Characteristics and evolution of the Cambrian lithofacies palaeogeography of Jizhong Depression,Bohai Bay Basin
Yan Wei1, Jin Zhen-Kui1, Chen Jun-Nian2, Yang Tian-Bo1
1 College of Geosciences,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249,China; 2 Exploration & Development Research Institute of Liaohe Oilfield,PetroChina,Liaoning Panjin 124010,China
Abstract：The Jizhong Depression located within western of the Bohai Bay Basin is a Mesozoic-Cenozoic sedimentary depression developed on the North China Platform. The Cambrian strata are well preserved in the depression,and mainly consists of marine carbonate rocks. Based on the correlation of outcrops and wells of the Cambrian age,the stratigraphic framework in the depression is established. Studies of single well facies,seismic facies, and well cross￣section facies indicate that tectonic activity was weak during the Cambrian in the Jizhong Depression,and the difference in stratigraphic thickness between different areas is small. Through outcrop measurements,core observations and sample analyses,the relative proportion of each lithology is calculated,and three types of sedimentary facies including platform,gentle slope, and shelf facies are identified. Five subfacies types, i.e., the tidal flat,the restricted platform,the open platform,the oolitic bank, and the flat-pebble conglomerate bank are recognized. The tidal flats are further classified into mudstone flat,dolostone flat,dolomitic limestone flat,limestone flat. Based on the analysis of each lithofacies type,the depositional model of the Cambrian strata in the Jizhong Depression was established,and nine lithofacies palaeogeographic maps were compiled. Palaeogeographic reconstructions suggest that the initial transgression developed in the Fujunshan age,and the restricted platform and the tidal flat formed in the northern part of the Jizhong Depression. During the Mantou age and Maozhuang age,the scope of transgression gradually expanded,and the mudstone flat was developed;in the Xuzhuang age,the tidal flat and the oolitic bank coexisted,and the sea level reached the highest during the Zhangxia age. At the beginning of the Gushan age,the sea level fell and the tidal flat reappeared. In the Changshan age and Fengshan age,the regression continued,and the flat-pebble conglomerate bank,dolostone flat,and limestone flat were developed.
Yan Wei,Jin Zhen-Kui,Chen Jun-Nian et al. Characteristics and evolution of the Cambrian lithofacies palaeogeography of Jizhong Depression,Bohai Bay Basin[J]. JOPC, 2019, 21(3): 407-421.
[1] 北京市地质矿产局. 1991. 北京市区域地质. 北京: 地质出版社, 131-132. [Beijing Geological Bureau.1991. Regional Geology of Beijing Municipality. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 131-132] [2] 陈启林,白云来,黄勇,马玉虎,刘晓光,魏立华,完颜容,韩晓峰. 2012. 鄂尔多斯盆地寒武纪层序岩相古地理. 石油学报,33(S2): 82-94. [Chen Q L,Bai Y L,Huang Y,Ma Y H,Liu X G,Wei L H,Wanyan R,Han X F.2012. Sequence lithofacies palaeogeography of the Cambrian in Ordos Basin,China. Acta Petrolei Sinica,33(S2): 82-94] [3] 杜圣贤,张瑞华,张贵丽,张俊波,陈雪梅. 2007. 山东张夏—崮山地区华北寒武系标准剖面上寒武统研究新进展. 山东国土资源, 23(10): 1-6,14. [Du S X,Zhang R H,Zhang G L,Zhang J B,Chen X M.2007. New developement of study on lower part of Cambrian in Cambrian Standard Profile in Zhangxia-Gushan Area in Shandong Province. Land & Resources in Shandong Province, 23(10): 1-6,14] [4] 杜金虎,邹才能,徐春春,何海清,沈平,杨跃明,李亚林,魏国齐,汪泽成,杨雨. 2014. 川中古隆起龙王庙组特大型气田战略发现与理论技术创新. 