Classification and origin of tight sandstone reservoirs of the 3rd Member of Xujiahe Formation in central and western Sichuan Basin
JIN Hui1, CUI Junfeng1, YANG Guiru1, YANG Wei1, XIAO Dianshi2, WANG Zhihong1, WANG Min2, WU Xueqiong1, BO Dongmei1
1 PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development,Beijing 100083, China; 2 National Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas,China University of Petroleum(East China),Shandong Qingdao 266580,China
Abstract Due to the complex rock composition and strong heterogeneity in pore throat structure of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in central and western Sichuan Basin,the gas content and productivity show rapid changes. Therefore, it is urgent to clarify the reservoir types,formation mechanisms,and their distribution characterization. Taking the tight sandstone reservoirs of the 3rd Member of the Xujiahe Formation as the object,this study conducts microscopic analysis of pore structure through thin section,physical properties,mercury intrusion,and nuclear magnetic resonance,establishes reservoir classification standards,and then reveals the control of diagenesis and rock composition on the formation of various reservoir types. The results show that there are five types of reservoir spaces developed in the 3rd Member of the Xujiahe Formation,including microcracks,primary intergranular pores,residual intergranular pores,dissolution pores,and intercrystalline pores,among which the development of the intergranular pore throats is the key to reservoir quality. Based on the fractal features,the pore throat system is divided into five intervals,and combined with parameters such as the proportion of meso to macro pore throats and main flow throat radius,four types of tight reservoirs are finely divided. Type Ⅰ reservoirs feature “weak compaction and strong dissolution”,which is related to high percentage of quartz particles,low percentage of mudstone and carbonate rock fragments,and moderate volcanic rock debris; Type Ⅱ reservoirs exhibit “strong compaction and strong dissolution”,with a large amount of impurities,low percentage of mudstone debris,and high percentage of feldspar particles as the material basis for their formation;Both Type Ⅲ and Type Ⅳ reservoirs have strong cementation characteristics,calcite cementation was developed due to the high content of calcareous rock debris in Type Ⅲ reservoirs,while significant reduction of pore size related to the matrix in Type Ⅳ reservoirs. This research can not only guide the study of the formation mechanism of tight reservoirs in the study area,but also provide certain reference for the correlation between the classification and genetic of tight reservoirs.
Fund:Co-funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. U22B6002),and CNPC Scientific Research and Technology Development Project(No.2021DJ0605)
Corresponding Authors:
CUI Junfeng,born in 1970,graduated from Northeast Petroleum University in 1996. He is now a senior engineer at PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development,and is mainly engaged in the research on comprehensive geological evaluation of oil and natural gas. E-mail: yjy_cjf@petroChina.com.cn.
About author: About the first author JIN Hui,born in 1970,graduated from China University of Geosciences(Beijing)in 2011 with her Ph.D. degree. She is now a senior engineer at PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development,and is mainly engaged in comprehensive research on natural gas exploration. E-mail: JH69@petroChina.com.cn.
Cite this article:
JIN Hui,CUI Junfeng,YANG Guiru et al. Classification and origin of tight sandstone reservoirs of the 3rd Member of Xujiahe Formation in central and western Sichuan Basin[J]. JOPC, 2024, 26(6): 1452-1466.
JIN Hui,CUI Junfeng,YANG Guiru et al. Classification and origin of tight sandstone reservoirs of the 3rd Member of Xujiahe Formation in central and western Sichuan Basin[J]. JOPC, 2024, 26(6): 1452-1466.
