Spatio-temporal characteristics of typhoon disasters in China’s coastal areas during Ming and Qing Dynasties
YANG Yukun1, BI Shuoben1,2, QIU Xiangkai1, LI Shihao1
1 Institute of Scientific & Technical History,Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology,Nanjing 210044,China; 2 School of Geographical Sciences,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China
Abstract Extending the typhoon sequence before the instrumental era can provide data support for longer time scale climate research. Utilizing historical documents,this paper has reconstructed a total of 1447 typhoon events that affected the coastal areas of China from 1368 to 1911,categorized by subregion. This study employs wavelet analysis,GIS spatial analysis,and other methods to analyze the spatio-temporal characteristics of these events,verifying the reconstruction’s reliability through precipitation and dry/wet sequences. The results show that: (1)During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the total number of incoming typhoons in North China,East China,and South China was 157,596,and 853,respectively. Most typhoons impacting North China’s coast also affected East China’s coast,with fewer typhoons simultaneously entering East and South China. (2)The monthly distribution of reconstructed typhoons closely mirrors that of modern tropical cyclones,which cause winds of magnitude eight or higher. Typhoons are most frequent along North China’s coast in June and July;in East China,during June,July,and August;and in South China,from May through September. (3)Typhoon activities in various coastal areas were very frequent during the 1570-1590,1660,1850,and 1890's,while during the 1460's,1560's,1700's,1760's,and 1780's,were relatively calm. (4)Wavelet analysis,based on a 128 yr cycle,shows the first,second,and third main periods of typhoon activity along the North China coast during the Ming and Qing Dynasties were 123 yr,86 yr,and 10 yr,respectively,while those along East China coast were 122 yr,85 yr,and 42 yr,while those along the South China coast were 73 yr,116 yr,and 40 yr,respectively. The first,second,and third main periods of typhoon activity for the entire coastal area of China during the Ming and Qing Dynasties was 122 yr,75 yr,and 42 yr. (5)Throughout the Ming and Qing Dynasties,typhoon disasters were primarily concentrated in coastal plains,and showed a significant trend of weakening from south to north and from coastal areas to inland. In North China,typhoon impacts were predominantly observed on the Jiaodong and Liaodong peninsulas and around Bohai Bay. Beyond these coastal regions,the southeast Haihe Plain also experienced notable typhoon effects. (6)During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,there was a moderate correlation between typhoon sequences and precipitation patterns in their respective coastal regions.
Fund:Co-funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41271410,41071253)
Corresponding Authors:
BI Shuoben,born in 1965,professor,is mainly engaged in spatial data mining and 3D visualization research. E-mail: bishuoben@163.com.
About author: YANG Yukun,born in 1997,is a master degree candidate,mainly engaged in the research on historical disasters. E-mail: 614944986@qq.com.
Cite this article:
YANG Yukun,BI Shuoben,QIU Xiangkai et al. Spatio-temporal characteristics of typhoon disasters in China’s coastal areas during Ming and Qing Dynasties[J]. JOPC, 2024, 26(2): 446-459.
YANG Yukun,BI Shuoben,QIU Xiangkai et al. Spatio-temporal characteristics of typhoon disasters in China’s coastal areas during Ming and Qing Dynasties[J]. JOPC, 2024, 26(2): 446-459.
