Based on the investigations of 77 species of fossil spores and pollen belonging to 51 genera found in the Lower Cretaceous Kizilsu Group in the Wuqia region of Xinjiang Autonomous Region, the early and late Early Cretaceous palynofloras in the region have been established. The early Early Cretaceous palynoflora is dominated by gymnospermous Coniferales, including the Cheirolepidiaceae, Pinaceae, Podocarpaceae, Araucariaceae and Taxodiaceae. The late Early Cretaceous palynoflora is basically similar to that of the early Early Cretaceous, but content of Cheirolepidiaceae decreases sharply. According to the characters of the palynofloras, the Early Cretaceous palaeoecologic, palaeoclimatic,sedimentary environment as well as palaeogeographic significance have been discussed. The results indicate that the Early Cretaceous palaeoclimate in the Wuqia region should belong to the arid or semiarid type of subtropic zone, temperatewarm and arid in the early Early Cretaceous and warmhot and semiarid in the late Early Cretaceous. The palynological data show  that the Early Cretaceous floras are of various origins, including the Coniferales  plants from mountain terrene and the moss plants from marsh wetland. The palaeogeography of the Early Cretaceous is  characterized by complex and various outlook and the obvious vertical zoning of the plant geographic distribution.