Appendectomy is an important component of surgical treatment for epithelial ovarian cancer(EOC).However,in clinical practice,there is no unified diagnostic and treatment opinion on its surgical indications and the benefits and risks of resection.Based on existing evidence-based medicine,combined with the treatment principles and disease characteristics of EOC,and referencing international relevant guidelines on the basis of China′s current diagnosis and treatment guidelines,this consensus systematically proposes the indications of appendectomy for the first time and clearly states that prophylactic appendectomy is not recommended during EOC surgery for an appendix with normal appearance.This consensus aims to provide a reference basis for the standardized treatment and clinical management of EOC.

Objective This study aimed to analyze the trends in the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer in Changzhou City from 2011 to 2021,and to predict the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer over the next five years,providing a scientific basis for the formulation of public health policy. Methods The surveillance data of prostate cancer from 2011 to 2021 in the Changzhou Cancer Registry were used to calculate the incidence,mortality,and standardized rates of prostate cancer for each year.The Joinpoint Regression Program(version 5.1.0)was employed to analyze the trends in the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer,and the average annual percentage change(AAPC)was calculated.Linear regression models were used to analyze the correlation between the average age of incidence and the average age of death with the year.A birth cohort model was constructed to analyze the age-specific characteristics of the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer in different birth cohorts.Furthermore,an autoregressive integrated moving average(ARIMA)model was constructed to predict the prostate cancer incidence and mortality in Changzhou City from 2022 to 2026. Results From 2011 to 2021,age-standardized incidence rate by Chinese standard population(ASIRC)of prostate cancer in Changzhou City was 15.75 per 100,000,and age-standardized mortality rate by Chinese standard population(ASMRC)was 5.03 per 100,000.The ASIRC increased from 8.71 per 100,000 in 2011 to 21.68 per 100,000 in 2021,with an AAPC of 9.48%(95% CI:7.43%-11.57%).The ASMRC increased from 2.87 per 100,000 to 6.41 per 100,000,with an AAPC of 7.96%(95% CI:4.90%-11.12%).Age-specific analysis revealed that the incidence increased most rapidly in the 60-69 year age group,with an AAPC of 12.86%(95% CI:11.45%-14.68%);the mortality increased most rapidly in the population aged 80 and over,with an AAPC of 10.42%(95% CI:7.67%-15.48%).The actual average age of incidence showed a decreasing trend year by year from 2011 to 2021(P=0.013),whereas the actual and standardized average age of death showed an increasing trend year by year(P＜0.05).The ARIMA predictions indicated that the ASIRC and ASMRC of prostate cancer in Changzhou City would continue to rise in the next 5 years,with ASIRC increasing from 22.88 per 100,000 to 28.04 per 100,000,and ASMRC increasing from 6.34 per 100,000 to 6.35 per 100,000. Conclusions The incidence and mortality of prostate cancer in Changzhou City are on the rise,and projected to continue increasing in the next five years.It is necessary to further strengthen early screening and standardized diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer,with a focus on men aged 50 years and above,in order to effectively reduce the disease burden.

Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the results and cost-effectiveness of upper gastrointestinal cancer screening under the Cancer Early Diagnosis and Treatment Project in the Huaihe River Basin of Huai′an City,Jiangsu Province from 2022 to 2024,and to provide a scientific basis for further optimizing regional upper gastrointestinal cancer prevention and control strategies. Methods A cluster sampling method was employed to select residents aged 40 to 75 who participated in the upper gastrointestinal cancer screening under the Cancer Early Diagnosis and Treatment Project in the Huaihe River Basin of Huai′an City from 2022 to 2024 as the study subjects.Health factor surveys and high-risk assessments were conducted among the target population,and high-risk individuals were mobilized to undergo endoscopy and pathological diagnosis.The high-risk rate,compliance rate,detection rate,and early diagnosis rate of participants with different characteristics were compared.Screening cost data were verified,and a health economic evaluation was conducted. Results From 2022 to 2024,a total of 26,081 health factor surveys were completed,identifying 14,629 high-risk individuals for upper gastrointestinal cancer,with a high-risk rate of 56.09%.Among them,a total of 10,128 individuals underwent endoscopy,with a compliance rate of 69.23%,which was higher in females than that in males(P＜0.001).A total of 137 positive cases of upper gastrointestinal cancer were detected,with a detection rate of 1.35%,which was higher in males than that in females(P＜0.001).No positive cases were detected in the 40-49 age group,with the highest detection rate in the 70-74 age group.There were 82 early-stage cases,with an early diagnosis rate of 59.85%.The cost-effectiveness analysis showed that the cost per detected positive case and early-case was 35,423.36 yuan and 59,182.93 yuan,respectively.The early detection cost index(EDCI)was 0.57,indicating that the screening project had good health economic value. Conclusions The upper gastrointestinal cancer screening under the Cancer Early Diagnosis and Treatment Project in the Huai′an City,Jiangsu Province,has good cost-effectiveness.In the future,health education for the male population should be strengthened to improve their compliance with endoscopic screening,and special attention should be paid to screening for individuals over 50 years old to further enhance the effectiveness of upper gastrointestinal cancer screening.

