Abstract：Xiangxibei area refers to the northwestern Hunan Province mainly, Taoyuan, Yuanling, Huaihua cities. Lithofacies have been investigated, on the basis of the key Lower Ordovician sections collected during the field mapping projects. The lithofacies palaeogeography maps of the Tremadocian and Floian ages are presented here. The lithofacies palaeogeographic analyses suggest that there was a palaeo-uplift in areas of Zhangjiajie-Guzhang-Jishou, which shows the significant difference in lithofacies between both sides of the palaeo-uplift. The Tongzi and Honghuayuan Formations were formed on carbonate platform facies in the northwestern of palaeo-uplift,including six types of subfacies, including restricted-platform,open-platform,platform edge,marginal reef of platform,platform slope and shollow sea shelf. The Baishuixi/Panjiazui and Qiaotingzi sormations were formed on the shelf in the southeastern of palaeo-uplift,including two types of facies(i.e. ,mixed shelf and clastic shelf). Results from this work improve the understanding of the Early Ordovician,and provide important information for evaluation of geological prospecting in the area.
Zou Guang-Jun,Liang En-Yun,Zhang Xiao-Yang et al. Sedimentological characteristics and lithofacies palaeogeography of the Early Ordovician in northwestern Hunan Province[J]. JOPC, 2018, 20(1): 105-118.
[1] 陈旭,戎嘉余,张元动,樊隽轩. 2000. 奥陶纪年代地层学研究评述. 地层学杂志, 24(1): 18-26. [Chen X,Rong J Y,Zhang Y X, Fan J X. 2000. A Commentary on Ordovician Chronostratigraphy. Journal of Stratigraphy, 24(1): 18-26] [2] 段太忠,曾允孚,高振中. 1988. 根据沉积历史分析华南古大陆边缘的构造演化. 石油与天然气地质, 9(4): 410-420. [Duan T Z,Zeng Y F,Gao Z Z. 1988. Analysis of tectonic evolution of paleocontinental margin in South China based on sedimentary history. Oil & gas Geology, 9(4): 410-420] [3] 冯增昭,彭勇民,金振奎,蒋盘良,鲍志东,罗璋,鞠天吟,田海芹,汪红. 2001. 中国南方寒武纪和奥陶纪岩相古地理. 北京: 地质出版社. [Feng Z S,Peng Y M, Jin Z K, Jiang P L, Bao Z D, Luo Z, Ju T Y, Tian H Q, Wang H. 2001. Lithofacies Paleogeography of the Cambrian and Ordovician in China South. Beijing: Geological Publishing House]. [4] 葛祥英,牟传龙,周恳恳,梁薇. 2013. 湖南奥陶纪沉积演化特征. 中国地质, 40(6): 1829-1841. [Ge X Y,Mou C L,Zhou K K, Liang W. 2013. Characteristics of Ordovician sedimentary evolution in Hunan Province. Geology in China, 40(6): 1829-1841] [5] 广东省地质矿产局. 1988. 广东省区域地质志. 北京: 地质出版社. [Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Guangdong. 1988. Regional Geology of Guangdong Province. Beijing: Geological Publishing House] [6] 广西壮族自治区地质矿产局. 1985. 广西壮族自治区区域地质志. 北京: 地质出版社. [Guangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral. 1985. Regional Geology of Guangxi. Beijing: Geological Publishing House] [7] 何卫红,唐婷婷,乐明亮,邓晋福,潘桂棠,邢光福,骆满生,徐亚东,韦一,张宗言,肖异凡,张克信. 2014. 华南南华纪—二叠纪沉积大地构造演化. 地球科学, 39(8): 929-953. [He W H,Tang T T,Yue M L, Deng J F, Pan G T, Xing G F, Luo M S, Xu Y D, Wei Y, Zhang Z Y, Xiao Y F, Zhang K X. 2014. Sedimentary and tectonic evolution of Nanhua-Permian in South China.Earth Science, 39(8): 929-953] [8] 湖南省地质矿产局. 1997. 湖南省岩石地层. 武汉: 中国地质大学出版社. [Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Hunan. 1997. Hunan Rock Stratum. Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Publishing House] [9] 湖南省地质调查院. 2017. 湖南省区域地质志. 北京: 地质出版社. [Hunan Institute of Geology Survey. 2017. Regional Geology of Hunan Province. Bjing: Geological Publishing House] [10] 李光,吴庆波. 2001. 湘西北早奥陶世南津关组生物丘(礁)及其形成环境. 地层学杂志, 25(1): 48-50. [Li G,Wu Q B. 2001. The Early Ordovician(Nanjinguan Period)Bioherms of Northwestern Hunan and its forming environment. Journal of Stratigraphy, 25(1): 48-50] [11] 李佐臣,裴先治,刘战庆,李瑞保,丁仨平,张晓飞,陈国超,刘智刚,陈有,王学良. 2011. 扬子地块西北缘龙门山南华纪—早古生代沉积地层特征及其形成环境. 地球科学与环境学报, 32(2): 117-124. [Li Z C,Pei X Z,Liu Z Q, Li R B, Ding S P, Zhang X F, Chen G C, Liu Z G, Chen Y, Wang X L. 2011. Characteristics of Sedimentary Strata and Their Forming Environments of Nanhua Period-Early Paleozoic of Back-Longmenshan in the Northwest Margin of Yangtze Block. Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment, 32(2): 117-124] [12] 刘宝珺,许效松. 1994. 中国南方岩相古地理图集. 北京: 科学出版社. [Liu B J,Xu X S. 1994. Atlas of Lithofacies Palaeogeography of South China. Beijing: Science Press] [13] 刘宝珺,曾允孚. 1985. 岩相古地理基础和工作方法. 北京: 地质出版社. [Liu B J,Zeng Y F. 1985. Lithofacies Palaeogeography Basis and Working Method. Beijing: Geological Publishing House] [14] 刘伟,许效松,余谦,闫剑飞,门玉澎,张海全. 2012. 中上扬子晚奥陶世赫南特期岩相古地理. 成都理工大学学报(自然科学版), 39(1): 32-39. [Liu W,Xu X S,Yu Q, Yan J F, Men Y P, Zhang H Q. 2012. Lithofacies palaeogeography of the Late Ordovician Hirnantian in the middle-upper Yandtze region of China. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science and Technology Edition), 39(1): 32-39] [15] 牟传龙,许效松. 2010. 华南地区早古生代沉积演化与油气地质条件. 沉积与特提斯地质, 30(3): 24-29. [Mou C L,Xun X S. 2010. Sedimentary evolution and petroleum geology in South China during the Early Paleozoic. Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology, 30(3): 24-29] [16] 牟传龙,葛祥英,许效松,周恳恳,梁薇,王秀平. 2014. 中上扬子地区晚奥陶世岩相古地理及其油气地质意义. 古地理学报, 16(4): 427-440. [Mou C L,Ge X Y,Xu X S, Zhou K K, Liang W, Wang X P. 2014. Lithofacies palaeogeography of the Late Ordovician and its petroleum geological significance in Middle-Upper Yangtze Region. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition), 16(4): 427-440] [17] 彭善池. 1991. 湖南泸溪特马豆克期三叶虫. 古生物学报, 30(2): 141-166. [Peng S C. 1991. Tremadocian trilobites from guotang formation,Luxi,Western Hunan. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 30(2): 141-166] [18] 彭善池. 2009. 华南斜坡相寒武纪三叶虫动物群研究回顾并论中国南、北方寒武系的对比. 古生物学报, 48(3): 437-452. [Peng S C. 2009. Review on the studies of Cambrian trilobite faunas from Jiangnan slope belt,South China,with notes on Cambrian correlation between South and North China. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 48(3): 437-452] [19] 彭善池. 2009. 华南新的寒武纪生物地层序列和年代地层系统. 科学通报, 54(18): 2691-2698. [Peng S C. 2009. The newly-developed Cambrian biostratigraphic succession and chronostratigraphic scheme for South China. Chinese Sci Bull, 54(18): 2691-2698] [20] 任纪舜. 1990. 论中国南部的大地构造. 地质学报,(4): 275-280. [Ren J S. 1990. On the geotectonics of Southern China. Acta Geologica Sinica,(4): 275-280] [21] 戎嘉余,詹仁斌. 1999. 华南奥陶—志留纪腕足动物群的更替: 兼论奥陶纪末冰川活动的影响. 