Abstract：Stromatolites of the Luanshigou Formation of Mesoproterozoic Shennongjia Group were developed very well in the northern margin of Yangtze Craton. Their types are abundant. The forms of the stromatolites include colonnella,domal,stratiform,conophyton,strati-columnar,cabbage-like stromatolites and stromatolite bioherm. They are mainly small-medium sized,with some of them large- or huge-sized. Most of them have no walls, and some of them have a single wall. Their symmetry and inheritance are mainly good. The study shows that the morphology and size of stromatolites are closely related to the corresponding hydrodynamic conditions,water depth and the content of terrestrial components. Stratiform stromatolites grew up primarily in the intertidal;columnar stromatolites were found in the intertidal and the subtidal environment. Domal stromatolites were formed in the intertidal zone and the subtidal zone. Conophyton stromatolites were often seen in the subtidal zone and the intertidal zone. Strati-columnar and cone-columnar stromatolites were developed dominantly in the intertidal zone. Stromatolites bioherm were located in the intertidal zone and the subtidal zone. The combinations of macro and micro characteristics of different types of stromatolites, the vertical supperpositions of different stromatolites, the relationship between their sedimentary structure and their corresponding facies, as well as the carbon and oxygen isotopes, all infer that the formation of stromatolites was mainly influenced by the content of microbacteria and sedimentary environment. Biological factors affected the microscopic constitution of stromatolites;hydrodynamic condition controlled the types of stromatolites,and the water depth affected their size. The environment with biological prosperity and less terrigenous materials was favorable for the development of stromatolites.
Fan Zheng-Xiu,Kuang Hong-Wei,Liu Yong-Qing et al. Types of stromatolites of the Mesoproterozoic Shennongjia Group in northern margin of Yangtze Craton and their sedimentary significance[J]. JOPC, 2018, 20(4): 545-561.
[1] 边立曾,卢华复,张宝民,陈建平,曹瑞骥. 2003. 塔里木盆地库车坳陷侏罗系恰克马克组叠层石及其环境意义. 南京大学学报(自然科学), 39(1): 9-16. [Bian L Z,Lu H F,Zhang B M,Chen J P,Cao R J.2003. Stromatolite from Qiakemake Formatiom,Middle Jurassic of Kuqa Depression,Tarim Basin and its implications for the sea-flooding events. Journal of Nanjing University(Natural Sciences), 39(1): 9-16] [2] 曹仁关. 1988. 湖北震旦系磷块岩中的藻类化石. 沉积学报, 6(1): 97-101. [Cao R G.1988. Algal fossils of Sinian phosphorite in Hubei. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 6(1): 97-101] [3] 曹瑞骥. 1986. 藻类在含铁叠层石成因中的作用. 微体古生物学报, 3(2): 185-192. [Cao R J.1986. On the role of algae in the origin of iron-bearing stromatolites. Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica, 3(2): 185-192] [4] 曹瑞骥. 1997. 华南黔中震旦纪陡山沱组磷质叠层石礁和与其相关的微生物化石. 古生物学报, 36(3): 295-308. [Cao R J.1997. Phosphatic stromatolite bioherms and associated microbial fossils from the Sinian Doushantuo Formation,central Guizhou,South China. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 36(3): 295-308] [5] 曹瑞骥. 2003. 前寒武纪叠层石命名和分类的研究历史及现状. 