[1] 巴兆祥. 2004. 论明代方志的数量与修志制度: 兼答张升《明代地方志质疑》. 中国地方志,(4): 45-51. [Ba Z X.2004. Quantity of local records and system of compiling local records in Ming dynasty. China Local Records,(4): 45-51] [2] 陈联寿,丁一汇. 1979. 西太平洋台风概论. 北京: 科学出版社,28-32. [Chen L S,Ding Y H.1979. Introduction to Typhoons in The Western Pacific. Beijing: Science Press,28-32] [3] 陈雪,苏布达,温姗姗,姜彤,高超,王艳君,翟建青. 2018. 全球升温1.5℃与2.0℃情景下中国东南沿海致灾气旋的时空变化. 热带气象学报, 34(5): 695-704. [Chen X,Su B D,Wen S S,Jiang T,Gao C,Wang Y J,Zhai J Q.2018. Spatiotemporal distributions of hazard-inducing tropical cyclones under the 1.5℃ and 2.0℃ global warming scenarios in southeast coastal China. Journal of Tropical Meteorology, 34(5): 695-704] [4] 崔田丰. 2019. 浙江宋崖洞石笋记录的晚全新世气候和环境变化. 浙江师范大学硕士学位论文:43-57. [Cui T F.2019. Late Holocene paleoclimatic and paleoenviron-mental evolutions recorded by stalagmite from the songya cave,Zhejiang Province. Masteral dissertation of Zhejiang Normal University:43-57] [5] 高建华,朱晓东,余有胜,金波. 1999. 我国沿海地区台风灾害影响研究. 灾害学, 14(2): 73-77. [Gao J H,Zhu X D,Yu Y S,Jin B.1999. Study of the impact of typhoon disaster on coastal region of China. Journal of Catastrophology, 14(2): 73-77] [6] 黄昌兴,周国良,郑磊,杨明珠. 2014. 登陆我国台风的时空分布特征及其影响. 水文, 34(6): 81-85. [Huang C X,Zhou G L,Zheng L,Yang M Z.2014. Spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of landing typhoons in China and their influence. Journal of China Hydrology, 34(6): 81-85] [7] 李晴,薛积彬. 2018. 近500年广东沿海地区台风活动历史重建与分析. 华南师范大学学报(自然科学版), 50(2): 86-93. [Li Q,Xue J B.2018. Reconstruction and analysis of historical typhoon activities in coastal areas of Guangdong over the past 500 years. Journal of South China Normal University(Natural Science Edition), 50(2): 86-93] [8] 李禧亮,任改莎,张立霞,冯洋,孙云. 2016. 明清时期苏浙皖沪干湿变化规律研究. 干旱区资源与环境, 30(1): 66-71. [Li X L,Ren G S,Zhang L X,Feng Y,Sun Y.2016. Analysis of dry and wet temporal-spatial characteristics in Jiangsu-Zhejiang-Anhui-Shanghai region during Ming and Qing Dynasties. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 30(1): 66-71] [9] 梁有叶,张德二. 2007. 最近一千年来我国的登陆台风及其与ENSO的关系. 气候变化研究进展, 3(2): 120-121. [Liang Y Y,Zhang D E.2007. Landing typhoon in China during the last millennium and its relationship with ENSO. Advances in Climate Change Research, 3(2): 120-121] [10] 廖淦标,范代读. 2008. 全球变暖是否导致台风增强: 古风暴学研究进展与启示. 科学通报, 53(13): 1489-1502. [Liao G B,Fan D D.2008. Does global warming lead to typhoon intensification: Research progress and enlightenment of paleostorm science. Chinese Science Bulletin, 53(13): 1489-1502] [11] 刘艳丽,华悦,周惠成,叶磊,王国庆,金君良,鲍振鑫. 2022.1470年以来中国东部季风区降水变化规律及趋势预估. 水科学进展, 33(1): 1-14. [Liu Y L,Hua Y,Zhou H C,Ye L,Wang G Q,Jin J L,Bao Z X.2022. Precipitation variation and trend projection in the eastern monsoon region of China since 1470. Advances in Water Science, 33(1): 1-14] [12] 卢莹,赵海坤,赵丹,李青青. 2021.1984—2017年影响中国热带气旋灾害的时空特征分析. 