Abstract The TH12402 well area of the Tahe oilfield that is located in silurian overlying area is characterized by typical paleokarst fractured-cave reservoirs. It is one of the main production and construction sites of the Ordovician in the northwest of Tahe oilfield. Based on 3D seismic data,well logging data and drilling data and pickup technique of seismic attribute,the karst development conditions and reservoir development characteristics of the Lower Ordovician in this area were studied,and the dominant factors and development patterns of karst caves were illustrated. The result shows that the TH12402 well area is located in the south wing of a secondary nose-like structure oriented in the NW direction. This area records the karstification during the third phase of the Middle Caledonian,where the karst landform is mainly composed of low-relief dissolved hills and depressions,the surface water system extends from north to south without abundant branch water system. The karst reservoir space is composed of large maze karst caves and separated single caves that are unfilled,which are mainly located at 40~100m under the unconformity. Strike faults approximately oriented in WE direction,secondary nose-like structure and pinch-out lines of the Upper Ordovician together catrolled the development of paleokarst caves. A karst cave pattern is established considering the influence of strike faults on water concentration in areas within relatively flat karst landforms. These results provide a theoretical basis for paleokarst reservoir prediction and well location deployment in other well regions with similar conditions.
Fund:Co-founded by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No. XDA14010302)and Key Technology Demonstration Project for EOR of Carbonate Oil and Gas Field in the Tarim Basin(No.2016ZX05053)
Corresponding Authors:
Li Xing-Juan,born in 1984,is an engineer of SINOPEC Northwest Oilfield Company. She is mainly engaged in the development of carbonate fracture-cavity reservoirs. E-mail: 63027743@qq.com.
About author: Jiang Ying-Bing,born in 1987,is a senior engineer of SINOPEC Northwest Oilfield Company. He is mainly engaged in the development of carbonate fracture-cavity reservoirs. E-mail: jiangyb.xbsj@sinopec.com.
Cite this article:
Jiang Ying-Bing,Li Xing-Juan. Development model of paleokarst caves in the Middle-Lower Ordovician of TH12402 well area in Tahe oilfield,Tarim Basin[J]. JOPC, 2021, 23(4): 824-836.
Jiang Ying-Bing,Li Xing-Juan. Development model of paleokarst caves in the Middle-Lower Ordovician of TH12402 well area in Tahe oilfield,Tarim Basin[J]. JOPC, 2021, 23(4): 824-836.
[1] 蔡忠贤,张恒,漆立新,云露,曹自成,沙旭光. 2020. 塔里木盆地中—下奥陶统岩溶水文地貌结构类型及特征. 石油学报, 41(1): 49-64. [Cai Z X,Zhang H,Qi L X,Yun L,Cao Z C,Sha X G.2020. Types and characteristics of karst hydrogeomorphologic architecture in the Middle-Lower Ordovician,Tarim Basin. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 41(1): 49-64] [2] 邓兴梁,张庆玉,梁彬,淡永,李景瑞,郝彦珍. 2015. 塔中Ⅱ区奥陶系鹰山组岩溶古地貌恢复方法研究. 中国岩溶, 34(2): 154-158. [Deng X L,Zhang Q Y,Liang B,Dan Y,Li J R,Hao Y Z.2015. Reconstruction of karst palaeogeomorphology for the Ordovician Yingshan formation in the central Tarim Basin. Carsologica Sinica, 34(2): 154-158] [3] 冯海霞,李树新,陈冬梅,和虎,周彩虹. 2010. 新疆西克尔地区下奥陶统鹰山组岩溶分带性研究. 