Objective To study the effect of Oleanolic Acid induced apoptosis in NB4cells in vitro.Methods CASY analyzer was used to evaluate the inhibitory effect of Oleanolic Acid on NB4 cells in vitro;DAPI staining was used to detect the morphological changes of nuclei of NB4 cells;Flow Cytometry analysis and argarose gel electrophoresis was used to evalutate apoptosis of NB4 and detect the chromatin DNA fragmentation.Results CASY assay analyzer showed that Oleanolic Acid dramatically inhibited the growth of NB4 cells in vitro;DNA Ladder was detected after exposure of NB4 cells to Oleanolic Acid;FACS analysis showed that Oleanolic Acid can cause NB4 cells was apoptosis;morphological changes of nuclei of NB4 cells were detected by DAPI staining.Conclusion These findings and data suggest that Oleanolic Acid induces NB4 apoptosis and inhibites growth of NB4 cells.

Objective To investigate the relationship between genotype of rs3803662 locus in TOX3 gene and clinical and pathological characteristics.Methods The TaqMan Single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)assay was carried out to detect the dimorphism at the rs3803662 SNP loci.The distribution of genotype was compared in the different clinical characteristics and pathological characteristics.Results The distribution of rs3803662 genotype did not associate with pathological characteristics(P＞0.05),such as pathological type,histological grade,Lymph node involvement,ER status and etc.The proportion of variant genotype carriers was significantly higher in the IDC type and SBR3 grade than DCIS type and SBR2 grade,respectively(P＜0.05).The distribution of rs3803662 genotype was associated with age at diagnosis,clinical stages,menstrual duration and clinical characteristics(P＜0.05).The rate of homozygous mutation carrier increased significantly with the menstrual duration(P_Trend=0.034).Conclusion The variant genotype of rs3803662 in TOX3 was associated with DIC and SBR3.The distribution of rs3803662 genotype was associated with clinical stages,menstrual duration and clinical characteristics.

Objective To study the expression of heat shock proteins 70(HSP70),p53 and proliferation cell nuclear antigen(PCNA),and the mechanism of apoptosis induced by arsenic trioxide(As₂O₃)combined with hyperthermia in implanted liver cancer of rats.Methods The rat model of hepatocarcinoma was established and were randomly distributed into 4 groups including control group,which was treated with normal saline,As₂O₃ therapy group,which was treated with As₂O₃ at the concentration of 0.1% for 7d consecutively,hyperthermia group,which was treated with heat,and combination therapy group,which was treated with As₂O₃ combined with hyperthermia.After those treatments,the apoptosis,the expression of heat shock proteins 70(HSP70),p53 and the proliferation cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)in the cancer tissue were determined by histopathological examination and immuno-histochemical examination.Results The application of the combined treatment with As₂O₃ and hyperthermia,which induced a large number of necrotic and apoptotic cells in the cancer tissue,showed significantly higher anticancer effect than the use of As₂O₃ or hyperthermia separately.The expression of HSP70,p53 and PCNA was 30.12%±3.60%,27.64%±4.90% and 74.23%±6.35% in the control group.The expression of HSP70,p53 and PCNA was 87.41%±5.70%,90.06%±6.42% and 22.10%±6.17% in the group treated with the combination of As₂O₃ and hyperthermia.In the cancer tissue treated with the combination of As₂O₃ and hyperthermia,the expression of PCNA was significantly decreased(P=0.000 and P＜0.05),while the expression of HSP70 and p53 was significantly increased(P=0.000 and P＜0.05).Conclusion The results demonstrated that As₂O₃ and hyperthermia showed synergistic effect against liver cancer by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells.These data implicated that the combination of As₂O₃ and hyperthermia could be an effective approach for the treatment of liver cancer.