海洋学报, 43(6): 45-61. [Lu Y,Zhao H K,Zhao D,Li Q Q.2021. Spatial-temporal characteristic of tropical cyclone disasters in China during 1984-2017. Haiyang Xuebao, 43(6): 45-61] [13] 潘威,王美苏,满志敏,崔建新. 2012.1644—1911年影响华东沿海的台风发生频率重建. 长江流域资源与环境, 21(2): 237-241. [Pan W,Wang M S,Man Z M,Cui J X.2012. Reconstruction of the affecting East China typhoon frequency,1644-1911 AD. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 21(2): 237-241] [14] 潘威,满志敏,刘大伟,颜停霞. 2014.1644—1911年中国华东与华南沿海台风入境频率. 地理研究, 33(11): 2195-2204. [Pan W,Man Z M,Liu D W,Yan T X.2014. The changing of Chinese coastal typhoon frequency based on historical documents,1644-1911 AD. Geographical Research, 33(11): 2195-2204] [15] 潘威,王一帆,白江涛,小林雄河. 2021.1650—1900年代华东、日本入境台风路径变化及社会影响. 第四纪研究, 41(2): 589-599. [Pan W,Wang Y F,Bai J T,KOBAYASHI Yuga.2021. The directional change of typhoon and social influence in coastal areas of Eastern China and Japan from 1650s to 1900s. Quaternary Sciences, 41(2): 589-599] [16] 饶展雄,程慧. 1996. 明代方志与方志学的发展. 广东史志,(1): 25-36. [Rao Z X,Cheng H.1996. The development of local chronicles and local chronicles in Ming Dynasty. Guangdong Shi Zhi,(1): 25-36] [17] 申茜,张世轩,赵俊虎,汪栩加. 2013. 近海台风对中国东部夏季降水的贡献. 物理学报, 62(18): 189-201. [Shen Q,Zhang S X,Zhao J H,Wang X J.2013. Contribution of typhoon over coastal waters to summer rainfall in Eastern China. Acta Physica Sinica, 62(18): 189-201] [18] 宿海良,袁雷武,王猛,东高红,费晓臣. 2021.1949—2019年登陆中国的热带气旋特征及致灾分析. 应用海洋学学报, 40(3): 382-387. [Su H L,Yuan L W,Wang M,Dong G H,Fei X C.2021. Characteristics and disaster analysis of tropical cyclones landing in China in 1949-2019. Journal of Applied Oceanography, 40(3): 382-387] [19] 孙力,毕硕本,潘威,陈昌春,许志慧. 2019. 明清时期东南沿海地区的台风重建及影响因素分析. 华南师范大学学报(自然科学版), 51(6): 88-97. [Sun L,Bi S B,Pan W,Chen C C,Xu Z H.2019. Reconstructing typhoons in southeast coastal areas during Ming and Qing Dynasties and analyzing the factors. Journal of South China Normal University(Natural Science Edition), 51(6): 88-97] [20] 谭其骧. 1982. 中国历史地图集,第七册,元·明时期. 北京: 中国地图出版社. [Tan Q X.1982. Historical Atlas of China, Volume 7,Yuan and Ming Dynasties. Beijing: Cartographic Publishing House] [21] 唐家翔. 2011. 西北太平洋台风移动的气候变化及其与大尺度引导气流的关系. 南京信息工程大学硕士学位论文: 23-31. [Tang J X.2011. Climate change on typhoon movement in the northwestern Pacific and its relationship with large scale steering flow. Masteral dissertation of Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology: 23-31] [22] 唐丽丽,胡德勇,李小娟. 2012.1951—2006年西北太平洋热带气旋活动时空特征. 自然灾害学报, 21(1): 31-38. [Tang L L,Hu D Y,Li X J.2012. Spatiotemporal characteristics of tropical cyclone activities in northwestern Pacific from 1951 to 2006. Journal of Natural Disasters, 21(1): 31-38] [23] 王洪波. 2016. 明清苏浙沿海台风风暴潮灾害序列重建与特征分析. 长江流域资源与环境, 25(2): 342-349. [Wang H B.2016. Research on sequence reconstruction and characteristics diagnosis of typhoon storm surges affecting Jiangsu and Zhejiang,ad1368-1911. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 25(2): 342-349] [24] 王美苏. 2010. 清代入境中国东部沿海台风事件初步重建. 