石油勘探与开发, 41(3): 268-277. [Du J H,Zou C N,Xu C C,He H Q,Shen P,Yang Y M,Li Y L,Wei G Q,Wang Z C,Yang Y.2014. Theoretical and technical innovations in strategic discovery of a giant gas field in Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation of Central Sichuan Paleo-uplift,Sichuan Basin. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 41(3): 268-277] [5] 杜金虎,邹伟宏,费宝生,雷怀玉,张凤藻,张以明. 2002. 冀中坳陷古潜山复式油气聚集区. 北京: 科学出版社, 242-243. [Du J H,Zou W H,Fei B S,Lei H Y,Zhang F Z,Zhang Y M.2002. Complex oil-gas accumulation combination of buried hill in Jizhong Depression. Beijing: Science Press, 242-243] [6] 冯增昭. 1990. 华北地台早古生代岩相古地理. 北京: 地质出版社, 75-81. [Feng Z Z.1990. Lithofacies Paleogeography of Early Paleozoic of North China Platform. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 75-81] [7] 冯增昭. 2004. 单因素分析多因素综合作图法: 定量岩相古地理重建. 古地理学报, 6(1): 3-19. [Feng Z Z.2004. Single factor analysis and multifactor comprehensive mapping method-reconstruction of quantitative lithofacies palaeogeography. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition), 6(1): 3-19] [8] 冯增昭. 2016. 论古地理图. 古地理学报, 18(3): 285-314. [Feng Z Z.2016. On palaeogeographic map. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition), 18(3): 285-314] [9] 葛铭,孟祥化,Tucker M E.1995. 长山期最大海泛事件及洲际模式研究. 科学通报, 40(9): 818-821. [Ge M,Meng X H,Tucker M E.1995. The maximum flooding event of changshan age and its intercontinental model. Chinese Science Bulletin, 40(9): 818-821] [10] 何登发,崔永谦,张煜颖,单帅强,肖阳,张传宝,周从安,高园. 2017. 渤海湾盆地冀中坳陷古潜山的构造成因类型. 岩石学报, 33(4): 1338-1356. [He D F,Cui Y Q,Zhang Y Y,Shan S Q,Xiao Y,Zhang C B,Zhou C A,Gao Y.2017. Structural genetic types of paleoburied hill in Jizhong depression,Bohai Bay Basin. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 33(4): 1338-1356] [11] 胡方杰,张殿伟,田海芹. 2014. 川北秦岭地区震旦—寒武纪岩相古地理研究新认识. 沉积学报, 32(1): 1-7. [Hu F J,Zhang D W,Tian H Q.2014. New views on the lithofacies palaeogeography of Northern Sichuan Basin and Qinling Area during the Sinian-Cambrian. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 32(1): 1-7] [12] 金丽娜,单新,王喆,王睿. 2016. 北京西山中寒武统层序发育与控制因素. 海洋地质前沿, 32(12): 1-9. [Jin L N,Shan X,Wang Z,Wang R.2016. Progress on sequence stratigraphy of the middle Cambrian in Beijing Western Mountain. Marine Geology Frontiers, 32(12): 1-9] [13] 金振奎,石良,高白水,余宽宏. 2013. 碳酸盐岩沉积相及相模式. 沉积学报, 31(6): 965-979. [Jin Z K,Shi L,Gao B S,Yu K H.2013. Carbonate facies and facies models. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 31(6): 965-979] [14] 景宇轩,刘建波,闫振,孙永超,许振清. 2015. 利用风暴沉积类型恢复海平面变化: 以北京西山下苇甸剖面寒武纪中晚期风暴沉积为例. 古地理学报, 17(5): 653-668. [Jing Y X,Liu J B,Yan Z,Sun Y C,Xu Z Q.2015. Reconstructing sea-level changes from types of storm deposits: An example of the Middle and Late Cambrian at Xiaweidian section of Western Hills,Beijing. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition), 17(5): 653-668] [15] 康世龙,邵龙义,易琦,赵晓峰,许文茂,鲁静. 2016. 京西下苇甸地区寒武系岩石特征及沉积环境研究. 中国煤炭地质, 28(6): 1-8. [Kang S L,Shao L Y,Yi Q,Zhao X F,Xu W M,Lu J.2016. Study on Cambrian petrology and sedimentary environment in Xiaweidian Area,Western Beijing. Coal Geology of China, 28(6): 1-8] [16] 李文厚,陈强,李智超,王若谷,王妍,马瑶. 2012. 鄂尔多斯地区早古生代岩相古地理. 古地理学报, 14(1): 85-100. [Li W H,Chen Q,Li Z C,Wang R G,Wang Y,Ma Y.2012. Lithofacies palaeogeography of the Early Paleozoic in Ordos area. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition), 14(1): 85-100] [17] 廖建波,陈启林,李智勇,王菁,刘广林,完颜容. 2016. 鄂尔多斯南缘下寒武统烃源岩的发现与意义. 