Objective To determine the clinical significance of MMP7 protein expression in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer(EOC).Methods MMP7 expression was evaluated using immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization in 10 normal ovarian tissues,10 benign ovariantumors and 54 EOCs.Results MMP7 was not expressed in normal ovarian tissues and benign ovarian tumors.The rate of positive expression of MMP7 in EOC cells is 88.89%,and the expression of MMP7 in EOC was correlated with clinical stage and pathological grades,but not with lymph node metastasis.The expression of MMP7 and mRNA also had positive correlation in EOC(P＜0.0001).Conclusion MMP7 expression is up regulated in EOC.It plays an important role in the tumor growth of EOC.MMP7 protein and mRNA may be used as a prognostic factor in EOC.

Objective To evaluate the role of transrectal ultrasonography(TRUS),serum PSA and relavant parameters in prostate biopsy,investigate the feasibility of individualization of prostate biopsy strategies based on TRUS,serum PSA and relavant parameters.Methods Clinical data of 195 patients who had been carried out the first TRUS guided prostate biopsy were reviewed.The 8-core strategies were chosen in the patients.The suspicious lesions were increased 1-2 points biopsy.The association between prostate cancer(PCa)detection rate and patients'TRUS,PSA levels and relavant parameters was analyzed according to the biopsy results.Results 98 cases(50.3%)had PCa in 195 patients.Of 45 patients with PSA between 4~10ng/mL,16 patients(35.6%)had PCa.Of 10 patients with TRUS(+)and PSATZ≥0.35ng/mL²,all had PCa on pathological positive.Of 150 patients with PSA＞10ng/mL,82 patients(54.7%)had PCa.There were statistical significant differences between the patients with PSA between 4-10ng/mL and PSA＞10ng/ml two groups in the PCa detection rates,it was also found that there was statistical significance between TRUS(+)and TRUS(-).Conclusion Individualization of the prostate biopsy strategies according to TRUS,serum PSA and relavant parameters is feasible.

Objective To investigate the effect of neoadjuvant chemoradiontherapy to the resection rates and the sphincter preserving rates of patients with locally advanced lower rectal cancer.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 64 cases of low rectal cancer from January 2006 to Dectember 2010.All patients were divided into two groups A(n=34)and B(n=30),according to the way of treatment.Preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy group is received three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy.The accumulated dose of preoperative radiotherapy was 50Gy,2Gy per day,5 days one week and startes to walk scheme chemotherapy(Oxaliplatin +CF+5-FU)at the first week of the radiotherapy,Operation in 4~5 week after radiotherapy;group B(n=30),just a surgical operation.In all the patients,surgery was carried out according to the principle of TME.Results All patients completed the planned treatment.The tumors became smaller and more movable.The total remission rate is 64.7%.The resection rates of the two groups is 91.2 % and 66.7 %,respectively.The sphincter preserving rates were 79.4 % and 43.3%,respectively.Conclusion Peroperative concurrent chemoradiontherapy can improve the resection rates and the sphincter preserving rates so as that the quality of life in patients with locally advanced lower rectal cancer is improved.

Objective To study the effects of IL-24 on cytotoxic activity of cytokine-induced killer cells in vivo.Methods (1)Mononuclear cells were extract from health adult peripheral blood.one group added IFN-γ(1000IU/mL)at the first day and IL-1(100IU/mL)、CD3mAb(50ng/mL)、IL-2(300IU/mL)at the second day.The other group added IL-24(1000IU/mL)at the same time with IL-1、CD3mAb、IL-2;(2)Tumor-bearing mice were divided into five groups,and tumor volumes were measured every three days.Results The solid tumor volumes of IL-24 induced group are smaller than other groups(P＜0.05).Conclusion Added IL-24 during induced procedure can obviously enhance the cytotoxic activity of CIK cells in vivo.

Objectives To approach the correlation between the NO concentration and stenosis of tracheal lumens in the tracheal graft tissue,and the effect on the two factors with immunosuppressant.Methods Forty eight male normal albino rabbit were divided into group A and B,randomly and equally.Tracheal segment were allotransplanted in two groups.No immunosuppressant was given in group A,The recipients were treated with cyclophosphamide in groap B.Eight rabbits of each group were sacrificed at the third day,seventh day and fourteenth day after operation,and the NO concentration and the percent patency in these postmortem specimens were examined totally.Results Tracheal stenosis was found more serious in group A than in group B,There was significance in the difference between the seventh and fourteenth day after operation(P＜0.01).At different time(the seventh and the fourteenth day)after operation,the NO concentration in group B was significantly lower than in group A(P＜0.05).Conclusion The correlation was found between the NO concentration and stenosis of tracheal lumens in the tracheal graft tissue;Immunosuppressive drugs can reduce the production of NO,and help to relieve the tracheal stenosis after operation.