现代地质, 13(4): 390-394. [Rong J Y,Zhan R B. 1999. Ordovician-Silurian brachiopod fauna turnover in South China. Geoscience, 13(4): 390-394] [22] 舒良树. 2012. 华南构造演化的基本特征. 地质通报, 31(7): 1035-1053. [Shu L S. 2012. An analysis of principal features of tectonic evolution in South China Block. Geological Bulletin of China, 31(7): 1035-1053] [23] 王鸿帧. 1985. 中国古地理图集. 北京: 地图出版社. [Wang H Z. 1985. Atlas of Palaeogeography of China.Beijing: China Cartographic Publishing House] [24] 王剑,段太忠,谢渊,汪正江,郝明,刘伟. 2012. 扬子地块东南缘大地构造演化及其油气地质意义. 地质通报, 11(31): 1739-1749. [Wang J,Duan T D,Xie Y,Wang Z J,Hao M,Liu W. 2012. The tectonic evolution and its oil and gas prospect of southeast margin of Yangtze Block. Geological Bulletin of China, 31(11): 1739-1749] [25] 王剑,曾昭光,陈文西,汪正江,熊国庆,王雪华. 2006. 华南新元古代裂谷系沉积超覆作用及其开启年龄新证据. 沉积与特提斯地质, 26(4): 1-7. [Wang J,Zeng Z G,Chen W X,Wang Z J,Xiong G Q,Wang X H. 2006. The Neoproterozoic rift systems in southern China: New evidence for the sedimentary onlap and its initial age. Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology, 26(4): 1-7] [26] 王建坡,李越,程龙,曾雄伟,王冠. 2014. 华南板块古生代生物礁及其古地理控制因素. 古生物学报, 53(1): 121-131. [Wang J P,Li Y,Cheng L,Zeng X W, Wang G. 2014. Paleozoic reefs and their paleogeological controls in South China Block. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 53(1): 121-131] [27] 汪正江,谢渊,杨平,卓皆文,何江林,谢尚克. 2012. 雪峰山西侧震旦纪—早古生代海相盆地演化与油气地质条件. 地质通报, 31(11): 1795-1811. [Wang Z J,Xie Y,Yang P, Zuo J W, He J L, Xie S K. 2012. Marine basin evolution and oil and gas geology of Sinian-early Paleozoic period on the western side of the Xuefeng Mountain. Geological Bulletin of China, 31(11): 1795-1811] [28] 杨绍祥. 1998. 湘西花垣—张家界逆冲断裂带地质特征及其控矿意义. 湖南地质, 17(2): 96-104. [Yang S X. 1998. Geological characteristics and Deposit-Controlled significance of huanyuan-zhangjiajie thrust fault zone in western Hunan. Hunan Geology, 17(2): 96-104] [29] 杨威,朱忠德,胡明毅,肖传桃. 2000. 湘西北地区早奥陶世生物礁岩成岩作用及储集性. 海相油气地质, 5(3-4): 61-65. [Yang W,Zhu Z D,Hu M Y, Xiao C T. 2000. The Early Ordovician Bioherms rock of Northwestern Hunan and its diagenesis and reservoir property. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology, 5(3-4): 61-65] [30] 章森桂. 1995. 瓶筐石类化石的壁外构造及其意义. 古生物学报, 34(5): 619-634. [Zhang S G. 1995. Exothecal structures of the calathiids and their significance. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 34(5): 619-634] [31] 周小进,杨帆. 2009. 中国南方新元古代—早古生代构造演化与盆地原型分析. 石油实验地质, 31(2): 128-135. [Zhou X J,Yang F. 2009. Tectonic evolution and prototypes analysis from Neoproterozoic to Early Paleozoic in South China. Petroleum Geology and Experiment, 31(2): 128-135] [32] 周志毅,周志强,袁文伟,周天梅. 2000. 湘鄂西部地区晚奥陶世三叶虫相和古地理演化. 地层学杂志, 24(4): 249-267. [Zhou Z Y,Zhou Z Q,Yuan W W, Zhou T M. 2000. Late Ordovician trilobite biofacies and palaeogeographical development,Western Hubei-Hunan. Journal of Stratigraphy, 24(4): 249-267] [33] Kiessling W, Flugel E, Golonka J. 1999. Paleoreef: Evaluation of a comprehensive database on Phanerozic reefs. AAPG Bulletin, 83: 1552-1587. [34] Kiessling W,Flugel E,Golonka J. 2002. Phanerozoic reef patterns. Tulsa: SEPM Special Publication,1-77.