中国矿业大学学报, 45(3): 527-534. [Liao J B,Chen Q L,Li Z Y,Wang J,Liu G L,Wanyan R.2016. Discovery and significance of hydrocarbon source rocks in the Lower Cambrian at the southern margin of Ordos Basin. Journal of China University of Mining and Technology, 45(3): 527-534] [18] 栾守亮,陈世悦,马玉新,杨怀宇. 2013. 华北地台南部地区寒武系沉积特征. 中国石油大学胜利学院学报, 27(1): 3-6. [Luan S L,Chen S Y,Ma Y X,Yang H Y.2013. Sedimentary characteristics of Cambrian in Southern Region of North China Platform. Journal of Shengli College of China University of Petroleum, 27(1): 3-6] [19] 马杏垣,吴正文,谭应佳,郝春荣. 1979. 华北地台基底构造. 地质学报, 1(4): 293-304. [Ma X Y,Wu Z W,Tan Y J,Hao C R.1979. Tectonics of the North China Platform Basement. Acta Geological Sinica, 1(4): 293-304] [20] 马永生,梅冥相,周润轩,杨文. 2017. 层序地层框架下的鲕粒滩形成样式: 以北京西郊下苇甸剖面寒武系第三统为例. 岩石学报, 33(4): 1021-1036. [Ma Y S,Mei M X,Zhou R X,Yang W.2017. Forming patterns for the oolitic bank within the sequence-stratigraphic framework: An example from the Cambrian Series 3 at the Xiaweidian section in the Western Suburb of Beijing. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 33(4): 1021-1036] [21] 梅冥相. 2011. 华北寒武系二级海侵背景下的沉积趋势及层序地层序列: 以北京西郊下苇甸剖面为例. 中国地质, 38(2): 317-337. [Mei M X.2011. Depositional trends and sequence-stratigraphic successions under the Cambrian second-order transgressive setting in the North China Platform: A case study of the Xiaweidian section in the western suburb of Beijing. Geology in China, 38(2): 317-337] [22] 梅冥相,郭荣涛,胡媛. 2011. 北京西郊下苇甸剖面寒武系崮山组叠层石生物丘的沉积组构. 岩石学报, 27(8): 2473-2486. [Mei M X,Guo R T,Hu Y.2011. Sedimentary fabrics for the stromatolitic bioherm of the Cambrian Gushan Formation at the Xiaweidian section in the western suburb of Beijing. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 27(8): 2473-2486] [23] 梅冥相,刘丽,胡媛. 2015. 北京西郊寒武系凤山组叠层石生物层. 地质学报, 89(2): 440-460. [Mei M X,Liu L,Hu Y.2015. Stromatolitic biostrome of the Cambrian Fengshan Formation at the Xiaweidian Section in the Western Suburb of Beijing,North China. Acta Geologica Sinica, 89(2): 440-460] [24] 孟祥化,葛铭,Tucker M E.1996. 中国晚寒武世长山期最大海泛事件及其全球对比意义. 地质学报, 2(2): 108-120,195. [Meng X H,Ge M,Tucker M E.1996. Changshanian maximum sea flooding events and their global correlation. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2(2): 108-120,195] [25] 倪胜利. 2017. 北京西郊下苇甸剖面寒武系叠层石中的底栖鲕粒: 基本特征和重要意义. 地质通报,36(z1): 485-491. [Ni S L.2017. The benthic oolite within the stromatolitic bioherm of the Cambrian strata at the Xiaweidian section in the western suburb of Beijing: Essential features and important significance. Geological Bulletin of China,36(z1): 485-491] [26] 乔秀夫,高林志. 1990. 北京西山寒武系层序地层. 中国地质科学院地质研究所所刊, 22: 1-7. [Qiao X F,Gao L Z.1990. On study of the sequence stratigraphy of Cambrian,Western Hills,Beijing. Bulletin of the Institute of Geology of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 22: 1-7] [27] 苏德辰,孙爱萍,郑桂森,吕金波,郭荣涛. 2013. 北京西山寒武系滑塌构造的初步研究. 地质学报, 87(8): 1067-1075. [Su D C,Sun A P,Zheng G S,Lü J B,Guo R T.2013. A preliminary research on the slump structures in Cambrian System in the Western Hills of Beijing. Acta Geologica Sinica, 87(8): 1067-1075] [28] 王龙,吴海,张瑞,李昌伟. 2018. 碳酸盐台地的类型、特征和沉积模式: 兼论华北地台寒武纪陆表海—淹没台地的沉积样式. 地质论评, 64(1): 62-76. [Wang L,Wu H,Zhang R,Li C W.2018. The types,characteristics and depositional models of carbonate platform: Implications for Cambrian sedimentary patterns of epeiric-drowned carbonate platform in North China. Geological Review, 64(1): 62-76] [29] 王英华,张秀莲,杨承运. 1989. 