Objective This study aimed to investigate whether ursolic acid(UA)could inhibit the malignant biological behaviors of thyroid cancer cells by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Methods Human thyroid cancer SW579 cells were divided into four groups:the control group(treated with DMSO as a blank control),the low-dose UA group(2.5 μmol/L UA),the high-dose UA group(5 μmol/L UA),and the high-dose UA+Wnt agonist group(5 μmol/L UA + 0.3 μmol/L Compound 3f).The CCK-8 assay was used to detect the effect of UA(0-10 μmol/L)on the proliferation of SW579 cells;The colony formation assay was performed to evaluate the proliferative capacity of SW579 cells;Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis of SW579 cells;The cell scratch assay was conducted to assess migration ability of SW579 cells;The Transwell assay was performed to determine invasive capacity of SW579 cells;Western blot was employed to detect the protein expression of Wnt1,β-catenin,B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2(BCL2),and BCL2-associated X protein(Bax)in SW579 cells. Results Compared with the 0 μmol/L group,UA treatment gradually enhanced the inhibitory effect on the proliferation of SW579 cells with increasing concentration(P＜0.05),and the half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC₅₀)for UA to inhibit SW579 cell proliferation was 5.22 μmol/L.Compared with the control group,UA in the low-dose and high-dose UA groups significantly reduced the colony formation rate,scratch healing rate,and number of invasive cells as well as decreased the protein expression of BCL2,Wnt1 and β-catenin in SW579 cells,while the apoptotic rate and the protein expression of Bax were significantly increased(P＜0.05).Compared with the high-dose UA group,the high-dose UA + Wnt agonist group exhibited significantly elevated the colony formation rate,scratch healing rate,number of invasive cells,and increased the protein expression of BCL2,Wnt1 and β-catenin,whereas the apoptotic rate and Bax protein expression were significantly decreased(P＜0.05). Conclusion UA may regulate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by down-regulating the expression of Wnt1 and β-catenin,thereby inhibiting the proliferation,migration and invasion of human thyroid cancer cells and inducing apoptosis.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of problem-solving therapy(PST)on depression and quality of life in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)undergoing immune checkpoint inhibitor(ICI)therapy,and to analyze its potential effect on the efficacy and survival outcomes of immunotherapy,providing practical evidence for constructing a comprehensive treatment model for patients with advanced HCC that integrated physical and psychological therapies. Methods A single-center,prospective,randomized controlled trial was conducted.Patients with advanced HCC who were undergoing ICI therapy for the first time and had depressive symptoms were enrolled and randomly assigned in a 1∶1 ratio to the control group(n=53)and the experimental group(n=53).The primary outcome measure was depression score,and secondary outcome measures included objective response rate(ORR),disease control rate(DCR),overall survival(OS),progression-free survival(PFS),and quality of life score.On the basis of conventional treatment,the control group received supportive psychological intervention,while the experimental group underwent PST in addition to the control group′s treatment.Depression and quality of life were evaluated at T0(baseline,one day before intervention),T1(end of the 4th week of intervention),T2(end of the 8th week of intervention),and T3(16 weeks after the end of intervention).Subsequently,patients were followed up every three months for the efficacy and survival. Results There were no statistically significant differences in baseline characteristics between the two groups(P＞0.05).Depression scores at T1,T2,and T3 were lower than those at T0 in two groups,showing a downward trend,and the decrease was more pronounced in the experimental group than that in the control group,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).Quality of life scores at T1,T2,and T3 were higher than those at T0 in two groups,showing an upward trend,and the increase was more pronounced in the experimental group than that in the control group,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).The follow-up until November 2025 showed that the DCR in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group(92.45% vs. 71.70%,P=0.005),but there was no significant difference in ORR(33.96% vs. 22.64%,P=0.196).Survival analysis results indicated a statistically significant difference in short-term OS(＜12 months)between the two groups(P=0.006),with a higher OS within 12-month in the experimental group compared to the control group;However,there was no statistically difference in short-term PFS(＜6 months)between the two groups(P=0.087). Conclusion PST can alleviate depression in patients with advanced liver cancer,improve their quality of life,and enhance the immunotherapy benefits,and 1-year survival rate in some patients,but its underlying mechanism remains to be further investigated.