[1] 郝强,林良彪,余瑜,高健,钱利军. 2016. 四川盆地南部须家河组砂岩组分特征及物源分析. 西北地质, 49(4): 110-120. [Hao Q,Lin L B,Yu Y,Gao J,Qian L J.2016. Research on prevention and characteristics of sandstone composition of Xujiahe Formation in Southern Sichuan. Northwestern Geology, 49(4): 110-120] [2] 孔星星,肖佃师,蒋恕,卢双舫,孙斌,王璟明. 2020. 联合高压压汞和核磁共振分类评价致密砂岩储层: 以鄂尔多斯盆地临兴区块为例. 天然气工业, 40(3): 38-47. [Kong X X,Xiao D S,Jiang S,Lu S F,Sun B,Wang J M.2020. Application of the combination of high-pressure mercury injection and nuclear magnetic resonance to the classification and evaluation of tight sandstone reservoirs: a case study of the Linxing Block in the Ordos Basin. Natural Gas Industry, 40(3): 38-47] [3] 马健飞,马中良,缪九军,郑伦举,王强,何川. 2022. 烃源流体—储集岩协同演化模拟实验及地质启示: 以川西地区上三叠统须家河组为例. 石油实验地质, 44(4): 698-704. [Ma J F,Ma Z L,Miu J J,Zheng L J,Wang Q,He C.2022. Co-evolution simulation experiment of source rock fluid and reservoir rock and its geological implications: a case study of Upper Triassic Xujahe Formation,western Sichuan Basin. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 44(4): 698-704] [4] 邱隆伟,穆相骥,李浩,张军,葛君,徐爽,周士博. 2019. 鄂尔多斯盆地杭锦旗地区二叠系下石盒子组岩屑发育特征及其对储层物性的影响. 石油与天然气地质, 40(1): 24-33. [Qiu L W,Mu X J,Li H,Zhang J,Ge J,Xu S, Zhou S B.2019. Characteristics of detritus development in the Permian lower Shihezi Formation in Hangjinqi area and its influence on reservoir physical properties. Oil & Gas Geology, 40(1): 24-33] [5] 施振生,王秀芹,吴长江. 2011. 四川盆地上三叠统须家河组重矿物特征及物源区意义. 天然气地球科学, 22(4): 618-627. [Shi Z S,Wang X Q,Wu C J.2011. Characteristics of heavy minerals and significance of source areas in the Xujiahe Formation of the Upper Triassic in the Sichuan Basin. Natural Gas Geoscience, 22(4): 618-627] [6] 施振生,李熙喆,董大忠,邱振,卢斌,梁萍萍. 2018. 致密砂岩储层成岩作用与孔隙演化: 以川西南上三叠统为例. 地学前缘, 25(2): 179-190. [Shi Z S,Li X Z,Dong D Z,Qiu Z,Lu B,Liang P P.2018. Diagenesis and pore evolution of tight sandstone reservoir: a case study from the Upper Triassic reservoir of the southwest Sichuan Basin,China. Earth Science Frontiers, 25(2): 179-190] [7] 施振生,朱筱敏,张亚雄,金惠. 2021. 四川盆地上三叠统沉积储层研究进展与热点分析. 石油与天然气地质, 42(4): 784-800. [Shi Z S,Zhu X M,Zhang Y X,Jin H.2021. Advances and trending topics in sedimentary reservoir research of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation,Sichuan Basin. Oil & Gas Geology, 42(4): 784-800] [8] 苏加亮,林良彪,余瑜,王志康,李晔寒. 2022. 川西新场地区上三叠统须家河组二、四段物源及储层特征差异对比研究. 沉积学报,41(5): 1451-1467. [Su J L,Lin L B,Yu Y,Wang Z K,Li Y H.2022. Comparative study on the provenance and reservoir characteristics of the Second and Fourth Members of the Upper Triassic Xujahe Formation in the Xinchang Area,Western Sichuan,China. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,41(5): 1451-1467] [9] 苏亦晴,杨威,金惠,王志宏,崔俊峰,朱秋影,武雪琼,白壮壮. 2022. 川西北地区三叠系须家河组深层储层特征及主控因素. 