华北地台早古生代碳酸盐岩岩石学. 北京: 地震出版社, 9-10. [Wang Y H,Zhang X L,Yang C Y.1989. Petrology on Early Paleozoic Carbonate from North China. Beijing: Seismological Press, 9-10] [30] 王宗起,丁孝忠. 1990. 北京西山昌平组成因地层学研究. 中国地质科学院地质研究所所刊, 22: 8-22. [Wang Z Q,Ding X Z.1990. Origin stratigraphy of the lower Cambrian Changping Formation in the Wstern Hills,Beijing. Bulletin of the Institute of Geology of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 22: 8-22] [31] 邢延路,冯李强. 2015. 北京西山下苇甸剖面寒武系徐庄组鲕粒研究. 古地理学报, 17(4): 517-528. [Xing Y L,Feng L Q.2015. A study on ooids in limestones of the Cambrian Xuzhuang Formation at Xiaweidian outcrop in Western Hill of Beijing. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition), 17(4): 517-528] [32] 余宽宏,畅通,邱隆伟,孙沛沛. 2015. 华北地台早古生代竹叶状灰岩岩石特征及成因研究进展. 沉积学报, 33(6): 1111-1125. [Yu K H,Chang T,Qiu L W,Sun P P.2015. Research development of flat-pebble conglomerate characteristics and their origin in Early Paleozoic North China Platform. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 33(6): 1111-1125] [33] 张春林,张福东,朱秋影,刘锐娥,辛铭. 2017. 鄂尔多斯克拉通盆地寒武纪古构造与岩相古地理再认识. 石油与天然气地质, 38(2): 281-291. [Zhang C L,Zhang F D,Zhu Q Y,Liu R E,Xin M.2017. New understanding of the Cambrian palaeotectonic and lithofacies palaeogeography in the Ordos Craton Basin. Oil & Gas Geology, 38(2): 281-291] [34] 赵贤正,金凤鸣,王权,韩春元,董雄英. 2014. 冀中坳陷隐蔽深潜山及潜山内幕油气藏的勘探发现与认识. 中国石油勘探,19(1): 10-21. [Zhao X Z,Jin F M,Wang Q,Han C Y,Dong X Y.2014. Exploration and discovery of subtle deep buried hill and buried hill innercurtain hydrocarbon reservoir in Jizhong Sag. China Petroleum Exploration, 19(1): 10-21] [35] 赵越,翟明国,陈虹,张拴宏. 2017. 华北克拉通及相邻造山带古生代—侏罗纪早期大地构造演化. 中国地质, 44(1): 44-60. [Zhao Y,Zhai M G,Chen H,Zhang S H.2017. Paleozoic-early Jurassic tectonic evolution of North China Craton and its adjacent orogenic belts. Geology in China, 44(1): 44-60] [36] 朱传庆,罗杨,杨帅,李金武,陈建强. 2009. 北京西山寒武系层序地层. 中国地质, 36(1): 120-130. [Zhu C Q,Luo Y,Yang S,Li J W,Chen J Q.2009. Sequence stratigraphy of Cambrian in Western Hills,Beijing. Geology in China, 36(1): 120-130] [37] 邹才能,杜金虎,徐春春,汪泽成,张宝民,魏国齐,王铜山,姚根顺,邓胜徽,刘静江,周慧,徐安娜,杨智,姜华,谷志东. 2014. 四川盆地震旦系—寒武系特大型气田形成分布、资源潜力及勘探发现. 石油勘探与开发, 41(3): 278-293. [Zou C N,Du J H,Xu C C,Wang Z C,Zhang B M,Wei G Q,Wang T S,Yao G S,Deng S H,Liu J J,Zhou H,Xu A N,Yang Z,Jiang H,Gu Z D.2014,Formation,distribution,resource potential and discovery of the Sinian-Cambrian giant gas field,Sichuan Basin,SW China. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 41(3): 278-293] [38] 邹伟宏,张放,崔占堂. 2001. 冀中油气区中元古: 古生界及沉积环境. 北京: 石油工业出版社, 150-159. [Zou W H,Zhang F,Cui Z T.2001. The Mesoproterozoic-Paleozoic and Its Sedimentary Environment of the Jizhong Petroliferous Area. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 150-159] [39] Chough S K,Lee H S,Woo J,Chen J,Choi D K,Lee S B,Kang I,Park T Y,Han Z.2010. Cambrian stratigraphy of the North China Platform: Revisiting principal sections in Shandong Province,China. Geosciences Journal, 14(3): 235-268. [40] Ding Y,Bai Z Q,Liu J B,Han Z Z.2008. Multiple origins for flat-pebble limestones and sedimentary environments of the Upper Cambrian Gushan Formation at Tangwangzhai in Shandong Province (in English). Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition), 10(2): 125-138. [41] Feng Z Z,Zheng X J,Bao Z D,Jin Z K,Wu S H,He Y B,Peng Y M,Yang Y Q,Zhang J Q,Zhang Y S,Wang Y.2014. Quantitative lithofacies palaeogeography. Journal of Palaeogeography, 3(1): 1-34.