现代地质, 24(6): 1065-1071. [Feng H X,Li S X,Chen D M,He H,Zhou C H.2010. The study of karst zonation in Yingshan Formation of Lower Ordovician in Xikeer,Xinjiang. Geoscience, 24(6): 1065-1071] [4] 郭川,田亮,鲍典. 2016. 塔河油田12区奥陶系油藏东部区域岩溶古河道识别及其意义. 石油地质与工程, 30(1): 26-31. [Guo C,Tian L,Bao D.2016. Regional karst old channel identification and its significance of eastern Ordovician reservoir of block-12 in Tahe oilfield. Petroleum Geology and Engineering, 30(1): 26-31] [5] 韩长城,林承焰,任丽华,鲁新便,魏婷,张宪国. 2016. 塔里木盆地塔河10区奥陶系断裂特征及对岩溶储层的控制作用. 天然气地球科学, 27(5): 790-798. [Han C C,Lin C Y,Ren L H,Lu X B,Wei T,Zhang X G.2016. Characteristics of Ordovician fault in the Block 10 of Tahe Oilfield,Tarim Basin and its controlling effect on karst reservoirs. Natural Gas Geoscience, 27(5): 790-798] [6] 韩剑发,韩杰,江杰,张敏,刘炜博. 2013. 中国海相油气田勘探实例之十五塔里木盆地塔中北斜坡鹰山组凝析气田的发现与勘探. 海相油气地质, 18(3): 70-78. [Han J F,Han J,Jiang J,Zhang M,Liu W B.2013. Cases of discovery and exploration of marine fields in China,Part 15: Ordovician Yingshan condensate gas field in north slope of Tazhong uplift,Tarim basin. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology, 18(3): 70-78] [7] 和虎,冯海霞,蔡忠贤. 2014. 巴楚隆起先巴扎三维区鹰山组岩溶特征及成因. 油气地质与采收率, 21(5): 22-26. [He H,Feng H X,Cai Z X.2014. Karst characteristic and origin analysis for Yingshan Formation in Xianbazha 3D area of the Bachu uplift. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency, 21(5): 22-26] [8] 胡华锋,鲍典,马灵伟,胡起. 2018. 基于高频衰减梯度的碳酸盐岩溶洞储集体规模识别方法: 以塔河油田岩溶古河道溶洞储集体为例. 石油物探, 57(6): 102-111. [Hu H F,Bao D,Ma L W,Hu Q.2018. Scale characterization of carbonate karst cave reservoirs based on high-frequency attenuation gradient: a case study from karst paleochannels reservoirs in Tahe Oilfield,China. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum, 57(6): 102-111] [9] 黄太柱. 2014. 塔里木盆地玉北地区断裂系统解析. 石油与天然气地质, 35(1): 98-106. [Huang T Z.2014. Analysis on the fault system of Yubei region,Tarim Basin. Oil & Gas Geology, 35(1): 98-106] [10] 焦方正. 2018. 塔里木盆地顺北特深碳酸盐岩断溶体油气藏发现意义与前景. 石油与天然气地质, 39(2): 207-216. [Jiao F Z.2018. Significance and prospect of ultra-deep carbonate fault-karst reservoirs in Shunbei area,Tarim Basin. Oil & Gas Geology, 39(2): 207-216] [11] 康玉柱. 2005. 中国海相油气田勘探实例之四:塔里木盆地塔河油田的发现与勘探. 海相油气地质, 10(4): 31-38. [Kang Y Z.2005. Cases of discovery and exploration of marine fields in China(Part 4): Tahe Oilfield in Tarim basin. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology, 10(4): 31-38] [12] 康志宏,戎意民,魏历灵,李雪,陈夷,陈琳. 2014. 塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩岩溶储集体类型及划分方法研究. 现代地质, 28(5): 986-994. [Kang Z H,Rong Y M,Wei L L,Li X,Chen Y,Chen L.2014. Approach to karst reservoir types and classification of Ordovician carbonate in Tahe Oilfield. Geoscience, 28(5): 986-994] [13] 李阳. 2016. 塔河油田奥陶系岩溶分带及缝洞结构特征. 石油学报, 37(3): 289-298. [Li Y.2016. Karst zonings and fracturecave structure characteristics of Ordovician reservoirs in Tahe oilfield,Tarim Basin. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 37(3): 289-298] [14] 李源,蔡忠贤. 2016. 塔里木盆地塔河油田主体区海西早期岩溶台面划分及洞穴层对比. 古地理学报, 18(4): 560-568. [Li Y,Cai Z X.2016. Division of karst platform architecture and cave levels correlation in the early Hercynian,Tahe Oilfield,Tarim Basin. Journal of Palaeogeography (Chinese Edition), 18(4): 560-568] [15] 李源,鲁新便,蔡忠贤,张恒. 2016. 塔河油田海西早期古水文地貌特征及其对洞穴发育的控制. 