Objective To compare the effect and safety between microdose heparin and low-dose heparin in the treatment of surgical patients with solid tumors complicated with disseminated intravascular coagulation.Methods Fifty-eight cases with DIC were randomly divided into two group:30 cases treated with microdosage heparin(group MMDH),28 cases treated with low-dose heparin(group MLDH).The miscoheparin group were pumped with heparin(10~25mg/d)continuously for 3 to 5 days,and the low-dose heparin group were punmped with heparin(50~100mg/d)continuously for 3 to 5 days too.Other therapeutic principle was the same in the two groups,PT、APTT、PLT、Fbg、D-D were observed in the two groups before the treatment and after the treatment;cure rate、bleeding、the length of stay in ICU、the length of time of applying ventilator and the 28-day case fatality were recorded.Results In two groups,there were no significant differences in PT and APTT between pretreatment and post-teatment(P＞0.05).There were significant difference in other laboratory parameters(P＜0.05);Cure rate of miscoheparin group and low-dose heparin were 46.7% and 21.4%,respectively.There was significantly different between the two groups(P＜0.05);After pumping into heparin,1 case severely hemoyyhaged in the miscoheparin,while the low-dose group were 7 cases.There was significantly different between the two groups(P＜0.05);The length of stay in ICU and the length of time of applying ventilator in the miscooheparin were shorter than those in the low-heparin(P＜0.01),but there was no significant difference in the 28-day case-fatality between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion Using miscoheparin continuous transfusion remedied surgical patients with solid tumors complicated with disseminated intravascular coagulation and could increase cure rate and effect,and reduce bleeding and especially apply to the elderly patients and intracerbral hemorrhage.

Objective To investigate the expression of Mina53 and Ki-67 in the human colorectal carcinoma,and the correlation between the expression and the clinicopathology,study the clinical significance of Mina53 and Ki-67 in colorectal carcinoma,and afford a new molecule biological evidence and method for earlier diagnosis,prevention and therapy of colorectal cancer.Method 82 specimens of different colorectal carcinoma tissue were collected by surgery in the first people′s hospital in Jingzhou between Dec.2004 and Dec.2006.All of the specimens were detected with the immunhistochemical method of SP by the Mina53 antibody and the Ki-67 antibody,respectively.The relationship between the expression of Mina53,Ki-67 and the clinicopathology were analyed by SPSS13.0.Results The positive rates of the expression of Mina53 and Ki-67 were 78.05%(64/82) and 80.49%(66/82)in human colorectal carcinoma,respectively,which were significant higher than those in adjacent nonneoplastic tissues.The expression of Mina53 and Ki-67 was related to the Duke′s stage,the P value is 0.029 and 0.037,respectively.There was no obvious correlation between the expression and the age,tumor size and the pathological grade;univariate analysis of Cox proportional hazards regression model revealed that the expression of Mina53 and the stage were relevant to prognosis,the P value was 0.039 and 0.000,respectively.Conclusion Overexpressions of Mina53 and Ki-67 were found in the colorectal carcinoma compared with no expression in the adjacent nonneoplastic tissues,and this maybe illustrate the invasion and metastasis of the tumor.Mina53 maybe serve as a prognostic factor of colorectal carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the cause,diagnosis and treatment of gastric atony after gastrectomy.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 13 cases of gastric atony after treatment between 2009 and 2011,distal gastrectomy in 183 cases after operation.Results Gastric atony after distal gastrectomy occurred with age,operation trauma,injury of vagus nerve,postoperative analgesia,psychological factors,nutrition and so on.Conclusion Gastric atony treated with comprehensive conservation treatment.Prevention should strengthen management in peri operation period.

