Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the trend of disease burden of prostate cancer in Jiangsu province from 1990 to 2019. Methods The disease burden of prostate cancer in Jiangsu province from 1990 to 2019 was analyzed using the 2019 Global Burden of Disease study on incidence,mortality,disability adjusted life years(DALY)rate,years lived with disability(YLD) and premature death-years of life lost(YLL)rate of prostate cancer in Jiangsu province.The annual percentage change(APC)and average annual percentage change(AAPC)of the age-standardized incidence,mortality,DALY rate,YLD rate and YLL rate by Chinese standard population of prostate cancer were calculated using Joinpoint software. Results From 1990 to 2019,the age-standardized incidence and YLD rate of prostate cancer in Jiangsu province showed an overall upward trend(AAPC were 2.10% and 3.20%,respectively,P＜0.05),and the age-standardized mortality,DALY rate and YLL rate showed a downward trend(AAPC were -0.42%,-0.48% and -0.69%,respectively,P＜0.05).The incidence and mortality of prostate cancer in Jiangsu province increased with age in 1990 and 2019,and the incidence and mortality were the highest in the ≥85-year-old group.The DALY,YLD and YLL of prostate cancer in the ≥85-year-old group all reached the highest values between 1990 and 2019. Conclusion From 1990 to 2019,the overall disease burden of prostate cancer in Jiangsu province tended to decrease,but the incidence level continued to rise,and disability burden caused by prostate cancer continued to increase.It is necessary to strengthen the prevention of prostate cancer.

Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence and mortality of malignant tumors in tumor registration areas of Yunnan province in 2017. Methods The incidence,death and population data of malignant tumors reported by various tumor registries in Yunnan province in 2017 were collected,and the incidence(mortality)of malignant tumors in the cancer registration areas of Yunnan province and age-stardardized rate by Chinese standard population(ASIRC),age-standardized rate by World standard population(ASIRW),cumulative incidence(mortality)of 0-74 years old,and the top 5 malignant tumors with incidence and mortality in the province were further analyzed. Results The incidence of malignant tumors in the Yunnan province′s cancer registration areas was 215.28/100,000(227.56/100,000 for men and 202.58/100,000 for women),the age-stardardized rate(ASR)China was 154.80/100,000(164.57/100,000 for men and 146.61/100,000 for women)and ASR World was 150.72/100,000(162.67/100,000 for men and 140.32/100,000 for women);the incidence of malignant tumors was at a low level before the 40-year-old age group,and then began to rise rapidly,reaching a peak in the 80-year-old age group,and then began to decline;the top five malignant tumors were lung cancer,breast cancer,colorectal cancer,liver cancer,and cervical cancer.The mortality of malignant tumors in the Yunan province′s cancer registration areas was 133.62/100,000(163.62/100,000 for men and 102.58/100,000 for women),the ASR China was 91.06/100,000(114.85/100,000 for men and 68.28/100,000 for women),and the ASR World 90.17/100,000(114.40/100,000 for men and 67.05/100,000 for women);the mortality of malignant tumors began to rise rapidly after the 45-year-old age group,and reached a peak at the 85+ age group.The top five malignant tumors were lung cancer,liver cancer,colorectal cancer,stomach cancer and breast cancer. Conclusion Lung cancer,liver cancer,breast cancer,and colorectal cancer are relatively serious malignant tumors in Yunnan province,and should be the focus of prevention and control of malignant tumors.In addition,the mortality of malignant tumors in middle-aged and elderly people is not optimistic.It is necessary to grasp the characteristics of cancer in time and do a good job in prevention and control.

Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence and mortality of all cancers of Baiyin in Gansu province in 2018. Methods Based on data of cancer incidence and mortality of Baiyin in Gansu province in 2018,the incidence and mortality rates,ranking and constituent ratio were calculated.The age-standardized rate was calculated and adjusted by Chinese standard population in 2000(ASIRC,ASMRC)and World standard(Segi′s)population(ASIRW,ASMRW),respectively. Results Malignant tumors incidence rate was 272.67/10⁵ in Baiyin Municipal in 2018,ASIRC and ASIRW were 178.33/10⁵ and 172.91/10⁵,and the cumulative rate(0-74 years old)was 18.93%;the top 10 incidence accounted for 74.73% of all cancers,The top 5 cancers with highest incidence were stomach cancer,lung cancer,liver cancer,colorectal cancer and breast cancer.Malignant tumors mortality rate was 146.55/10⁵ in Baiyin Municipal in 2018,ASMRC and ASMRW were 86.39/10⁵ and 84.57/10⁵,and the cumulative rate(0-74 years old)was 9.29%;the top 10 mortality rates accounted for 84.34% of all cancer,The top 5 cancers with highest mortality were stomach cancer,lung cancer,liver cancer,colorectal cancer and pancreas cancer.ASIRC and ASMRC in male is higher than that in female,rural areas are higher than urban areas;the incidence and mortality reached a peak in the 80-84 age group.Pingchuan and Jingtai have the highest rate of ASIRC and ASMRC,and Baiyin county has lowest of ASIRC and ASMRC. Conclusion The incidence and mortality rate of stomach cancer,lung cancer,liver cancer,colorectal cancer,breast cancer,pancreatic cancer is high,it is a cancer that needs to be prevented and controlled;since incidence and mortality of breast cancer and cervical cancer rank the top 5 in female,more attentions should be than male malignant tumors for female to prevention and control.

