1 Ostrom QT,Gittleman H,Truitt G,et al.CBTRUS statistical report:primary brain and other central nervous system tumors diagnosed in the United States in 2011-2015[J].Neuro Oncol,2018,20(suppl 4):1-86. 2 Jiang T,Mao Y,Ma W,et al.CGCG clinical practice guidelines for the management of adult diffuse gliomas[J].Cancer Lett,2016,375(2):263-273. 3 Li B,Chan HL,Chen P.Immune checkpoint inhibitors:basics and challenges[J].Curr Med Chem,2019,26(17):3009-3025. 4 Maghrouni A,Givari M,Jalili-Nik M,et al.Targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in glioblastoma multiforme:Preclinical evidence and clinical interventions[J].Int Immunopharmacol,2021,93:107403. 5 Han Y,Liu D,Li L.PD-1/PD-L1 pathway:current researches in cancer[J].Am J Cancer Res,2020,10(3):727-742. 6 Jiang Y,Chen M,Nie H,et al.PD-1 and PD-L1 in cancer immunotherapy:clinical implications and future considerations[J].Hum Vaccin Immunother,2019,15(5):1111-1122. 7 Messenheimer DJ,Jensen SM,Afentoulis ME,et al.Timing of PD-1 blockade is critical to effective combination immunotherapy with anti-ox40[J].Clin Cancer Res,2017,23(20):6165-6177. 8 Wang X,Guo G,Guan H,et al.Challenges and potential of PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint blockade immunotherapy for glioblastoma[J].J Exp Clin Cancer Res,2019,38(1):87. 9 Sun C,Mezzadra R,Schumacher TN.Regulation and function of the PD-L1 checkpoint[J].Immunity,2018,48(3):434-452. 10 Tang J,Yu JX,Hubbard-Lucey VM,et al.Trial watch:The clinical trial landscape for PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors[J].Nat Rev Drug Discov,2018,17(12):854-855. 11 Ott PA,Bang YJ,Piha-Paul SA,et al.T-cell-inflamed gene expression profile,programmed death ligand 1 expression,and tumor mutational burden predict efficacy in patients treated with pembrolizumab cross 20 cancers:KEYNOTE-028[J].J Clin Oncol,2019,37(4):318-327. 12 Kurz SC,Cabrera LP,Hastie D,et al.PD-1 inhibition has only limited clinical benefit in patients with recurrent high-grade glioma[J].Neurology,2018,91(14):1355-1359. 13 Lukas RV,Rodon J,Becker K,et al.Clinical activity and safety of atezolizumab in patients with recurrent glioblastoma[J].J Neuro Oncol,2018,140(2):317-328. 14 Yang T,Kong Z,Ma W.PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors in glioblastoma:clinical studies,challenges and potential[J].Hum Vaccin Immunother,2021,17(2):546-553. 15 Berghoff AS,Kiesel B,Widhalm G,et al.Programmed death ligand 1 expression and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in glioblastoma[J].Neuro Oncol,2015,17(8):1064-1075. 16 Galon J,Bruni D.Approaches to treat immune hot,altered and cold tumours with combination immunotherapies[J].Nat Rev Drug Discov,2019,18(3):197-218. 17 Antonios JP,Soto H,Everson RG,et al.Immunosuppressive tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells mediate adaptive immune resistance via a PD-1/PD-L1 mechanism in glioblastoma[J].Neuro Oncol,2017,19(6):796-807. 18 Berghoff AS,Preusser M.Does neoadjuvant anti-PD1 therapy improve glioblastoma outcome?[J].Nat Rev Neurol,2019,15(6):314-315. 19 Schalper KA,Rodriguez-Ruiz ME,Diez-Valle R,et al.Neoadjuvant nivolumab modifies the tumor immune microenvironment in resectable glioblastoma[J].Nat Med,2019,25(3):470-476. 20 Cloughesy TF,Mochizuki AY,Orpilla JR,et al.Neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 immunotherapy promotes a survival benefit with intratumoral and systemic immune responses in recurrent glioblastoma[J].Nat Med,2019,25:477-486. 21 Wang S,Yao F,Lu X,et al.Temozolomide promotes immune escape of GBM cells via upregulating PD-L1[J].Am J Cancer Res,2019,9(6):1161-1171. 22 Karachi A,Yang C,Dastmalchi F,et al.Modulation of temozolomide dose differentially affects T-cell response to immune checkpoint inhibition[J].Neuro Oncol,2019,21(6):730-741. 23 Newcomb EW,Demaria S,Lukyanov Y,et al.The combination of ionizing radiation and peripheral vaccination produces long-term survival of mice bearing established invasive GL261 gliomas[J].Clin Cancer Res,2006,12:4730-4737. 24 Zeng J,See AP,Phallen J,et al.Anti-PD-1 blockade and stereotactic radiation produce long-term survival in mice with intracranial gliomas[J].Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys,2013,86(2):343-349. 25 Diaz RJ,Ali S,Qadir MG,et al.The role of bevacizumab in the treatment of glioblastoma[J].J Neurooncol,2017,133(3):455-467. 26 Tamura R,Tanaka T,Ohara K,et al.Persistent restoration to the immunosupportive tumor microenvironment in glioblastoma by bevacizumab[J].Cancer Sci,2019,110(2):499-508. 27 Reardon DANL,Peters KB,Peters KB,et al.Phase II study of pembrolizumab or pembrolizumab plus bevacizumab for recurrent glioblastoma patients[J].J Clin Oncol,2018,36:2006. 28 David Reardon TK,Dietrich J,Dietrich J,et al.Atim-12.Phase 2 study to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Medi4736(Durvalumab)in patients with Bevacizumab-refractory recurrent glioblastoma[J].Neuro Oncol,2017,19(suppl 6):28. 29 Puzanov I,Diab A,Abdallah K,et al.Managing toxicities associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors:consensus recommendations from the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer(SITC)Toxicity Management Working Group[J].J Immunother Cancer,2017,5(1):95. 30 Eigentler TK,Hassel JC,Berking C,et al.Diagnosis,monitoring and management of immune-related adverse drug reactions of anti-PD-1 antibody therapy[J].Cancer Treat Rev,2016,45:7-18. 31 Iorgulescu JB,Gokhale PC,Speranza MC,et al.Concurrent dexamethasone limits the clinical benefit of immune checkpoint blockade in glioblastoma[J].Clin Cancer Res,2021,27(1):276-287. |