Sedimentary systems and palaeogeography evolution of Ordos Basin
Guo Yan-Qin1, Li Wen-Hou2, Guo Bin-Cheng3, Zhang Qian2, Chen Qiang4, Wang Ruo-Gu5, Liu Xi2, Ma Yao1, Li Zhi-Chao4, Zhang Meng-Ting2, Li Bai-Qiang2
1 School of Earth Science and Engineering,Xi'an Shiyou University,Xi'an 710065,China; 2 Department of Geology,Northwest University,Xi'an 710069,China; 3 Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development,PetroChina,Beijing 100083,China; 4 College of Earth Science and Resoures,Chang'an University,Xi'an 710054,China; 5 Research Institute of Shaanxi Yanchang Petroleum(Group)Co.,Ltd.,Xi'an 710075,China
Abstract：The types and characteristics of depositional systems and the evolution of the palaeogeographic environment of the Ordos Basin were studied comprehensively and systematically,based on many years of field surveys on the periphery outcrop of the basin and descriptions of some cores in the basin. Investigations of depositional environments,rock types,sedimentary structures,and palaeontological fossils in the basin reveal that the depositional system transformed from the continental-nearshore to the carbonate tidal flat environment during the Mesoproterozoic-Neoproterozoic Changcheng to Jixian period. During the Early Paleozoic Xinji to the Zhushadong period,the depositional system around the Ordos palaeo-continent in the western and southern margin of the basin evolved from the sand flat to dolomite flat environment. During the Mantou to the Sanshanzi period,sedimentation on the open sea platform dominated,but the area of the depocenters greatly varied. From the Yeli to the Liangjiashan period,the depositional system in the eastern and southern margins of the basin evolved from the argillaceous dolomite flat to the dolomite flat environment. The large-scale transgression in the Majiagou period resulted in extensive shallow-water epicontinental deposits. The deposition system in the Fengfeng period was dominated by the platform margin slope and continental slope trough deposits. During the Pingliang period, shoal deposits occurred on the platform margin in the southern part of basin. During the Beiguoshan period,the dominant open-platform and the fore-platform slope deposits were only distributed in the southwestern corner of the basin. The basin in the Late Paleozoic-Middle Triassic Benxi period was characterized by a filling process and the deposition in the tidal flat-lagoon-barrier island-shallow sea shelf. During the Taiyuan period,the range of the shallow sea shelf sedimentation in the eastern part reduced. During the Shanxi to the Zhifang period,the depositional systems were dominated by the delta and shallow lake deposits,with the depocenters considerably varied in different periods. In the Late Triassic Yanchang period-Cretaceous,lake deposits,as well as deposits of meandering rivers,braided rivers,and deltas dominated. The maximum lake transgression occurred in the Chang 7 period. During the Fuxian to the Anding period,the meandering river,delta,and shallow lakes deposits were developed. The depocenter of the shallow lakes varied significantly in different periods,and the deep lake sediments occurred in the Anding period. During the Fenfanghe period,the alluvial fan deposits dominated. In the Cretaceous,the depocenter became smaller and is characterized by dominant desert and shallow lake deposits.
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