Sedimentary filling characteristics and evolution of the Paleogene Wenchang Formation in Baiyun main sag,Pearl River Mouth Basin
Guo Wei1,2,3, Xu Guo-Qiang3, Chen Zhao-Ming1,2, Li Xiao1,2, Xiang Xu-Hong1,2, Liu Dong-Qing1,2
1 Shenzhen Branch of CNOOC China Ltd., Guangdong Shenzhen 518054,China; 2 CNOOC Deepwater Development Ltd.,Guangdong Shenzhen 518054,China; 3 College of Energy Resources,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,China
Abstract Due to the lack of drilling data and complex geological conditions,characteristics of de positional system and associated sedimentary-filling evolution in the third-order sequence framework of Wenchang Formation in Baiyun main sag lack systematic study,which seriously restricts the oil and gas exploration in the deep strata of Baiyun main sag. Based on 3D seismic data and drilling data,this paper reconstructs the sedimentary system of the third-order sequence of Wenchang Formation by using new technologies and methods such as the restoration of original form structure section of sedimentary sequence,the analysis of enhanced seismic facies,and the seismic scanning interpretation of sand bodies,then restores the sedimentary-filling evolution process of Wenchang Formation in combination with the characteristics of tectonic evolution. The results show that there are four “source-to-sink” systems in the Wenchang Formation of Baiyun main sag. They are large-scale braided delta-lacustrine facies deposits developed in the northwest inherited gentle slope zone and derived from pure terrestrial clastics,large-medium scale braided delta-lacustrine facies deposits developed in the northeast gentle slope zone and derived from terrigenous-pyroclastic mixed sources,inshore subaqueous fan and fan delta-lacustrine facies deposits developed in the southwest abrupt slope zone and sourced from pure terrigenous clastics,small-scale nearshore subaqueous fan and fan delta-lacustrine deposits developed in the southeast steep slope zone and derived from terrigenous-pyroclastic mixed sources. The sedimentary evolution of the Wenchang Formation in Baiyun main sag can be divided into six stages: fluvial deposition(lower segment of WCSQ1),fluvial-lake deposition(upper segment of WCSQ1),ultra-deep lake occurrence(lower segment of WCSQ2),ultra-deep lake early filling(upper segment of WCSQ2),ultra-deep lake filling(WCSQ3,WCSQ4)and shallow lake occurrence(WCSQ5). The lake basin undergone a sedimentary evolution process of initial basin forming,intense rift into ultra-deep lake,large-scale sedimentary filling into deep lake and semi-deep lake,and finally sedimentary filling into shallow lake.
Fund:Financially supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(No.2016ZX05026-003)
About author: Guo Wei,born in 1987, is an engineer. He received a master’s degree from Chengdu University of Technology in 2013 and is now mainly engaged in researches of sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy. E-mail: guowei543@163.com.
Cite this article:
Guo Wei,Xu Guo-Qiang,Chen Zhao-Ming et al. Sedimentary filling characteristics and evolution of the Paleogene Wenchang Formation in Baiyun main sag,Pearl River Mouth Basin[J]. JOPC, 2022, 24(1): 112-128.
Guo Wei,Xu Guo-Qiang,Chen Zhao-Ming et al. Sedimentary filling characteristics and evolution of the Paleogene Wenchang Formation in Baiyun main sag,Pearl River Mouth Basin[J]. JOPC, 2022, 24(1): 112-128.
