Oncoids built by photosynthetic biofilms: An example from the Series 2 of Cambrian at Fuzhouwan section in Liaodong Peninsula
Mei Ming-Xiang1,2, Muhammad Riaz1, Liu Li1, Meng Qing-Fen1
1 School of Earth Sciences and Resources,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083, China; 2 State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083, China
Abstract As a type of coated grains with the size of more than that of ooids,oncoid is marked by non-smooth circles and is commonly interpreted as a microbial origin,so different from ooid whose origin remains uncertain. Also as a variety of spherical or pseudo-spherical biosedimentary structures formed as successive laminations around both biogenic and nonbiogenic nuclei,its widespread distribution and development by oneself imply that the oncoid can be grouped into a type of microbial carbonates or a kind of spherical stromatolites. Within the Jianchang and Mantou Formations of the Series 2 of Cambrian in the Liaodong Peninsula,oncoids with the size of centimeter level as a time-specific facies concentrate in the top part of third-order sequence. In addition,several features characterize these oncoids of the Series 2 of Cambrian in the Liaodong Peninsula: (1)the symbiosis with clots or microclots;(2)the spherical and ellipsoid morphology;(3)the inhomogenous or non-layer composition of dense micrite and microspar;(4)particular calcified sheath fossils of the cyanobacteria within the cortex of oncoids and the clot among oncoids and so on. Although the greatest challenge that remains is the interpretation of ancient oncoids and their detail forming processes through the filter of the diagenesis,also the detail of the calcification of biofilms dominated by the cyanobacteria has still not got better understanding,the richness of direct evidence represented by microbial fossils especially for sheath fossils of the cyanobacteria within oncoids of both the Jianchang and the Mantou Formations of the Series 2 of Cambrian in the Liaodong Peninsula make them become a good example of oncoids built by non-layer photosynthetic biofilms.
Fund:Financially supported by the National Foundation of Natural Sciences of China(Nos.41472090,40472065,49802012)
About author: Mei Ming-Xiang,born in 1965, is a professor at School of Earth Sciences and Natural Resources,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),and is engaged in sedimentology and stratigraphy. E-mail: meimingxiang@263.net.
Cite this article:
Mei Ming-Xiang,Muhammad Riaz,Liu Li et al. Oncoids built by photosynthetic biofilms: An example from the Series 2 of Cambrian at Fuzhouwan section in Liaodong Peninsula[J]. JOPC, 2019, 21(1): 31-48.
Mei Ming-Xiang,Muhammad Riaz,Liu Li et al. Oncoids built by photosynthetic biofilms: An example from the Series 2 of Cambrian at Fuzhouwan section in Liaodong Peninsula[J]. JOPC, 2019, 21(1): 31-48.
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