Isotope Hydrology-Deuterium and Oxygen-18 in the Water Cycle. International Atomic Energy Agency Technical Report 210: 203-221. [41] Gonfiantini R. 1986. Environmental isotopes in lake studies. In: Fritz P,Fontes J C(eds). Handbook of Environmental Isotope Geochemistry. New York: Elsevier,113-168. [42] Korte C,Jasper T,Kozur H W,Veizer J. 2005. δ18O and δ13C of Permian brachiopods: A record of seawater evolution and continental glaciation. Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,224: 333-351. [43] Lee C,McKenzie J A,Sturm M. 1987. Carbon isotope fractionation and changes in flux and composition of particulate matter resulting from biological activity during a sediment trap experiment in Lake Greifen,Switzerland. Limnology and Oceanography,32: 83-96. [44] Livingstone D A. 1963. Chemical Composition of Rivers and Lakes. USGS Professional Paper 440-G: 64. [45] Lovely D R,Klug M J. 1986. Model for the distribution of sulfate reduction and methanogenesis in freshwater sediments. Geochimica et Comochimica Acta,50: 11-18. [46] Mazzullo S J. 2000. Organogenic dolomitization in peritidal to deep-sea sediments. Journal of Sedimentary Research,70: 10-23. [47] McKenzie J A. 1985. Carbon isotopes and productivity in the lacustrine and marine environment. In: Stumm W(ed). Chemical Processes in Lakes. New York: Wiley,99-118. [48] Stiller M,Hutchinson G E. 1980. The waters of Merom,a study of Lake Huleh,part 1: Stable isotopic composition of carbonates of a 54 m core,paleoclimatic and paleotrophic implications. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie,89: 275-302. [49] Talbot M R,Kelts K. 1990. Paleolimnological signatures from carbon and oxygen isotopic ratios in carbonates from organic carbon-rich lacustrine sediments. Turkish Journal of Chemistry, 50(6):99-112. [50] Whiticar M J,Faber E,Schoell M. 1986. Biogenic methane formation in marine and freshwater environments: CO2 reduction vs. acetate fermentation,isotope evidence. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,50: 693-709.
