Tempestites and storm deposites in the Lower Cretaceous from Lingshan Island, Qingdao
Zhong Jianhua1, Ni Liangtian1, Shao Zhufu2, Li Yong1, Liu Xuan3, Mao Cui4, Liu Shengxin1, Sun Ningliang1, Chen Bin1, Wang Kai1, Luo Ke1, Wang Shaojie1, Liu Chuang1, Liu Bao1, Xiong Zhiqiang1
1 School of Geosciences,China University of Petroleum(East China),Qingdao 266580,Shandong; 2 Key Laboratory of Marine Hydrocarbon Resources and Environmental Geology,Ministry of Land and Resources of China,Qingdao 266071,Shandong; 3 Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration &Development,SINOPEC, Beijing 100083; 4 School of Geosciences,Northeast Petroleum University,Daqing 163318,Heilongjiang;
Abstract The typical tempestites and storm deposites developed well in detritus rocks in the Lower Cretaceous of Lingshan Island,Qingdao,Shandong Province. The features are as follows: (1)Hummocky or swaley structures and hummocky or swaley cross-stratification often occur and the hummocky cross-stratification is symmetrical or nearly symmetrical,commonly developed in thin-bedded sand and mud rocks that form in delta foresets. The thin layers are 1-2,cm in thickness and sometimes thicker. The parallel bedding or lower dipping angle cross bedding commonly occurs in the sandstones and sometimes hummocky cross-stratification and hummocky structure can also been observed. The laminea of hummocky cross-stratification is relatively thick,commonly between 1-2,cm,even 3-4,cm. Swaley cross-stratification relatively seldom occurs and commonly not perfect. Nevertheless,the swale structure is relatively common observed. (2)The swashing-eroding surface is considerably developed well and displace wavy ups and downs or is uneven with 20-30,cm height differences or even larger. The inner swashing-eroding surface commonly is not continuous and the bottom swashing-eroding surface is continuous very well. (3)The swashing-eroding surface developing in the medium and thick sandstone can be divided into several sub-layer,and because of discontinuity they combined together. (4)The sandstone contains commonly mudstone intraclast,most of them are dark mudstone with the diameters from 1-2,cm to 10,cm and the shape is polytropic. The long axis of mudstone gravels distributes mostly along the bedding plane. (5)The tempestites and storm deposites are fine to medium sandstones and not true conglomerate. (6)Intergrowth with a lot of multiple-scale and multiple-type soft sidement deformation structures. (7)Sometimes containing a bit of carbonized detritus of mm-scale. The discovery of tempestites and storm deposites reveals that the stratum is formed in relatively shallow water environment,not deep water environment like the sea and ocean. Otherwise,the storm makes the sandstone being sorted better and moves to the lower position of the foresets,resulting in being contacted with hydrocarbon rock and optimize its combination with sandstone reservoir,benefiting to formation of oil and gas trap.
Fund:Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.41572088)
Cite this article:
Zhong Jianhua,Ni Liangtian,Shao Zhufu et al. Tempestites and storm deposites in the Lower Cretaceous from Lingshan Island, Qingdao[J]. JOPC, 2016, 18(3): 381-398.
Zhong Jianhua,Ni Liangtian,Shao Zhufu et al. Tempestites and storm deposites in the Lower Cretaceous from Lingshan Island, Qingdao[J]. JOPC, 2016, 18(3): 381-398.
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