Abstract: Objective To investigate the effect of neoadjuvant chemoradiontherapy to the resection rates and the sphincter preserving rates of patients with locally advanced lower rectal cancer.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 64 cases of low rectal cancer from January 2006 to Dectember 2010.All patients were divided into two groups A(n=34)and B(n=30),according to the way of treatment.Preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy group is received three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy.The accumulated dose of preoperative radiotherapy was 50Gy,2Gy per day,5 days one week and startes to walk scheme chemotherapy(Oxaliplatin +CF+5-FU)at the first week of the radiotherapy,Operation in 4~5 week after radiotherapy;group B(n=30),just a surgical operation.In all the patients,surgery was carried out according to the principle of TME.Results All patients completed the planned treatment.The tumors became smaller and more movable.The total remission rate is 64.7%.The resection rates of the two groups is 91.2 % and 66.7 %,respectively.The sphincter preserving rates were 79.4 % and 43.3%,respectively.Conclusion Peroperative concurrent chemoradiontherapy can improve the resection rates and the sphincter preserving rates so as that the quality of life in patients with locally advanced lower rectal cancer is improved.