[1]崔宇驰,曹立成,乔培军,陈淑慧,庞雄,邵磊. 2018. 南海北部古近纪沉积物碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄及物源演化. 地球科学, 43(11): 4169-4179. [Cui Y C,Cao L C,Qiao P J,Chen S H,Pang X,Shao L.2018. Provenance evolution of Paleogene sequence(Northern South China Sea)baed on detrital zircon U-Pb dating analysis. Earth Science, 43(11): 4169-4179] [2]高阳东,向绪洪,张向涛. 2021. 南海北部新生代沉积演变及其油气地质意义. 天然气地球科学, 32(5): 645-656. [Gao Y D,Xiang X H,Zhang X T.2021. Cenozoic sedimentary evolution and its geological significance for hydrocarbon in the northern South China Sea. Natural Gas Geoscience, 32(5): 645-656] [3]韩银学,陈莹,杨海长,王龙颖,沈怀磊,郭帅,纪沫,曾智伟. 2017. 白云凹陷恩平组“源-汇”体系及其对油气勘探的影响. 中国石油勘探, 22(2): 26-33. [Han Y X,Chen Y,Yang H C,Wang L Y,Shen H L,Guo S,Ji M,Zeng Z W.2017. Source to sink of Enping Formation and its effects on oil and gas exploration in Baiyun sag,Pearl River Mouth Basin. China Petroleum Exploration, 22(2): 26-33] [4]侯元立,邵磊,乔培军,蔡国富,庞雄,张道军. 2019. 珠江口盆地白云凹陷始新世—中新世沉积物物源研究. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 40(2): 19-28. [Hou Y L,Shao L,Qiao P J,Cai G F,Pang X,Zhang D J.2019. Provenance of the Eocene-Miocene sediments in the Baiyun sag,Pearl River Mouth Basin. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 40(2): 19-28] [5]贾浪波,纪友亮,钟大康,严锐涛,刘君龙,米立军,易震,余加松,张鹏程. 2017. 珠江口盆地L凹陷裂陷期始新统文昌组沉积充填模式. 古地理学报, 19(3): 525-540. [Jia L B,Ji Y L,Zhong D K,Yan R T,Liu J L,Mi L J,Yi Z,Yu J S,Zhang P C.2017. Depositional filling model of the Eocene Wenchang Formation in rift stage of L sag,Pearl River Mouth Basin. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition), 19(3): 525-540] [6]李成海,王家豪,柳保军,苏奥,徐东浩,罗泉源,刘姗,牟川. 2014. 珠江口盆地白云凹陷古近系沉积相类型. 沉积学报, 32(6): 1162-1170. [Li C H,Wang J H,Liu B J,Su A,Xu D H,Luo Q Y,Liu S,Mou C.2014. Types and distribution of the Paleogene sedimentary facies in Baiyun Depression of Pearl River Mouth Basin. Acta Sedimentologica Sinca, 32(6): 1162-1170] [7]柳保军,庞雄,颜承志,连世勇,刘军,何敏,申俊,韩晋阳,李元平. 2011. 珠江口盆地白云深水区沉积充填演化及控制因素分析. 中国海上油气, 23(1): 19-25. [Liu B J,Pang X,Yan C Z,Lian S Y,Liu J,He M,Shen J,Han J Y,Li Y P.2011. An analysis of depositional evolution and its controls in Baiyun deep-water area,Pearl River Mouth Basin. China Offshore Oil and Gas, 23(1): 19-25] [8]柳保军,庞雄,王家豪,任建业,刘军,郑金云,向绪洪,蔡国富,吴宇翔. 2019. 珠江口盆地深水区伸展陆缘地壳减薄背景下的沉积体系响应过程及油气勘探意义. 石油学报, 40(1): 125-137. [Liu B J,Pang X,Wang J H,Ren J Y,Liu J,Zheng J Y,Xiang X H,Cai G F,Wu Y X.2019. Sedimentary system response process and hydrocarbon exploration significance of crust thinning zone at extensional continental margin of deep-water area in Pearl River Mouth Basin. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 40(1): 125-137] [9]刘蓓蓓,于兴河,吴景富,廖宗宝,杜永慧,高照普,蔡佳. 2015. 南海北部陆缘盆地半地堑类型及沉积充填模式. 中国矿业大学学报, 44(3): 489-507. [Liu B B,Yu X H,Wu J F,Liao Z B,Du Y H,Gao Z P,Cai J.2015. Research on half-graben types and sedimentary filling modes of northern continental margin basin of the South China Sea. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology, 44(3): 489-507] [10]龙祖烈,陈聪,马宁,翟普强,黄玉平,石创. 2020. 珠江口盆地深水区白云凹陷油气成因来源与成藏特征. 中国海上油气, 32(4): 37-44. [Long Z L,Chen C,Ma N,Zhai P Q,Huang Y P,Shi C.2020. Geneses and accumulation characteristics of hydrocarbons in Baiyun sag,deep water area of Pearl River Mouth Basin. China Offshore Oil and Gas, 32(4): 37-44] [11]罗泉源,王家豪,柳保军,焦祥燕,李成海. 2017. 白云凹陷东部古近系层序格架及结构模式. 科学技术与工程, 17(22): 34-42. [Luo Q Y,Wang J H,Liu B J,Jiao X Y,Li C H.2017. Sequence stratigraphic framework and sequence textures pattern of the Paleogene in the eastern Baiyun sag,the South China Sea. Science Technology and Engineering, 17(22): 34-42] [12]米立军,刘震,张功成,沈怀磊,常迈,郭瑞,田继先,谭卓. 2007. 南海北部深水区白云凹陷古近系烃源岩的早期预测. 沉积学报, 25(1): 139-146. [Mi L J,Liu Z,Zhang G C,Shen H L,Chang M,Guo R,Tian J X,Tan Z.2007. Early forecast and evaluation study on chief source rock in Baiyun Depression. Acta Sedimento logica Sinica, 25(1): 139-146] [13]米立军,张忠涛,庞雄,刘军,张博,赵庆,冯轩. 2018. 南海北部陆缘白云凹陷油气富集规律及主控因素. 石油勘探与开发, 45(5): 902-913. [Mi L J,Zhang Z T,Pang X,Liu J,Zhang B,Zhao Q,Feng X.2018. Main controlling factors of hydrocarbon accumulation in Baiyun sag at northern continental margin of South China Sea. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 45(5): 902-913] [14]米立军,何敏,翟普强,朱俊章,庞雄,陈聪,马宁. 2019. 珠江口盆地深水区白云凹陷高热流背景油气类型与成藏时期综合分析. 中国海上油气, 31(1): 1-12. [Mi L J,He M,Zhai P Q,Zhu J Z,Pang X,Chen C,Ma N.2019. Integrated study on hydrocarbon types and accumulation periods of Baiyun sag,deep water area of Pearl River Mouth basin under the high heat flow background. China Offshore Oil and Gas, 31(1): 1-12] [15]苗顺德,张功成,梁建设,郭刚,于开平. 2010. 珠江口盆地北部坳陷带文昌组地震反射特征及沉积环境分析. 天然气地球科学, 21(5): 844-850. [Miao S D,Zhang G C,Liang J S,Guo G,Yu K P.2010. Seismic reflection characteristics and sedimentary enviorment analysis of Wenchang Formation in northern depression of the Pearl River Mouth Basin. Natural Gas Geoscience, 21(5): 844-850] [16]庞雄,陈长民,彭大钧,周蒂,陈红汉. 2007. 南海珠江深水扇系统及油气. 北京: 科学出版社, 1-360. [Pang X,Chen C M,Peng D J,Zhou D,Chen H H.2007. The Pearl River Deep-water Fan System & Petroleum in South China Sea. Beijing: Science Press, 1-360] [17]庞雄,任建业,郑金云,刘军,于鹏,柳保军. 2018. 陆缘地壳强烈拆离薄化作用下的油气地质特征: 以南海北部陆缘深水区白云凹陷为例. 石油勘探与开发, 45(1): 27-39. [Pang X,Ren J Y,Zheng J Y,Liu J,Yu P,Liu B J.2018. Petroleum geology controlled by extensive detachment thinning of continental margin crust: a case study of Baiyun sag in the deep-water area of northern South China Sea. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 45(1): 27-39] [18]任建业,庞雄,雷超,袁立忠,刘军,杨林龙. 2015. 被动陆缘洋陆转换带和岩石圈伸展破裂过程分析及其对南海陆缘深水盆地研究的启示. 地学前缘, 22(1): 102-114. [Ren J Y,Pang X,Lei C,Yuan L Z,Liu J,Yang L L.2015. Ocean and continent transition in passive continental margins and analysis of lithospheric extension and breakup process: implication for research of the deepwater basins in the continental margins of South China Sea. Earth Science Frontiers, 22(1): 102-114] [19]邵东波,包洪平,魏柳斌,蔡郑红,武春英,周黎霞,曹岩刚. 2019. 