Objective To evaluate the effect and toxicity of gemcitabine combined with oxaliplatin in the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory of non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma.Methods twenty-eight patients with histologically confirmed relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma were enrolled in this study.The chemotherapy regimen consisted of gecitabine(1000mg/m² d1、8),oxaliplatin(130mg/m² d1)given every three weeks.Their clinical response was assessed after 2 cycles of chemotherapy.Results In the 28 patients,19 patients(67.8%)showed response including 8 patients complete response and 11 patients partial response.Nine patients′symptoms disappeared,and 4 in 13 patients were alleviated of type B symptoms.Drug related toxic effects was bone narrow depression.Conclusions GEMOX regimen possesses better short-term efficacy,acceptable toxicity.This protocol is worthy to warranted as salvage for relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma.

Objective Desmoplastic small round cell tumor(DSRCT)is a rare and highly aggressive malignant neoplasm.So the diagnosis of DSRCT is difficult,and the prognosis of DSRCT is very poor.Through the study in diagnosis and therapy of DSRCT,doctor can know it very well.Methods Three patients with DSRCT were diagnosed and treated in our hospital from January 2000 to May 2010.Acourding to the domestic and foreign literature,the study investigate the diagnosis and therapy of desmoplastic small round cell tumor.Results One boy didn′t get any chemotherapy,and he died after diagnosis for 4months,the other two died from 10~14months after few cycles chemotherapy combined Ifosfamide with Etoposide and Cisplatin.Conclusion The prognosis of DSRCT is poor.Now,the main method in DSCRT is chemotherapy and surgery,but the effect is limit.So the deep investigation is necessary in integrated treatment mode of DSRCT.

Objective To improve the quality of life of patients with esophageal carcinoma through nursing of Orem self-control pattern after radiotherapy.Methods 96 patients with esophageal carcinoma were randomly divided into control group and treatment group,respectively.The control group was treated by traditional nursing.Orem self-control pattern was used for the treatment group besides traditional nursing.Self-care ability and quality of life were research on the patients.Results The quality of life and self-care ability of treated group were improved significantly comparing with control group.Conclusion Orem self-control pattern could be effectively used for nursing patients with esophageal carcinoma after radiotherapy.

Objective To investigate Patients with esophageal cancer perioperative observation and nursing care.Methods Retrospective analysis was carried out for a total of 39 cases with clinical datas.Results 39 patients with esophageal cancer patients after an average hospital stay was 12.7 days,recurrent laryngeal nerve injury in 1 case,no anastomotic fistula,chylothorax,wound infection and other surgical complications.Conclusion Most patients with esophageal cancer after the disease is not stable,a higher incidence of complications.Therefore,perioperative care is essential for esophagcal cancer patients.

Objective To study the feedback and attentance experiences in 73 malignant tumor patients treated with CIK(cytokine induced killer)cells.Method Peripheral blood mononuclear cell(PBMC)from 73 malignant tumor patients were separated and gathered by blood corpuscle separate machine.The PBMC were cultured and proliferate in vitro and finally transfused back to these patients.The therapeutic effects were evaluated,and the adverse reaction were investigated.Results The sleep quality,appetite,stamina,and mental status were improved in 51 patients with different degrees,while no significantly improvement was observed in the rest patients;Except three patients(4.1%)observed with low-grade fever reactions,adverse effect was not found in all other cases(95.9%).Conclusion The CIK cells therapy is a safe,effective and feasible approach with few adverse effects for treatment malignant tumor patients,and the living quality of patients can be improved with the nursing interference.Therefore,the CIK cell therapy may have good application prospects in adoptive immunotherapy of cancer.