地质调查与研究, 26(2): 80-83. [Cao R J.2003. History and current status of study on stromatolitic nomenclature and classification in the Precambrian. Geological Survey and Research, 26(2): 80-83] [6] 曹瑞骥,袁训来. 2006. 叠层石. 安徽合肥: 中国科学技术大学出版社. [Cao R J,Yuan X L.2006. Stromatolite. Hefei,Anhui: China University of Science and Technology Press] [7] 曹瑞骥,袁训来. 2009. 中国叠层石研究进展. 古生物学报, 48(3): 314-321. [Cao R J,Yuan X L.2009. Advances of stromatolite study in China. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 48(3): 314-321] [8] 常玉光,郑伟. 2012. 叠层石研究现状及进展. 沉积与特提斯地质, 32(2): 89-93. [Chang Y G,Zheng W.2012. Stromatolites: Progress and problems. Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology, 32(2): 89-93] [9] 常玉光,齐永安,郑伟,孙凤余. 2012. 河南登封寒武系叠层石组合类型及其控制因素. 微体古生物学报, 29(4): 341-351. [Chang Y G,Qi Y A,Zheng W,Sun F Y.2012. Assemblages and controlling factors of the Cambrian stromatolites in Dengfeng,Henan Province. Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica, 29(4): 341-351] [10] 常玉光,齐永安,郑伟,王敏,代明月. 2013. 中国豫西寒武系馒头组叠层石的沉积特征及其古环境意义. 沉积学报, 31(1): 10-19. [Chang Y G,Qi Y A,Zheng W,Wang M,Dai M Y.2013. Sedimentary characteristics and palaeoenvironmental significance on stromatolites of Mantou Formation in Cambrian,western Henan,China. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 31(1): 10-19] [11] 陈留勤. 2007. 地史中叠层石衰减机制综述. 新疆地质, 25(4): 365-367. [Chen L Q.2007. A review of the mechanisms of stromatolite decline in the geological history. Xinjiang Geology, 25(4): 365-367] [12] 邓奇,王剑,汪正江,邱艳生,杨青雄,江新胜,杜秋定. 2013. 扬子北缘元古宇马槽园群时代归属新证据: 对地层对比和古地理格局的启示. 地质通报, 32(4): 631-638. [Deng Q,Wang J,Wang Z J,Qiu Y S,Yang Q X,Jiang X S,D u Q D.2013. New evidence for the age of the Macaoyuan Group on the northern margin of the Yangtze block,South China: Implications for stratigraphic correlation and palaeogeographic framework. Geological Bulletin of China, 32(4): 631-638] [13] 杜远生,孙克祥,李志伟. 1998. 云南元江地区中元古代昆阳群下亚群的沉积地质及控矿作用. 地球科学, 23(1): 27-30. [Du Y S,Sun K X,Li Z W.1998. Sedimentary geology of the Lower Subgroup of Kunyang Group(Mesoproterozoic)in Yuanjiang area,Yunnan Province and its ore-controlling significances. Earth Science, 23(1): 27-30] [14] 何镜宇,孟祥化. 1987. 沉积岩和沉积相模式及建造. 北京: 地质出版社, 195-209. [He J Y,Meng X H.1987. Sedimentary Facies and Sedimentary Facies Model and Construction. Beijing: Geological Publishing House,195-209] [15] 何雨旸,赵广涛,赵利,龙晓军,祁奇,徐翠玲. 2014. 巢北地区二叠系栖霞组碳酸盐岩地球化学特征及其古环境意义. 中国海洋大学学报, 44(5): 79-88. [He Y S,Zhao G L,Zhao L,Long X J,Qi Q,Xu C L.2014. Geochemistry characteristics and palaeo-environment significance of Qixia Formation in Chaobei area. Periodical of Ocean University of China, 44(5): 79-88] [16] 高林志,丁孝忠,庞维华,张传恒. 2011. 中国中—新元古代地层年表的修正: 锆石U-Pb年龄对年代地层的制约. 地层学杂志, 35(1): 1-7. [Gao L Z,Ding X Z,Pang W H,Zhang C H.2011. New geologic time scale of Meso and Neoproterozoic of China and geochronologic constrain by Shrimp Zircon U-Pb dating. Journal of Stratigraphy, 35(1): 1-7] [17] 湖北省地质矿产局. 1990. 湖北省区域地质志. 北京: 地质出版社. [Hubei Geology and Mineral Bureau. 1990. Regional Geology of Hubei Province. Beijing: Geological Publishing House] [18] 胡斌,周硕,牛永斌. 2014. 豫西北焦作地区奥陶系马家沟组叠层石发育特征及其环境意义. 