胃癌常见生物标记物及相应靶向治疗的研究进展

doi:10.11904/j.issn.1002-3070.2022.05.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 由于胃癌早期症状不明显和胃镜常规检查普及不足等原因,我国约80%胃癌患者就诊时已到晚期。目前,临床上胃癌治疗手段有限,单纯手术治疗的生存率仅在20%左右。由于放化疗未能明显提高患者生存率且毒副反应较大,因此,临床上急需一种新型的治疗手段来改善胃癌高发病率和高死亡率的现状。当下流行的靶向治疗,就是以相关生物标记物为靶点的一类低毒、高效的治疗方式。目前,临床试验中显示出相关性的靶向治疗生物标记物有人表皮生长因子受体2(Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2,HER2)、血管内皮细胞生长因子(Vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)、密蛋白-18剪接变体2(Dense protein-18 splice variant 2,Claudin 18.2)及间质-上皮细胞转化因子(Mesenchymal epithelial transition factor,MET)等,其中HER2的靶向抑制剂曲妥珠单抗是第一个被批准用于胃癌治疗的分子靶向药物,MET扩增已被证实是胃癌的不良预后因素。此外,由于近年来高通量测序技术的成熟与普及,这些生物标记物逐渐被应用于胃癌患者的分型诊断、预后判断及临床治疗过程。本综述将对目前常见的胃癌生物标记物的研究现状及其治疗策略进行概述。

关键词: 胃癌, 生物标记物, 靶向治疗

Abstract: About 80% patients with gastric cancer in China are in the advanced stage when they are diagnosed due to the lack of obvious symptoms in the early stage of gastric cancer and the insufficient popularization of routine gastroscopic examination.At present,the clinical treatment of gastric cancer is limited,and the survival rate of surgery alone is only about 20%.Since radiotherapy and chemotherapy failed to significantly improve the survival rate of patients and the toxic and side effects were relatively large,a new treatment method was urgently needed to improve the current situation of high morbidity and mortality of gastric cancer.The current popular targeted therapy is a kind of low-toxicity and high-efficiency treatment that targets relevant biomarkers.At present,the biomarkers of relevant targeted therapy in clinical trials are human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2),vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),dense protein-18 splice variant 2(claudin 18.2)and mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor(MET).Trastuzumab,a targeted inhibitor of HER2,is the first molecular targeted drug approved for the treatment of gastric cancer,and MET amplification has been shown to be a poor prognostic factor for gastric cancer.In addition,due to the maturity and popularization of high-throughput sequencing technology in recent years,these biomarkers have been gradually applied to the diagnosis,prognosis and clinical treatment of gastric cancer patients.This review will provide an overview of the current research status of common biomarkers for gastric cancer and their treatment strategies.

Key words: Gastric cancer, Biomarkers, Targeted therapy

中图分类号:

R735.2

赵雅茹, 武云. 胃癌常见生物标记物及相应靶向治疗的研究进展[J]. 实用肿瘤学杂志, 2022, 36(5): 483-488.

ZHAO Yaru, WU Yun. Research status of common biomarkers and corresponding targeted therapy for gastric cancer[J]. Journal of Practical Oncology, 2022, 36(5): 483-488.

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http://journal09.magtechjournal.com/Jwk3_syzlxzz/CN/Y2022/V36/I5/483

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