Objective Both obesity and molecular subtypes are important factors affecting the prognosis of breast cancer patients.This article aimed to explore the impact of body mass index(BMI)on breast cancer-specific mortality risk in female breast cancer patients with different molecular subtypes. Methods Clinical data of breast cancer patients diagnosed for the first time at Liaoning Provincial Cancer Hospital from 2016 to 2017 were retrospectively collected,including a total of 2,340 cases of primary,invasive female breast cancer patients.Survival outcomes were obtained through follow-up.The primary outcome measure was breast cancer-specific survival(BCSS).Univariate analysis was conducted on age,BMI,menopausal status,histological grade,tumor stage,Ki-67 expression,and molecular subtype.The Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze the impact of obesity(BMI≥28 kg/m²)on breast cancer-specific mortality risk in breast cancer patients with different molecular subtypes. Results Among 2,340 breast cancer patients,343 were obese,accounting for 14.7%.The proportion of obese patients was higher in luminal A and triple-negative breast cancer(P=0.005).There were 170 breast cancer deaths,accounting for 7.3%.Compared with non-obese patients(BMI<28 kg/m²)women,obese women had a higher risk of breast cancer mortality(HR=1.629,95% CI:1.118-2.375).Compared with luminal A patients,luminal B subtype(HR=1.918,95% CI:1.236-2.975),human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)overexpression(HR=2.119,95% CI:1.374-3.270),and triple-negative breast cancer(HR=2.114,95% CI:1.338-3.338)patients had a higher risk of breast cancer-specific mortality.After adjusting for confounding factors,obesity increased risk of breast cancer-specific mortality in patients with luminal A patients(HR=2.255,95% CI:1.338-3.802). Conclusion Obesity may be an independent risk factor for prognosis in patients with luminal A breast cancer,whereas no statistically significant association was observed in other molecular subtypes.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided iodine-125(¹²⁵I)seed implantation combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of recurrent ovarian cancer at the vaginal stump,and to evaluate its impact on patients′ quality of life. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 54 patients with recurrent ovarian cancer at the vaginal stump admitted to Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital from January 2010 to December 2023.The patients were divided into the study group(¹²⁵I seed implantation combined with chemotherapy,n=27)and the control group(chemotherapy alone,n=27)according to the treatment method.Both groups received a standardized chemotherapy with paclitaxel combined with carboplatin,and were followed up until 12 months after treatment.The short-term objective remission rate(ORR),disease control rate(DCR),levels of serum tumor marker(CEA and CA125),target lesion size,pain relief,Karnofsky performance status(KPS)scores,Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Ovary(FACT-O)scores,and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results After treatment,the ORR in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group(100.00% vs. 40.74%,P＜0.001);there was no significant difference in DCR between the two groups(100.00% vs. 85.19%,P=0.119).At 3,6,9,and 12 months after treatment,the levels of serum CEA and CA125 in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.001).At 9 and 12 months after treatment,the mean maximum diameter of target lesions in the study group was significantly smaller than that in the control group(P＜0.01).The pain relief rate in the study group(92.00%)was higher than that in the control group(72.00%),but the difference was not statistically significant(P=0.141).At 12 months after treatment,the KPS score and total FACT-O score in the study group were better than those in the control group(P=0.034).Treatment-related adverse events in both groups mainly included fever, abdominal pain, and nausea/vomiting. In the study group, fever, abdominal pain, and nausea/vomiting occurred in 1, 2, and 1 patient(s), respectively, whereas in the control group, the corresponding numbers were 2, 1, and 2. No serious adverse events were observed in either group. Conclusion Ultrasound-guided ¹²⁵I seed implantation combined with chemotherapy can significantly improve the local tumor response rate,functional status,and quality of life in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer at the vaginal stump,and is safe and effective as an individualized treatment option for such patients.