鄂尔多斯地区奥陶纪构造古地理演化与沉积充填特征. 古地理学报, 21(4): 537-556. [Shao D B,Bao H P,Wei L B,Cai Z H,Wu C Y,Zhou L X,Cao Y G.2019. Tectonic palaeogeography evolution and sedimentary filling characteristics of the Ordovician in the Ordos area. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition), 21(4): 537-556] [20]邵磊,崔宇驰,乔培军,朱伟林,钟锴,周俊燊. 2019. 南海北部古河流演变对欧亚大陆东南缘早新生代古地理再造的启示. 古地理学报, 21(2): 216-231. [Shao L,Cui Y C,Qiao P J,Zhu W L,Zhong K,Zhou J S.2019. Implications on the Early Cenozoic palaeogeographical reconstruction of SE Eurasian margin based on northern South China Sea palaeo-drainage system evolution. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition), 21(2): 216-231] [21]田立新,张忠涛,庞雄,吴哲,王卓超,何敏,陈红汉,舒梁峰,冯轩. 2020. 白云凹陷中深层超压发育特征及油气勘探新启示. 中国海上油气, 32(6): 1-10. [Tian L X,Zhang Z T,Pang X,Wu Z,Wang Z C,He M,Chen H H,Shu L F,Feng X.2020. Characteristics of overpressure development in the mid-deep strata of Baiyun sag and its new enlightenment in exploration activity. China Offshore Oil and Gas, 32(6): 1-10] [22]汪业勇. 2020. 复杂地质条件下的沉积体系研究: 以白云凹陷西区渐新统为例. 成都理工大学博士论文. [Wang Y Y. 2020. Study on depositional systems under complex geological conditions: a case study of the Oligocene Series in the western region of Baiyun sag. Doctoral dissertation of Chengdu University of Technology] [23]谢玉洪,张功成,唐武,赵钊. 2020. 南海北部深水区油气成藏理论技术创新与勘探重大突破. 天然气工业, 40(12): 1-8. [Xie Y H,Zhang G C,Tang W,Zhao Z.2020. Theoretical and technological innovation of oil and gas accumulation and major exploration breakthroughs in deep-water areas,northern South China Sea. Natural Gas Industry, 40(12): 1-8] [24]徐怀大,王世风,陈开远. 1990. 地震地层学解释基础. 湖北武汉: 中国地质大学出版社,12-145. [Xu H D,Wang S F,Chen K Y.1990. The Basis of Seismic Sequence Interpretation. Hubei Wuhan: China University of Geoscience Press,12-145] [25]叶青. 2019. 南海北部陆缘晚中生代构造体系: 动力学以及对珠江口盆地新生代构造的制约. 中国地质大学(武汉)博士论文. [Ye Q. 2019. The Late Mesozoic structure system in the northern South China Sea margin: geodynamics and their influence on the Cenozoic structure in the Pearl River Mouth Basin. Doctoral dissertation of China University of Geosciences(Wuhan)] [26]曾智伟,朱红涛,杨香华,夏晨晨,陈莹,韩银学. 2017. 珠江口盆地白云凹陷恩平组物源转换及沉积充填演化. 地球科学, 42(11): 1936-1954. [Zeng Z W,Zhu H T,Yang X H,Xia C C,Chen Y,Han Y X.2017. Provenance transformation and sedimentary evolution of Enping Formation,Baiyun sag,Pearl River Mouth Basin. Earth Science, 42(11): 1936-1954] [27]张功成. 2010. 南海北部陆坡深水区构造演化及其特征. 石油学报, 31(4): 528-533. [Zhang G C.2010. Tectonic evolution of deep water area of northern continental margin in South China Sea. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 31(4): 528-533] [28]张厚福,曾洪流,张万选. 1988. 陆相断陷盆地区域地震地层学方法探讨. 