Sedimentary facies of the Member 1 of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in Zizhou area of Ordos Basin and the development of mouth bar in shallow-water delta
Li Yuan1, Zhang Yuan-Fu1,2, Wang Tong3, Zhang Qing4, Wang Min5, Li Rui-Zhi1, Yuan Xiao-Dong1
1 School of Energy Resources,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China; 2 Institute of Scientific Research,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China; 3 Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute,SINOPEC,Beijing 100083,China; 4 Research Institute of Exploration and Development, PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company,Xi’an 710018,China; 5 PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development,Beijing 100083,China
Abstract：During the depositional period of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation,the Ordos Basin was a large depression basin with gentle slope,shallow water and stable tectonic activity, and is conducive to the formation of shallow-water delta. Through field outcrop observation, it is found that the shallow-water delta was developed in Dalihe section in Zizhou area of the Ordos Basin,and mouth bars were developed in shallow-water delta front deposits. Three upward-coarsening cycles with finer lower part and coarser upper part were observed in the mouth bar, and the thickness of argillaceous interlayers in each cycle increased upward, which indicates that during the formation of the mouth bar, the accommodation space increased upward. We summarized development of mouth bar in shallow-water deltas and believed that the formation of mouth bar is jointly controlled by accommodation space and sediment supply: (1) In the case that the accommodation space is increasing, the formation of mouth bar is determined by the amount of sediment supply. If a certain amount of sediment supply exists, then mouth bars formed in a retrogradation pattern. (2) In the case that the accommodation space is decreasing, the formation of mouth bar is determined by the remaining accommodation space. If the remaining accommodation space exists, then mouth bars formed in a progradation pattern. (3) Mouth bars do not develop if there is no accommodation space. The development of mouth bar in the Member 1 of Yangchang Formation in Zizhou area of the Ordos Basin belongs to the first case.
Li Yuan,Zhang Yuan-Fu,Wang Tong et al. Sedimentary facies of the Member 1 of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in Zizhou area of Ordos Basin and the development of mouth bar in shallow-water delta[J]. JOPC, 2019, 21(5): 757-766.
[1] 陈全红,李文厚,高永祥,郭艳琴,冯娟萍,张道峰,曹红霞,梁积伟. 2007. 鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组深湖沉积与油气聚集意义. 中国科学(D辑: 地球科学),37(S1): 39-48. [Chen Q H,Li W H,Gao Y X,Guo Y Q,Feng J P,Zhang D F,Cao H X,Liang J W.2007. Significance of deep lake sedimentation and hydrocarbon accumulation in Yanchang Formation of the Upper Triassic in Ordos Basin. Science in China (Series D: Earth Sciences),37(S1): 39-48] [2] 代婷婷,何文祥,车桥,毛俊,吴晓明. 2017. 三角洲前缘储层构型及对剩余油分布的影响: 以鄂尔多斯盆地白豹油田为例. 石油地质与工程, 31(6): 69-73,128. [Dai T T,He W X,Che Q,Mao J,Wu X M.2017. Reservoir architectures and the impact on remaining oil distribution of delta front: A case study on Baibao oilfield in Ordos Basin. Petroleum Geology and Engineering, 31(6): 69-73,128] [3] 邸领军. 2003. 鄂尔多斯盆地基底演化及沉积盖层相关问题的控究. 