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most prevalent and poorly prognostic malignant tumors globally.Protein glycosylation,as one of the most abundant and diverse forms of post-translational modification(PTM),plays a crucial regulatory role in the occurrence and progression of HCC.This article systematically reviews the different types,regulatory mechanisms and biological functions of glycosylation modifications,and elucidates the mechanisms by which abnormal glycosylation affects the malignant progression of HCC through remodeling cell adhesion,promoting angiogenesis,regulating metabolic reprogramming,and mediating immune escape.Furthermore,this article discusses the translational potential of glycosylation in the diagnosis,prognostic assessment,and targeted therapy of HCC.Finally,this article provides an outlook on future directions in glycosylation,emphasizing its significant value in advancing precision medicine for HCC.

B cell-activating factor receptor(BAFF-R)is relatively stably expressed in various mature B-cell-derived tumors and is involved in maintaining the survival of tumor clones.Compared to traditional targets(such as CD19,etc.),BAFF-R is less likely to lead to immune escape due to antigen downregulation or loss,making it a promising immunotherapy target.In recent years,cellular immunotherapy targeting BAFF-R has gradually moved from experimental research to clinical applications,with chimeric antigen receptor T-cell(CAR-T)therapy emerging as a promising component of immunotherapy for B-cell tumors.This review will systematically elaborate on the biological basis of BAFF-R,the construction strategies of CAR-T,and the early clinical research progress of BAFF-R in various B-cell tumors.

Solute carrier family 1 member 4(SLC1A4),a neutral amino acid transporter,plays a crucial role in maintaining intracellular amino acid homeostasis,redox processes,and energy metabolism.As a ferroptosis-related gene,SLC1A4 expression is associated with poor prognosis in various malignant tumors.The SLC1A4 protein reduces the sensitivity of ferroptosis in tumor cells by regulating the uptake of cysteine and glutathione synthesis,thereby promoting the formation of chemotherapy resistance and remodeling the tumor immune microenvironment.This article reviews the role and mechanism of SLC1A4 gene in different malignant tumors,aiming to provide new targets for the diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors.

Globally,malignant tumors with high incidence and mortality seriously affect human health.Immunotherapy for malignant tumors has now become the fourth important treatment method after surgery,radiotherapy,and chemotherapy.Currently,tumor immunotherapies that have been developed for clinical application mainly include immune checkpoint inhibitors,tumor vaccines,adoptive cellular immunotherapy,and bispecific antibodies.Immunotherapy is entering an era of multimodal synergy,where it is combined with bioengineering,artificial intelligence,and nanotechnology delivery to ultimately achieve a paradigm shift from "disease treatment" to "precise modulation." This review summarizes the characteristics,limitations,and clinical research progress of different tumor immunotherapies,systematically expounds on the basic principles of tumor immunotherapy,analyzes the progress and challenges of tumor immunotherapy in addressing tumor immune escape,overcoming drug resistance,and reducing toxic side effects,and looks forward to the development direction of personalized precision therapy through multidisciplinary technological integration.

Chemoradiotherapy,as one of the main treatment methods for locally advanced cervical cancer,has played an irreplaceable role in improving patient survival rates.However,cervical cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy have a high incidence of malnutrition,which is related to factors such as metabolic disorders inherent to cancer patients,treatment-related adverse reactions,and patients` psychological conditions.Malnutrition can reduce treatment tolerance,increase the risk of treatment interruption,and even affect patient survival.Therefore,nutritional intervention has become an important component of anti-tumor treatment,and should be integrated throughout the entire process of chemoradiotherapy.However,in current clinical practice,only a small number of patients actually receive comprehensive and adequate nutritional support.Establishing a standardized and continuous nutritional management system throughout the entire process is of great clinical importance.This paper provides a review of the nutritional status,prognosis,assessment,and intervention of cervical cancer patients,aiming to provide a reference for clinical practice.

There are complex bidirectional interactions between nerve cells and tumor cells,which are critical for the body′s homeostasis and metabolism.Traditional neuro-oncology mainly focuses on tumors in the brain and spinal cord,and in recent years,the tumor neural microenvironment has received attention.This article comprehensively explores the interaction mechanisms between the nervous system and various solid tumors,aiming to elucidate the impact of the nervous system on tumor progression and its role in tumor immunity.This review focuses on the characteristics of neural innervation in solid tumors such as prostate cancer,pancreatic cancer,gastric cancer,lung cancer,breast cancer,and colorectal cancer,and further explores the potential therapeutic strategies targeting the neural-tumor interaction.