河南理工大学学报(自然科学版), 33(1): 37-32. [Hu B,Zhou S,Niu Y B.2014. Characteristics and its environment significance of stromatolite from Ordovician Majiagou Formation of Jiaozuo area in the north-west Henan Province. Journal of Henan Polytechnic University(Natural Science), 33(1): 37-32] [19] 贾志海,洪天求,王伟. 2008. 淮南地区新元古代九里桥组叠层石成礁过程及其影响因素. 古生物学报, 47(1): 47-57. [Jia Z H,Hong T Q,Wang W.2008. The building process and influential factors of the stromatolite reefs in the Neoproterozoic Jiuliqiao Formation in Huainan region,Anhui. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 47(1): 47-57] [20] 李怀坤,张传林,相振群,陆松年,张健,耿建珍,瞿乐生,王志先. 2013. 扬子克拉通神农架群锆石和斜锆石U-Pb年代学及其构造意义. 岩石学报, 29(2): 673-697. [Li H K,Zhang C L,Xiang Z Q,Lu S N,Zhang J,Geng J Z,Qu L S,Wang Z X.2013. Zircon and baddeleyite U-Pb geochronology of the Shennongjia Group in the Yangtze Craton and its tectonic significance. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 29(2): 673-697] [21] 李铨,冷坚. 1987. 神农架上前寒武系. 天津: 天津科学技术出版,1-391. [Li Q,Leng J.1987. The Upper Precambrian of Shennongjia. Tianjin: Tianjin Science and Technology Press,1-391] [22] 刘文剑,曾保成,杨凤军,梁红飞,王同荣,刘卫民. 2015. 云南东川前寒武纪叠层石类型与找矿意义. 古生物学报, 54(3): 387-395. [Liu W J,Zeng B C,Yang F J,Liang H F,Wang T R,Liu W M.2015. Research on the type of Precambrian stromatolite and its prospecting significance in Dongchuan Ore Fields,Yunnan. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 54(3): 387-395] [23] 梅冥相,高金汉,孟庆芬,刘智荣. 2008. 天津蓟县中元古界雾迷山组微指状叠层石及其对1250Ma±叠层石衰减事件的响应. 古地理学报, 10(5): 495-509. [Mei M X,Gao J H,Meng Q F,Liu Z R.2008. Microdigital stromatolites and their response to stromatolite decline at 1250Ma± for the Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation at Jixian section in Tianjin. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition), 10(5): 495-509] [24] 梅冥相,孟庆芬. 2016. 现代叠层石的多样化构成: 认识古代叠层石形成的关键和窗口. 古地理学报, 18(2): 127-146. [Mei M X,Meng Q F.2016. Composition diversity of modern stromatolites: A key and window for further understanding of the formation of ancient stromatolites. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition), 18(2): 127-146] [25] 潘明,吕勇,山克强,郝彦珍. 2015. 云南保山栗柴坝组碳酸盐岩地球化学特征及环境意义. 地质论评, 61(2): 333-343. [Pan M,Lü Y,Shan K Q,Han Y Z.2015. Geochemical characteristics and environmental significance of carbonate rock in Lichaiba Formation in Baoshan Region,Yunnan. Geological Review, 61(2): 333-343] [26] 钱迈平. 1991. 苏、皖北部震旦纪叠层石及其沉积环境学意义. 古生物学报, 30(5): 616-629. [Qian M P.1991. Environmental significance of Sinian algal stromatolites in northern Jiangsu and Anhui,China. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 30(5): 616-629] [27] 钱迈平,袁训来,徐学思,厉建华. 2001. 江苏徐州及其邻区新元古代魏集组叠层石礁. 江苏地质, 25(2): 65-72. [Qian M P,Yuan X L,Xu X S,Li J H.2001. Neoproterozoic stromatolitic reefs in Weiji Formation,Xuzhou. Jiangsu Geology, 25(2): 65-72] [28] 钱迈平,袁训来,徐学思,胡杰,厉建华. 2002. 徐淮地区新元古代叠层石组合. 古生物学报, 41(3): 403-418. [Qian M P,Yuan X L,Xu X S,Hu J,Li J H.2002. An assemblage of the Neoproterozoic stromatolites from the Xuzhou-Huainan region. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 41(3): 403-418] [29] 邱树玉,梁左玉,朱士兴,曹瑞骥,张录易,华洪. 1998. 中国叠层石新属(群)索引. 古生物学报, 37(3): 387-394. [Qiu S Y,Liang Z Y,Zhu S X,Cao R J,Zhang L Y,Hua H.1998. Index to the new stromatolite genus(Groups)in China. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 37(3): 387-394] [30] 邱艳生,胡正祥,杨青雄,周世卿,田望学,李雄伟. 2013. 华南“马槽园群”年代及其地层学意义. 资源环境与工程, 27(3): 328-334. [Qiu Y S,Hu Z X,Yang Q X,Zhou S Q,Tian W X,Li X W.2013. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating for the Macaoyuan Group in South China and its stratigraphic significance. Resources Environment & Engineering, 27(3): 328-334] [31] 苏玲,陈留勤. 2008. 叠层石衰减事件及臼齿构造碳酸盐岩作用幕: 了解前寒武纪碳酸盐岩世界的重要线索. 地质科技情报, 27(6): 17-23. [Su L,Chen L Q.2008. Stromatolite declines and molar-tooth carbonates: Contributions to the understanding of the Precambrian carbonate world. Geological Science and Technology Information, 27(6): 17-23] [32] 汪凯明,罗顺社. 2009. 碳酸盐岩地球化学特征与沉积环境判别意义: 以冀北坳陷长城系高于庄组为例. 石油与天然气地质, 30(3): 343-349. [Wang K M,Luo S S.2009. Geochemical characters of carbonates and indicative significance of sedimentary environment: An example from the Gaoyuzhuang Formation of the Changcheng System in the northern Hebei Depression. Oil & Gas Geology, 30(3): 343-349] [33] 温志峰,钟建华,李勇,郭泽清,高剑波,徐小林. 2004. 叠层石成因和形成条件的研究综述. 高校地质学报, 10(3): 418-428. [Wen Z F,Zhong J H,Li Y,Guo Z Q,Gao J B,Xu X L.2004. Current study on genesis and formation conditions of stromatolites. Geological Journal of China Universities, 10(3): 418-428] [34] 温志峰,钟建华,王冠民,李勇,郭泽清,王海侨. 2005. 柴达木盆地古近纪—新近纪湖相叠层石与藻礁的沉积组合特征与意义. 地质学报, 79(4): 444-453. [Wen Z F,Zhong J H,Wang G M,Li Y,Guo Z Q,Wang H Q.2005. Miocene stromatolites associated with lacustrine algal reefs in Qaidam Basin,China. Acta Geologica Sinica, 79(4): 444-453] [35] 萧宗正. 1981. 燕山地区震旦亚界最早叠层石组合及其地层意义. 地质论评, 27(5): 384-390. [Xiao Z Z.1981. The earliest stromatolite assemblage in the Sinian suberathem in the Yanshan area and its stratigraphic significance. Geological Review, 27(5): 384-390] [36] 阎同生,孙黎明,邸明慧,张补宏. 2006. 河北省头泉叠层石与古地理探讨. 地理与地理信息科学, 28(4): 108-111. [Yan T S,Sun L M,Di M H,Zhang B H.2006. Characteristic analysis on stromatolites and paleo-geography in Touquan village,Hebei Province. Geography and Geo-Information Science, 28(4): 108-111] [37] 伊海生,林金辉,周恳恳,李军鹏,黄华谷. 2008. 可可西里地区中新世湖相叠层石成因及其古气候意义. 矿物岩石, 28(1): 106-113. [Yi H S,Lin J h,Zhou K K,Li J P,Huang H G.2008. The origin of Miocene lacustrine stromatolites in the Hoh Xil area and its paleoclimatic implications. Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology, 28(1): 106-113] [38] 伊海生,时志强,惠博,夏国清. 2009. 湖相叠层石纹层的碳氧同位素特征及其生长节律的古环境意义. 地学前缘, 16(6): 168-176. [Yi H S,Shi Z Q,Hui B,Xia G Q.2009. The oxygen and carbon isotopic signatures of laminations in lacustrine stromatolites and palaeoenvironmental significances of growth rhythms. Earth Science Frontiers, 16(6): 168-176] [39] 张录易,王树洗. 1984. 北山地区上前寒武系(中国晚前寒武纪地质研究成果之十六)九: 叠层石描述. 西北地质科学,(8): 70-102. [Zhang L Y,Wang S X.1984. The Upper Cambrian in Beishan Region(16) of the Previous Cambrian Geological Study in China. Northwest Geosciences,(8): 70-102] [40] 钟福平,钟建华,由伟丰,边强,王金华,王安东,孟玮,艾合买提江·阿不都热和曼. 2014. 六盘山地区下白垩统六盘山群李洼峡组叠层石特征及成因环境探讨. 地层学杂志, 38(1): 65-70. [Zhong F P,Zhong J H,You W F,Bian Q,Wang J H,Wang A D,Meng W,Ahmatjan A.2014. Lacustrine stromatolites from the Lower Cretaceous Liwaxia Formation in the Liupan Mountain area. Journal of Stratigraphy, 38(1): 65-70] [41] 朱士兴,曹瑞骥,梁玉左. 1979. 