Abstract: Primary hepatocellular carcinoma often starts and hides,the disease progresses rapidly,the chance of surgery is often lost when the disease is discovered,and the effect of systemic treatment is relatively unsatisfactory.Until 2015,the results of clinical studies related to the treatment of liver cancer immune checkpoint inhibitors were successively published,which opened up new methods for the treatment of liver cancer.Nivolumab and pembrolizumab have been approved for second-line treatment of liver cancer,and immunocombination therapy has also achieved good results in various clinical studies.However,in the process of immunotherapy,there are also difficult problems of hyperprogression and immune tolerance etc.This article introduces the latest progress of immunotherapy for primary hepatocellular carcinoma from the perspective of the types of immune checkpoint inhibitors and combined immunotherapy,and discusses the potential challenges of the primary hepatocellular carcinoma immunotherapy in the field of ultra-advanced immunotherapy,cold and hot tumor conversion,and efficacy prediction.

Key words: Primary liver cancer, Immune checkpoint inhibitor, Combination immunotherapy