石油与天然气地质, 9(3): 231-241. [Zhang H F,Zeng H L,Zhang W X.1988. Regional seismic stratigraphic method for faultdepressed basin in Land. Oil & Gas Geology, 9(3): 231-241] [29]赵阳慧. 2016. 南海北部陆缘白云凹陷盆地构型及其形成演化机制. 中国地质大学(武汉)博士论文: 1-136. [Zhao Y H.2016. Basin architecture and its evolution mechanism of Baiyun Sag,northern margin of the South China Sea. Doctoral dissertation of China University of Geosciences(Wuhan): 1-136] [30]Brown L F,Fisher W L.1979. Seismic stratigraphic interpretation and petroleum exploration. AAPG Continuing Education Course Note Series. [31]Catuneanu O.2019. Model-independent sequence stratigraphy. Earth-Science Reviews, 188: 312-388. [32]Catuneanu O,Abreu V,Bhattacharya J P,Blum M D,Dalrymple R W,Eriksson P G.2009. Towards the standardization of sequence stratigraphy. Earth-Science Reviews, 92(1-2): 1-33. [33]Shao L,Cui Y C,Stattegger K,Zhu W L,Qiao P J,Zhao Z G.2019. Drainage control of Eocene to Miocene sedimentary records in the southeastern margin of Eurasian Plate. GSA Bulletin, 131(3-4): 461-478. [34]Wang J H,Pang X,Liu B J,Zheng J Y,Wang H.2018. The Baiyun and Liwan Sags: two supradetachment basins on the passive continental margin of the northern South China Sea. Marine and Petroleum Geo logy, 95: 206-218. [35]Wang Y Y,Xu G Q,Pang X,Zuo Y H,Liu B J,Han J H,Chen M,Guo W.2019. A method for restoring sedimentary sequence original structural profiles: a case study of Miocene strata from the northern continental slope of the South China Sea. Marine and Petroleum Geo logy, 103: 294-305. [36]Xu G Q,Haq B.2021. Seismic facies analysis: past,present and future. Earth-Scicence Reviews, 224: 103876. [37]Xu G Q,Pang X.2021. Sequence-stratigraphic dynamics: variations of genetic stratigraphic units driven by basin subsidence. Global and Planetary Change, 201: 103482. [38]Xu G Q,Zhang L,Pang X,Chen M, Xu S H, Liu B J, Zuo Y H, Luo S B, Hu L, Chen H, Li X G, Wang X X, Wu C R, Han J H, Wu S H, Song G L, Yan Y X, Wang J, Chen J T, Liu K, Hua C X, He J, Xian W, Hong C J, Wang Y Y, Guo W, Wang L, Chen G, Han P H, Luo W, Yuan C M, Li Y H.2021. New method for the reconstruction of sedimentary systems including lithofacies,environments,and flows paths: a case study of the Xisha Trough Basin,South China Sea. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 133: 105268. [39]Zeng Z W,Zhu H T,Yang X H,Zeng H L,Zhang G C.2020. Multistage progradational clinoform-set characterisation and evolution analysis of the Early Oligocene in the Baiyun sag,Pearl River Mouth Basin,South China Sea. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 112: 104048. [40]Zhu W L,Cui Y C,Shao L,Qiao P J,Yu P,Pei J X,Liu X Y,Zhang H.2021. Reinterpretation of the northern South China Sea pre-Cenozoic basement and geodynamic implications of the South China continent: constraints from combined geological and geophysical records. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 40(2): 12-28.