西北大学博士学位论文,125-129. [Di L J.2003. Research on Related Problems of Basement Evolution and Sedimentary Cover in Ordos Basin. Doctoral Dissertation of Northwest University,125-129] [4] 范璎宁,李胜利,梁星如,杜新江,崔刚,徐丽强. 2017. 浅水湖泊河口坝型三角洲前缘沉积特征与模式: 以文安斜坡西5井区沙河街组三段为例. >东北石油大学学报, 41(4): 43-52,98,6-7. [Fan Y N,Li S L,Liang X R,Du X J,Cui G,Xu L Q.2017. Sedimentary characteristics and pattern of the mouth-bar delta front in shallow lacustrine: A case of the 3rd member of Shahejie Formation in the well X5 area in Wen’an Slope of Baxian. Journal of Northeast Petroleum University, 41(4): 43-52,98,6-7] [5] 封从军,赵逸,贾鹏,颜佩丽. 2013. 浅水湖盆三角洲储层构型模式探讨. 地质科学, 48(4): 1234-1245. [Feng C J,Zhao Y,Jia P,Yan P L.2013. Reservoir architecture model of shallow lacustrine delta. Chinese Journal of Geology, 48(4): 1234-1245] [6] 付金华,郭正权,邓秀芹. 2005. 鄂尔多斯盆地西南地区上三叠统延长组沉积相及石油地质意义. 古地理学报, 7(1): 34-44. [Fu J H,Guo Z Q,Deng X Q.2005. Sedimentary facies of the Yanchang Formation of the Upper Triassic and petroleum geological implication in the southwestern Ordos Basin. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition), 7(1): 34-44] [7] 韩永林,王成玉,王海红,李士春,郑荣才,王昌勇,廖一. 2009. 姬塬地区长8油层组浅水三角洲沉积特征. 沉积学报, 27(6): 1057-1064. [Han Y L,Wang C Y,Wang H H,Li S C,Zheng R C,Wang C Y,Liao Y.2009. Sedimentary characteristics of the shallow-water deltas in Chang-8 subsection of Yanchang formation,Jiyuan area. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 27(6): 1057-1064] [8] 李慧琼,蒲仁海,王大兴,赵玉华,张杰,赵德勇. 2014. 鄂尔多斯盆地延长组地震前积反射的地质意义. 石油地球物理勘探, 49(5): 985-996,823. [Li H Q,Pu R H,Wang D X,Zhao Y H,Zhang J,Zhao D Y.2014. Progradational reflection from lacustrine Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin,China. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 49(5): 985-996,823] [9] 刘自亮,沈芳,朱筱敏,廖纪佳,张修强,孟昊. 2015. 浅水三角洲研究进展与陆相湖盆实例分析. 石油与天然气地质, 36(4): 596-604. [Liu Z L,Shen F,Zhu X M,Liao J J,Zhang X Q,Meng W.2015. Progress of shallow-water delta research and a case study of continental lake basin. Oil & Gas Geology, 36(4): 596-604] [10] 楼章华,袁笛,金爱民. 2004. 松辽盆地北部浅水三角洲前缘砂体类型、特征与沉积动力学过程分析. 浙江大学学报(理学版), 31(2): 211-215. [Lou Z G,Yuan D,Jin A M.2004. Types,characteristics of sandbodies in shallow-water deltafront and sedimentary models in Northern Songliao Basin,China. Journal of Zhejiang University(Science Edition), 31(2): 211-215] [11] 梅志超,林晋炎. 1991. 湖泊三角洲的地层模式和骨架砂体的特征. 沉积学报, 9(4): 1-8. [Mei Z C,Lin J Y.1991. Stratigraphic pattern and character of skeletal sandbodies in lacustrine deltas. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 9(4): 1-8] [12] 王起琮. 2005. 安塞—子长地区延长组长1、2段沉积体系与成藏组合研究. 西北大学博士学位论文,37-48. [Wang Q C.2005. Research on Depositional System and Pool-Forming Assemblages of the Chang 1 and Chang 2Members of the Yanchang Formation from Ansai-Zichang Area in the Ordos Basin. Doctoral Dissertation of Northwest University,37-48] [13] 杨俊杰. 2002. 鄂尔多斯盆地构造演化与油气分布规律. 北京: 石油工业出版社,35-129. [Yang J J.2002. Tectonic Evolution and Hydrocarbon Distribution in the Ordos Basin. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press,35-129] [14] 赵俊峰,屈红军,林晋炎,刘祥,杨扬,林川. 2014. 湖泊三角洲沉积露头精细解剖: 以鄂尔多斯盆地裴庄剖面为例. 沉积学报, 32(6): 1026-1034. [Zhao J F,Qu H J,Lin J Y,Liu X,Yang Y,Lin C.2014. Outcrop-based anatomy of a lacustrine delta succession: A case study from Peizhuang section,Ordos Basin. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 32(6): 1026-1034] [15] 朱伟林,李建平,周心怀,郭永华. 2008. 渤海新近系浅水三角洲沉积体系与大型油气田勘探. 