Differential diagenesis and reservoir characteristics of bio-clastic limestone: A case study on the Cretaceous Mishrif Formation in HF Oilfield,Iraq
Yu Yi-Chang1, Song Xin-Min1, Guo Rui1, Gao Xing-Jun1, Lin Min-Jie1, Yi Li-Ping1, Han Hai-Ying1, Chen Jun2, Deng Ya1, Li Feng-Feng1, Liu Hang-Yu3
1 Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development,PetroChina,Beijing 100083; 2 China National Oil-Gas Exploration & Development Co., Ltd.,Beijing 100034; 3 School of Earth and Space Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871
Abstract：The Cretaceous Mishrif Formation in the Middle East was developed in a warm and humid environment,mainly consisting of bio-clastic limestone deposits. Based on core observations,cast thin sections,whole rock analysis,petrophysical properties,and high-pressure mercury injection tests,bio-clastic types,distribution,composition,differential diagenesis and reservoir characteristics of the Mishrif Formation in HF Oilfield were systematically studied to clarify the relationship between bio-clastic and intrinsic heterogeneity. The Mishrif Formation is mainly composed of benthic foraminifera,non-fixed bivalves,thick crustaceans,and echinoderms,containing a small amount of bryozoans,algae and sponge animals. The distribution characteristics of biological debris are consistent with the living environment. The content,type,composition and size of biological debris are important signs of the depositional environment. The original composition of these bio-clastics includes unstable aragonite,high-magnesium calcite, and relatively stable medium-low magnesium calcite,which mainly experienced various degrees of soft decay,micritization, and biological drilling in the seawater environment,dissolution and cementation in the atmospheric fresh water environment,compaction pressure dissolution and particle disruption in the buried environment. The differences in sedimentary environment,particle size,morphological characteristics,and composition of various types of bio-clastics have led to differential diagenesis,which controlled pore type,physical properties,and pore-throat structure of bio-clastic limestone,forming a complex pore-penetration relationship. As the content of bio-debris increases,the physical properties of the reservoir become better.The low-energy depositional environments mainly developed benthic foraminifera and non-fixed bivalve detritus are characterized by weak dissolution and strong cementation. Micropores,intercrystalline pores, and intragranular pores were mainly developed. The physical properties are poor,and pore throat distribution shows a fine micro-throat single peak pattern. The high energy sedimentary environment with rudist and echinoderms debris is characterized by strong dissolution and weak cementation. The main development of mold pores,intergranular pores, and intergranular dissolution pores with good physical properties,pore throat distribution shows a very broad range mainly with coarse pore throat,which is the most favorable reservoir type in the study area. The Cretaceous bio-clastic limestone,represented by the Mishrif Formation in HF Oilfield,was widely developed in the Middle East. The above study is of great significance to the development of bio-clastic limestone oil and gas in the Middle East.
Yu Yi-Chang,Song Xin-Min,Guo Rui et al. Differential diagenesis and reservoir characteristics of bio-clastic limestone: A case study on the Cretaceous Mishrif Formation in HF Oilfield,Iraq[J]. JOPC, 2018, 20(6): 1053-1067.
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