复旦大学硕士学位论文: 33-44. [Wang M S.2010. A reconstruction of historical typhoon event invading the coast of East China from historical documentary: 1644-1911. Masteral dissertation of Fudan University: 33-44] [25] 王咏梅,任福民,李维京,王小玲. 2008. 中国台风降水的气候特征. 热带气象学报, 24(3): 233-238. [Wang Y M,Ren F M,Li W J,Wang X L.2008. Climatic characteristics of typhoon precipitation over China. Journal of Tropical Meteorology, 24(3): 233-238] [26] 魏娜,李英,胡姝. 2013.1949—2008年热带气旋在中国大陆活动的统计特征及环流背景. 热带气象学报, 29(1): 17-27. [Wei N,Li Y,Hu S.2013. Characteristics of tropical cyclone activities over China’s mainland in 1949—2008 and associated background circulation. Journal of Tropical Meteorology, 29(1): 17-27] [27] 徐明,杨秋珍,应明,邓之瀛,杨自植. 2007. 影响华东台风500年历史资料重建方法. 中国气象学会2007年年会气候变化分会场论文集,广州: 1005-1014. [Xu M,Yang Q Z,Ying M,Deng Z Y,Yang Z Z.2007. Affect East China typhoon 500 years of historical data reconstruction. In: Chinese Meteorological Society Conference Proceedings,Guangzhou: 1000-1009] [28] 许卫平. 1994. 论清代地方志繁盛的原因. 扬州师院学报(社会科学版),(1): 61-65. [Xu W P.1994. On the reasons for the prosperity of local Chronicles in Qing Dynasty. Journal of Yangzhou Teachers College(Social Science Edition),(1): 61-65] [29] 颜停霞,毕硕本,魏军,李禧亮. 2014. 清代长江三角洲地区重大台风的对比分析. 热带地理, 34(3): 374-382. [Yan T X,Bi S B,Wei J,Li X L.2014. Comparative analysis of major typhoons of the Yangtze River Delta in the Qing dynasty. Tropical Geography, 34(3): 374-382] [30] 张静. 2021. 论古代文献中汇聚灾害史料的专门区域与整理特点. 语文学刊, 41(5): 80-87,95. [Zhang J.2021. Discussion on the special area and arrangement characteristics of disaster historical materials in ancient documents. Journal of Language and Literature Studies, 41(5): 80-87,95] [31] 张丕远. 1996. 中国历史气候变化. 山东济南: 山东科学技术出版社,223-224. [Zhang P Y.1996. Historical Climate Change in China. Shandong Jinan: Shandong Science & Technology Press,223-224] [32] 郑微微,唐晶,杨煜达. 2014.1815—1869年影响浙北地区台风序列重建与路径分析. 地球环境学报, 5(6): 370-377,384. [Zheng W W,Tang J,Yang Y D.2014. Reconstructing of historical typhoon frequency and analysis of typhoon paths influcing northern Zhejiang from 1815 to 1869 AD. Journal of Earth Environment, 5(6): 370-377,384] [33] Chan J C L,Shi J E.2000. Frequency of typhoon landfall over Guangdong Province of China during the period 1470-1931. International Journal of Climatology, 20: 183-190. [34] Liu K B,Shen C M,Louie K S.2001. A 1000-year history of typhoon landfalls in Guangdong,Southern China,reconstructed from Chinese historical documentary records. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 91: 453-464. [35] Lu X Q,Yu H,Ying M,Zhao B K,Zhang S,Lin L M,Bai L N,Wan R J.2021. Western North Pacific tropical cyclone database created by the China meteorological administration. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 38: 690-699. [36] Zhang X P,Ye Y,Fang X Q.2012. Reconstruction of typhoons in the Yangtze River Delta during 1644-1949 AD based on historical chorographies. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 22: 810-824.