沉积学报, 26(4): 575-582. [Zhu W L,Li J P,Zhou X H,Guo Y H.2008. Neogene shallow water deltaic system and large hydrocarbon accumulations in Bohai Bay,China. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 26(4): 575-582] [16] 朱筱敏,赵东娜,曾洪流,孙玉,朱如凯,黄薇,朱世发. 2013a. 松辽盆地齐家地区青山口组浅水三角洲沉积特征及其地震沉积学响应. 沉积学报, 31(5): 889-897. [Zhu X M,Zhao D N,Zeng H L,Sun Y,Zhu R K,Huang W,Zhu S F.2013a. Sedimentary characteristics and seismic sedimentary response of shallow-water delta of Qingshankou Formation in Qijia area,Songliao Basin. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 31(5): 889-897] [17] 朱筱敏,邓秀芹,刘自亮,孙勃,廖纪佳,惠潇. 2013b. 大型坳陷湖盆浅水辫状河三角洲沉积特征及模式: 以鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区延长组为例. 地学前缘, 20(2): 19-28. [Zhu X M,Deng X Q,Liu Z L,Sun B,Liao J J,Hui X.2013b. Sedimentary characteristics and model of shallow braided delta in large-scale lacustrine: An example from Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin. Earth Science Frontiers, 20(2): 19-28] [18] 朱永进,尹太举,刘玲利. 2011. 浅水型三角洲沉积研究进展及问题讨论. 石油天然气学报, 33(3): 22-26, 165. [Zhu Y J,Yin T J,Liu L L.2011. Progress and discussion on shallow-water delta sediment. Journal of Oil and Gas Technology, 33(3): 22-26,165] [19] 邹才能,赵文智,张兴阳,罗平,王岚,刘柳红,薛叔浩,袁选俊,朱如凯,陶士振. 2008. 大型敞流坳陷湖盆浅水三角洲与湖盆中心砂体的形成与分布. 地质学报, 82(6): 813-825. [Zou C N,Zhao W Z,Zhang X Y,Luo P,Wang W,Liu L H,Xue S H,Yuan X J,Zhu R K,Tao S Z.2008. Formation and distribution of shallow-water deltas and central-basin sandbodies in large open depression lake basins. Acta Geologica Sinica, 82(6): 813-825] [20] Cross T A.1994. High-resolution stratigraphic correlation from the perspective of base-level cycles and sediment accommodation. In: Proceedings of Northwestern European Sequence Stratigraphy Congress. 105-123. [21] Fisk H N.1954. Sedimentary framework of the modern Mississippi Delta. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 24(2): 76-99. [22] Ganil M R,Bhattacharya J P.2007. Basic building blocks and process variability of a Cretaceous delta: Internal facies architecture reveals a more dynamic interaction of river,wave,and tidal processes than is indicated by external shape. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 77(4): 284-302. [23] Hoy R G,Ridgway K D.2003. Sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy of fan-delta and river-delta deposystems,Pennsylvanian Minturn Formation,Colorado. AAPG Bulletin, 87(7): 1169-1191. [24] Olariu C,Bhattacharya J P.2006. Terminal distributary channels and delta front architecture of river-dominated delta systems. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 76(2): 212-233. [25] Postma G.1990. An analysis of the variation in delta architecture. Terra Nova, 2(2): 124-130. [26] Van Den Bergh T C V,Garrison J R.2004. Effects of changes in rate of sedimentation and relative change in sea-level on the geometry,architecture,and sedimentology of fluvial and deltaic sandstones within the Upper Ferron Sandstone Last Chance Delta,East-Central Utah: Implications for reservoir modeling. Studies in Geology, 50: 451-498. [27] Zhang L,Bao Z D,Lin Y B,Chen Y M,Lin X H,Dou L X,Kong B.2017. Genetic types and sedimentary model of sandbodies in a shallow-water delta: A case study of the first Member of Cretaceous Yaojia Formation in Qian’an area,south of Songliao Basin,NE China. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 44(5): 770-779.