岩性油气藏, 34(5): 86-99. [Su Y Q,Yang W,Jin H,Wang Z H,Cui J F,Zhu Q Y,Wu X Q,Bai Z Z.2022. Deep-reservoir characteristics and main controlling factors of Triassic Xujiahe Formation in northwestern Sichuan Basin. Lithologic Reservoirs, 34(5): 86-99] [10] 王爱,钟大康,刘忠群,王威,杜红权,周志恒,唐自成. 2022. 深层致密砂岩储层特征及物性控制因素: 以川东北元坝西地区须二下亚段为例. 沉积学报, 40(2): 410-421. [Wang A,Zhong D K,Liu Z Q,Wang W,Du H Q,Zhou Z H,Tang Z C.2022. Characteristics of deep tight sandstone reservoirs and their controlling factors of physical properties: a case study of the Xu-2 member in the western Yuanba area of the northeastern Sichuan Basin,China. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 40(2): 410-421] [11] 王璟明,肖佃师,卢双舫,孔星星,范青青. 2020. 吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组页岩储层物性分级评价. 中国矿业大学学报, 49(1): 172-183. [Wang J M,Xiao D S,Lu S F,Kong X X,Fan Q Q.2020. Classification evaluation of shale oil reservoir physical properties in Lucaogou formation,Jimsar sag. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology, 49(1): 172-183] [12] 王学军,杨志如,韩冰. 2015. 四川盆地叠合演化与油气聚集. 地学前缘, 22(3): 161-173. [Wang X J,Yang Z R,Han B.2015. Superposed evolution of Sichuan Basin and its petroleum accumulation. Earth Science Frontiers, 22(3): 161-173] [13] 肖佃师,高阳,彭寿昌,王猛,王民,卢双舫. 2021. 准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷混积岩孔喉系统分类及控制因素. 石油勘探与开发, 48(4): 719-731. [Xiao D S,Gao Y,Peng S C,Wang M,Wang M,Lu S F.2021. Classification and control factors of pore-throat systems in hybrid sedimentary rocks of Jimusar Sag,Junggar Basin,NW China. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 48(4): 719-731] [14] 许晗,刘明洁,张庄,叶素娟,杨映涛,伍玲,张玲,南红丽,谭秀成,曾伟,连承波. 2022. 四川盆地川西坳陷须家河组三段致密砂岩储层成岩作用及孔隙演化. 天然气地球科学, 33(3): 344-357. [Xu H,Liu M J,Zhang Z,Ye S J,Yang Y T,Wu L,Zhang L,Nan H L,Tan X C,Zeng W,Lian C B.2022. Diagenesis and porosity evolution of the 3rd member of Xujiahe Formation tight sandstone reservoir in the Western Sichuan Depression,Sichuan Basin. Natural Gas Geoscience, 33(3): 344-357] [15] 徐兆辉,汪泽成,徐安娜,卞从胜. 2011. 四川盆地须家河组致密砂岩储集层特征与分级评价. 新疆石油地质, 32(1): 26-28. [Xu Z H,Wang Z C,Xu A N,Bian C S.2011. Characteristics and grade evaluation of tight sandstone reservoirs of Xujiahe Formation in Sichuan Basin. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 32(1): 26-28] [16] 杨烁,王威,张莉,罗丁文,邹华耀. 2020. 元坝—通南巴地区须家河组绿泥石膜胶结相砂岩发育控制因素与分布规律. 地球科学, 45(2): 479-488. [Yang S,Wang W,Zhang L,Luo D W,Zou H Y.2020. Control factors and distribution of chlorite-cemented facies in the Xujiahe Sandstone,Yuanba and Tongnanba Area. Earth Science, 45(2): 479-488] [17] 杨威,谢增业,金惠,施振生,谢武仁. 2010. 四川盆地上三叠统须家河组储层评价及天然气成藏机理. 天然气工业, 30(12): 10-15. [Yang W,Xie Z Y,Jin H,Shi Z S,Xie W R.2010. Reservoir evaluation and pooling mechanism of the Xujiahe Formation in the Sichuan Basin. Natural Gas Industry, 30(12): 10-15] [18] 叶素娟,杨映涛,张玲. 2021. 四川盆地川西坳陷上三叠统须家河组三段和五段“甜点”储层特征及分布. 