蓟县震旦亚界叠层石的研究. 北京: 地质出版社,16-20. [Zhu S X,Cao R J,Liang Y Z.1979.The Study of Stromatolites in the Sinian Subboundary of Jixian. Beijing: Geological Publishing House,16-20] [42] 朱士兴,徐朝雷,高建平. 1987. 五台山及其邻区的早元古代叠层石. 天津地质矿产研究所所刊, 17: 33-43. [Zhu S X,Xu C L,Gao J P.1987. The Early Proterozoic stromatolites in Wutai Mountain and its adjacent areas. The Journal of Tianjin Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, 17: 33-43] [43] 朱士兴,张录易. 1993. 中国叠层石. 天津: 天津大学出版社,1-250. [Zhu S X,Zhang L Y.1993. China Stromatolite. Tianjin: Tianjin University Press,1-250] [44] 左景勋,彭善池,朱学剑. 2008. 扬子地台寒武系碳酸盐岩的碳同位素组成及地质意义. 地球化学, 37(2): 118-128. [Zuo J X,Peng S C,Zhu X J.2008. Carbon isotope composition of Cambrian carbonate rocks in Yangtze Platform,South China and its geological implications. Geochemica, 37(2): 118-128] [45] Allwood A C,Walter M R,Burch I W,Kamber B S.2007.3.43 billion-year-old stromatolite reef from the Pilbara Craton of Western Australia: Ecosystem-scale insights to early life on Earth. Precambrian Research, 158(3-4): 198-227. [46] Banerjee S,Bhattacharya S K,Sarkar S.2007. Carbon and oxygen isotopic variations in peritidal stromatolite cycles. Paleoproterozoic Kajrahat limestone,Vindhyan Basin of central India. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 29(5-6): 823-831. [47] Buick R,Dunlop J S R,Groves D I.1981. Stromatolite recognition in ancient rocks: An appraisal of irregular laminated structures in an early Archean chert-barite unit from North Pole,Western Australia. Alcheringa, 5(3): 161-181. [48] Cloud P E,Semikhatov M A.1969. Proterozoic stromatolite zonation. American Journal of Science, 267(9): 1017-1061. [49] Corkeron M,Webb G E,Moulds J,Grey K.2012. Discriminating stromatolite formation modes using rare earth element geochemistry: Trapping and binding versus in situ precipitation of stromatolites from the Neoproterozoic Bitter Springs Formation,Northern Territory,Australia. Precambrian Research, 212-213: 194-206. [50] Logan B W,Rezak R,Ginsburg R N.1964. Classification and environmental significance of algal stromatolites. Journal of Geology, 72(1): 68-83. [51] Nutman A P,Bennett V C L, Friend C R,Wagoner Kranendonk M J,Chivas A R.2016. Rapid emergence of life shown by discovery of 3,700-million-year-old microbial structures. Nature, 537: 535-538. [52] Raaben M E,Sinha A K,Sharma M.2001. Precambrian Stromatolites of India and Russia. Lucknow: Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany,1-125. [53] Qiu X F,Ling W L,Liu X M,Kusky T,Berkana W,Zhang Y H,Gao Y J,Lu S S,Kuang H,Liu C X.2011. Recognition of Grenvillian volcanic suite in the Shennongjia region and its tectonic significance for the South China Craton. Precambrian Research, 191(3): 101-119. [54] Wang J,Deng Q,Wang Z J,Qiu Y S,Duan T Z,Jiang X S,Yang Q X.2013. New evidences for sedimentary attributes and timing of the “Macaoyuan conglomerates”on the northern margin of the Yangtze block in southern China. Precambrian Research, 235: 58-70. [55] Kalkowsky E.1908. Oolith and stromatolith im norddeutschen Buntsandstein. Zeitschrift Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft, 60: 68-125.