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common kinds of carcinoma in China and the morbidity has been increasing continually.Although much effect has been made in the field of treatment of colorectal cancer,the progress is not significant.So the prompt and accurate preoperative diagnosis,staging and restaging are very important clinical concerns for individual treatment;¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT,which combines the anatomical and functional imaging information,has been widely applied in these aspects and showed significantly clinical value.Most lesions of colorectal carcinoma demonstrate highly increased FDG uptake.The diagnostic accuracy of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT for primary lesions commonly ranges from 92.7%~95.0%,with a high sensitivity and specificity.¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT can earlier detect metastasis and is considered the best method of choice for preoperative staging.The diagnostic sensitivity,specificity and accuracy for the recurrence and metastasis ranges from 89%~94.6%,83.3%~100%,90%~98.3%,respectively.Comparing with the conventional imaging modalities,¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT can found more small and occult recurrent and metastatic lesions.Additionally,the metabolic changes of lesions can be earlier detected by ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT than by other methods such as CT,MRI,and ultrasonography,which are based on morphological characteristics.Therefore,¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT can play an important role in the evaluation of therapeutic effects and can provide evidence for further clinical decisions.In short,PET/CT is a safe,noninvasive functional imaging method of diagnosis,staging and restaging for colorectal carcinoma.

High mobility group box1(HMGB1)protein as a group of nonhistone chromosomal protein in the nuclear of eukaryote cell.HMGB1 promotes Neoplasm Metastasis by stimulating cell proliferation and inhibition apoptosis of Neoplasm cells,strengthening cell migration,enhancing activation of plasminogen,boosting lymphatic and blood vessel formation.HMGB1 has been over expressed by a lot of advanced cancers,and it is an important promoting neoplasm metastasis factor.

Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from Gynaecological malignancy in the world.It is a serious threat to women′s health.Currently,there is no method of early diagnosis and specific treatment in clinical.MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are an abundant class of small noncoding RNAs that function as negative gene regulators.They can completly or incompletly paire with the target mRNA,and lead to mRNA degradation or translational repression.In the present study,miRNA can play a key role in ovarian tumor cell proliferation,differentiation,apoptosis,metastasis and other biological processes.Therefore,miRNA may be an efective way of early detection and individual treatment in ovarian cancer.

The vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)is the most powerful angiogenic factor at present and plays an important role in the development of tumor.Overexpression of VEGF in breast cancer,lung cancer,gaetric cancer,head and neck cancer and the other malignant tumors was detected.In this article,overexpression of VEGF in laryngeal carcinoma was reviewed.

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies in the world.Abnormal function of intestinal cells′ transmembrane signal transduction systems is associated with colorectal carcinogenesis,of which Ras/Raf/Mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)cascade has been definitely and significantly involved.KRAS gene mutation leads the epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)′s initiation unnecessary for the activation of various genes in the downstream signal transduction pathways,which plays a major role in colorectal cancer′s genesis,progress therapy and prognosis.Therefore,testing KRAS gene status is essential in the clinical work,which demands for more precise of these processes.We sum up KRAS gene′s role in colorectal cancer and its mechanism,mutant incidence and testing methods.

Radiation therapy is the main method for cancer,which began in the late 19 century.There are nearly 100 years of brachytherapy and ¹²⁵I seed implantation is one kind of it.¹²⁵I seed has low dose and irradiate continuously.It can be implantation repeatedly.Compared with external radiation therapy,it is highly conformal,much more effective with minimal damage and few complications in treating malignant tumors.In recent years,¹²⁵I implantation for malignant tumors has been widely used in China.It is an ideal local treatment.But we still do not know its mechanism,the dose are usually based on the external radiation therapy.Research and related basic experiments are not reported much at home and abroad.Now,we will review the recent progress in this area.

Cervical cancer is still the second most common malignancy in women worldwide.The high-risk HPV(human papilloma virus)has been found to be the main cause of the majority of cervical cancers and its precursor lesions.p53 tumor suppressor gene can inhibit cell proliferation and promote apoptosis effectively.Nearly half of human tumors are associated with mutation and inactivation of p53 gene p53 protein degradation by HPV E6 protein is a precondition for cervical cancers.To selectively kill the p53 function-losing tumor cells while protecting the normal cells and to develop HPV vaccines,and the combination using of medicines are the cervical cancer gene therapy goals for clinical immunologist.