石油与天然气地质, 42(4): 829-840. [Ye S J,Yang Y T,Zhang L.2021. Characteristics and distribution of “sweet spot” reservoirs in the third and fifth members of Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation,Western Sichuan Depression,Sichuan Basin. Oil & Gas Geology, 42(4): 829-840] [19] 张道伟,杨雨. 2022. 四川盆地陆相致密砂岩气勘探潜力与发展方向. 天然气工业, 42(1): 1-11. [Zhang D W,Yang Y.2022. Exploration potential and development direction of continental tight sandstone gas in the Sichuan Basin. Natural Gas Industry, 42(1): 1-11] [20] 郑和荣,刘忠群,徐士林,刘振峰,刘君龙,黄志文,黄彦庆,石志良,武清钊,范凌霄,高金慧. 2021. 四川盆地中国石化探区须家河组致密砂岩气勘探开发进展与攻关方向. 石油与天然气地质, 42(4): 765-783. [Zheng H R,Liu Z Q,Xu S L,Liu Z F,Liu J L,Huang Z W,Huang Y Q,Shi Z L,Wu Q Z,Fan L X,Gao J H.2021. Progress and key research directions of tight gas exploration and development in Xujiahe Formation,Sinopec exploration areas,Sichuan Basin. Oil & Gas Geology, 42(4): 765-783] [21] 郑荣才,戴朝成,罗清林,汪小平,雷光明,蒋昊,陈虎. 2011. 四川类前陆盆地上三叠统须家河组沉积体系. 天然气工业, 31(9): 16-24, 132-133. [Zheng R C,Dai C C,Luo Q L,Wang X P,Lei G M,Jiang H,Chen H.2011. Sedimentary system of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the Sichuan Foreland Basin. Natural Gas Industry, 31(9): 16-24, 132-133] [22] 张雪花,刘殿鹤. 2014. 钙岩屑砂岩岩石学特征及成岩作用: 以川西丰谷地区须家河组四段为例. 断块油气田, 21(6): 730-734. [Zhang X H,Liu D H.2014. Petrology features and diagenesis of calclithite: taking 4th Member of Xujiahe Formation in Fenggu area of western Sichuan as an example. Fault-Block Oil & Gas Field, 21(6): 730-734] [23] 赵正望,谢继容,李楠,朱华,吴长江. 2013. 四川盆地须家河组一、三、五段天然气勘探潜力分析. 天然气工业, 33(6): 23-28. [Zhao Z W,Xie J R,Li N,Zhu H,Wu C J.2013. Gas exploration potential of the 1st,3rd,and 5th members of Xujiahe Fm reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin. Natural Gas Industry, 33(6): 23-28] [24] Beard D C,Weyl P K.1973. Influence of Texture on Porosity and Permeability of Unconsolidated Sand. AAPG Bulletin, 57(2): 349-369. [25] Lai J,Wang G W,Ran Y,Zhou Z L.2015. Predictive distribution of high-quality reservoirs of tight gas sandstones by linking diagenesis to depositional facies: evidence from Xu-2 sandstones in the Penglai area of the central Sichuan basin,China. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 23: 97-111. [26] Li P,Zheng M,Bi H,Wu S T,Wang X R.2017. Pore throat structure and fractal characteristics of tight oil sandstone: a case study in the Ordos Basin,China. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 149: 665-674. [27] Zhao C,Jiang Y,Wang L.2022. Data-driven diagenetic facies classification and well-logging identification based on machine learning methods: a case study on Xujiahe tight sandstone in Sichuan Basin. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 217: 110798. [28] Zheng S J,Yao Y B,Liu D M,Cai Y D,Liu Y.2018. Characterizations of full-scale pore size distribution,porosity and permeability of coals: a novel methodology by nuclear magnetic resonance and fractal analysis theory. International Journal of Coal Geology, 196: 148-158.