石油学报, 37(8): 1011-1020. [Li Y,Lu X B,Cai Z X,Zhang H.2016. Hydrogeomorphologic characteristics and its controlling caves in Hercynian,Tahe Oilfield. Acta Petrolei Sinica,37(8): 1011-1020] [16] 李源,鲁新便,蔡忠贤,张恒,刘显凤. 2017. 塔里木盆地塔河油田岩溶峡谷区海西早期洞穴系统发育模式. 古地理学报, 19(2): 364-372. [Li Y,Lu X B,Cai Z X,Zhang H,Liu X F.2017. Development model of Hercynian cave system in karst canyon area of Tahe Oilfield,Tarim Basin. Journal of Palaeogeography (Chinese Edition), 19(2): 364-372] [17] 鲁新便,何成江,邓光校,鲍典. 2014. 塔河油田奥陶系油藏喀斯特古河道发育特征描述. 石油实验地质, 36(3): 268-274. [Lu X B,He C J,Deng G X,Bao D.2014. Development features of karst ancient river system in Ordovician reservoirs,Tahe Oil Field. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 36(3): 268-274] [18] 鲁新便,杨敏,汪彦,鲍典,曹飞,杨德彬. 2018. 塔里木盆地北部“层控”与“断控”型油藏特征: 以塔河油田奥陶系油藏为例. 石油实验地质, 40(4): 5-13. [Lu X B,Yang M,Wang Y,Bao D,Cao F,Yang D B.2018. Geological characteristics of‘strata-bound’and‘fault-controlled’ reservoirs in the northern Tarim Basin: taking the Ordovician reservoir in the Tahe Oil Field as an example. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 40(4): 5-13] [19] 卢志强,王力,杨瑞召,孟令彬,金圣林. 2018. 基于相干的精细断裂刻画技术在顺北地区的应用. 天然气勘探与开发, 41(3): 20-25. [Lu Z Q,Wang L,Yang R Z,Meng L B,Jin S L.2018. Coherence-based fine characterization technology for fractures and its application to Shunbei area. Natural Gas Exploration and Development, 41(3): 20-25] [20] 牛玉静,康志宏,龙旭,崔文彬. 2011. 塔河油田奥陶系岩溶油藏溶洞储集体成因及演化. 现代地质, 25(4): 650-659. [Niu Y J,Kang Z H,Long X,Cui W B.2011. Origin and evolution of Ordovician karst cave reservoir in Tahe Oilfield. Geoscience, 25(4): 650-659] [21] 商晓飞,段太忠,张文彪,程洪,刘彦锋. 2020. 断控岩溶主控的缝洞型碳酸盐岩内部溶蚀相带表征: 以塔河油田10区奥陶系油藏为例. 石油学报, 41(3): 329-341. [Shang X F,Duan T Z,Zhang W B,Cheng H,Liu Y F.2020. Characterization of dissolution facies belt in fracture-cavity carbonate rocks mainly controlled by fault-controlling karst: a case study of Ordovician reservoirs in the Block 10 of Tahe oilfield. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 41(3): 329-341] [22] 田亮,李佳玲,焦保雷. 2018. 塔河油田 12区奥陶系油藏溶洞充填机理及挖潜方向. 岩性油气藏, 30(3): 52-60. [Tian L,Li J L,Jiao B L.2018. Filling mechanism and potential tapping direction of Ordovician karst reservoirs in block-12 of Tahe Oilfield. Lithologic Reservoirs, 30(3): 52-60] [23] 王晓畅,张军,李军,胡松,孔强夫. 2017. 基于交会图决策树的缝洞体类型常规测井识别方法: 以塔河油田奥陶系为例. 石油与天然气地质, 38(4): 805-812. [Wang X C,Zhang J,Li J,Hu S,Kong Q F.2017. Conventional logging identification of fracture-vug complex types data based on crossplots-decision tree: a case study from the Ordovician in Tahe Oilfield,Tarim Basin. Oil & Gas Geology, 38(4): 805-812] [24] 王震,文欢,邓光校,丁维,王鑫. 2019. 塔河油田碳酸盐岩断溶体刻画技术研究与应用. 石油物探, 58(1): 149-154. [Wang Z,Wen H,Deng G X,Ding W,Wang X.2019. Fault-karst charaterization technology in the Tahe Oilfield,China. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum, 58(1): 149-154] [25] 徐微,蔡忠贤,林忠民,贾振远. 2012. 塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩油藏岩溶成因类型. 海相油气地质, 17(1): 66-72. [Xu W,Cai Z X,Lin Z M,Jia Z Y.2012. Karst genesis classification of Ordovician carbonate reservoir in Tahe Oilfield,Tarim Basin. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology, 17(1): 66-72] [26] 严威,王兴志,丁勇,吕海涛,刘存革. 2011. 塔河南部奥陶系海西早期岩溶的发现. 西南石油大学学报: 自然科学版, 33(3): 53-60. [Yan W,Wang X Z,Ding Y,Lü H T,Liu C G.2011. The Discovery and Characteristics of Covered-pressurization karst during early Hercynian in south Tahe oilfield. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science & Technology Edition), 33(3): 53-60] [27] 翟晓先,云露. 2008. 塔里木盆地塔河大型油田地质特征及勘探思路回顾. 石油与天然气地质, 29(5): 565-573. [Zhai X X,Yun L.2008. Geology of giant Tahe oilfield and a review of exploration thinking in the Tarim Basin. Oil & Gas Geology, 29(5): 565-573] [28] 翟晓先. 2011. 塔里木盆地塔河特大型油气田勘探实践与认识. 石油实验地质, 33(4): 323-331. [Zai X X.2011. Exploration practice and experience of Tahe giant oil and gas field,Tarim Basin. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 33(4): 323-331] [29] 张娟,鲍典,杨敏,何成江,邓光校,张慧涛. 2018. 塔河油田西部古暗河缝洞结构特征及控制因素. 油气地质与采收率, 25(4): 33-39. [Zhang J,Bao D,Yang M,He C J,Deng G X,Zhang H T.2018. Analysis on fracture-cave structure characteristics and its controlling factor of palaeo-subterranean rivers in the western Tahe Oilfield. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency, 25(4): 33-39] [30] 张小兵,吕海涛,赵锡奎,李坤,何建军. 2011. 塔河油田中下奥陶统顶面古构造演化及油气关系. 石油实验地质, 33(3): 233-238. [Zhang X B,Lü H T,Zhao X K,Li K,He J J.2011. Paleostructural evolution of Lower-Middle Ordovician top and its relationship with hydrocarbon in Tahe Oilfield. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 33(3): 233-238] [31] 张学丰,李明,陈志勇,姜华,唐俊伟,刘波,高计县,赫云兰. 2012. 塔北哈拉哈塘奥陶系碳酸盐岩岩溶储集层发育特征及主要岩溶期次. 岩石学报, 28(3): 815-826. [Zhang X F,Li M,Chen Z Y,Jiang H,Tang J W,Liu B,Gao J X,He Y L.2012. Characteristics and karstification of the Ordovician carbonate reservoir,Halahatang area,northern Tarim Basin. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 28(3): 815-826] [32] 周文,李秀华,金文辉,赵志超,周秋媚. 2011. 塔河奥陶系油藏断裂对古岩溶的控制作用. 岩石学报, 27(8): 2339-2348. [Zhou W,Li X H,Jin W H,Zhao Z C,Zhou Q M.2011. The control action of fault to paleokarst in view of Ordovician reservoir in Tahe area. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 27(8): 2339-2348] [33] 周新源,杨海军,韩剑发,王福焕,韩杰. 2009. 中国海相油气田勘探实例之十二: 塔里木盆地轮南奥陶系油气田的勘探与发现. 海相油气地质, 14(4): 67-77. [Zhou X Y,Yang H J,Han J F,Wang F H,Han J.2009. Cases of discovery and exploration of marine fields in China(Part 12): Lunnan Ordovician oil-gas field in Tarim basin. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology, 14(4): 67-77] [34] 朱光有,杨海军,朱永峰,顾礼敬,卢玉红,苏劲,张宝收,范秋海. 2010. 塔里木盆地哈拉哈塘地区碳酸盐岩油气地质特征与富集成藏研究. 岩石学报, 27(3): 827-844. [Zhu G Y,Yang H J,Zhu Y F,Gu L J,Lu Y H,Su J,Zhang B S,Fan Q H.2010. Study on petroleum geological characteristics and accumulation of carbonate reservoirs in Hanilcatam area,Tarim basin. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 27(3): 827-844] [35] Frumkin A,Fischhendler Ⅰ.2005. Morphometry and distribution of isolated caves as a guide for phreatic and confined paleohydrological conditions. Geomorphology,67(3/4): 457-471. [36] Osborne R A L.2001. Halls and Narrows: network caves in dipping limestone,examples from eastern Australia. Cave and Karst Science, 28(1): 103-118. [37] Taboroši D,Jenson J W, Mylroie J E.2003. Zones of enhanced dissolution and associated cave morphology in an uplifted carbonate island karst aquifer,northern Guam,Mariana Islands. Speleogenesis and Evolution of Karst Aquifers,1(4): 1-16. [38] White V P.1991. Paleokarst: Type,recognition,controls,and associations. In: Wright V P,Esteban M,Smart P L(eds). Paleokarst and Paleokarstic Reservoirs. Postgraduate Research Institute for Sedimentology,University of Reading, 152: 89-119.