Objective The Objective of this study was to study the role and molecular mechanism of hsa-miR-93 in radiotherapy resistance of nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC). Methods Human NPC cell lines CNE-1,CNE-2,CNE-2R,HONE1,C666.1 and nasopharyngeal epithelial immortalized NP460 cell line were used as the research objects.The expression of hsa-miR-93 after radiotherapy in each group of cells was detected by qRT-PCR;The expression of STAT3 protein after radiotherapy in each group of cells was detected by Western blot;MiRwalk software and RNAHybrid software were used to predict the function and binding site of the combination of hsa-miR-93 and STAT3;The binding sites of hsa-miR-93 to STAT3 was detected by dual luciferase reporter gene assay;The expression of STAT3 was detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot;After the expression of STAT3 was silenced by transfection with siSTAT3,the clonogenic ability of NPC cells after radiotherapy was detected by cell colony formation assay. Results Compared with CNE-1 cells and CNE-2 cells(relative radiotherapy sensitivity),the expression of hsa-miR-93 in HONE1 cells and CNE-2R cells(relative radiotherapy resistance)decreased(P＜0.001),and the expression of hsa-miR-93 in each group was decreased in a dose- and time- dependent manner after radiotherapy(P＜0.05).Compared with CNE-1 cells and CNE-2 cells,the expression of STAT3 increased in HONE1 cells and CNE-2R cells,and the expression of STAT3 in NPC cells of each group after radiotherapy increased in a dose- and time-dependent manner.It was predicted that hsa-miR-93 could directly target STAT3.Overexpression of hsa-miR-93 could significantly inhibit the expression of STAT3 at mRNA and protein levels(P＜0.05),while inhibition of hsa-miR-93 could significantly upregulate the expression of STAT3(P＜0.05).Overexpression of hsa-miR-93 or silencing of STAT3 significantly reduced the number of NPC cell colony(P＜0.001).Inhibition of hsa-miR-93 attenuated the sensitivity of NPC to radiotherapy,while simultaneous inhibition of hsa-miR-93 and STAT3 could increase the sensitivity of NPC to radiotherapy. Conclusion hsa-miR-93 increases the sensitivity of NPC to radiotherapy by targeting STAT3.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of breast cancer cell-derived exosomes on the biological behavior of breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Methods Exosomes in human breast cancer MCF-7 cell culture medium were extracted and purified by ultracentrifugation,the morphology and size of exosomes were observed by transmission electron microscopy,and the marker protein of exosomes was identified by Western blot experiments.MCF-7 cells co-cultured with exosomes for 48 h were used as the experimental group,and untreated MCF-7 cells were used as the control group.The effects of breast cancer-derived exosomes on MCF-7 cell proliferation,clonal formation,migration,invasion,apoptosis,and epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT) were investigated by MTT,clonal formation,cell scratch experiment,cell invasion experiment,flow cytometry experiment and Western blot experiment. Results The shape of exosomes under transmission electron microscopy is a typical cup-tray or concave hemispherical structure,with a diameter of 40-110 nm;The results of Western blot showed that the exosomes′ signature proteins CD9 and CD81 were clearly expressed.The results of MTT and clonal formation experiments showed that the cell proliferation and clonal formation ability of the experimental group were significantly enhanced compared with the control group(P＜0.05);The results of the scratch experiment and invasion experiment showed that compared with the control group,the cell migration and invasion ability of the experimental group was significantly enhanced(P＜0.001);Flow cytometry analysis showed that the percentage of apoptotic cells in exosome-stimulated breast cancer cells was significantly lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05);Western blot results showed that breast cancer-derived exosomes increase the expression of N-cadherin and Vimentin,decrease E-cadherin expression,and promote the EMT process in breast cancer(P＜0.05). Conclusion Exosomes derived from breast cancer cells can enhance the cell proliferation,clonal formation,migration and invasion ability of tumor cells,promote the EMT process of breast cancer,and inhibit apoptosis of tumor cells.It shows that tumor-derived exosomes can be used as mediators for cell-to-cell signal transduction and play an important role in promoting information transmission of tumor growth and metastasis.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of microRNA-765(miR-765)targeting AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1A(ARID1A)on the invasion and migration of colorectal cancer cells. Methods Colorectal cancer tissues and adjacent tissues were collected from 35 patients with colorectal cancer,SW480 cells were cultured and divided into the control group,siRNA NC group,miR-765 siRNA group,mimic NC group,and miR-765 mimic group.qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of miR-765 and ARID1A mRNA.Transwell assay was used to detect the migration and invasion of SW480 cells.Western blot was used to detect the expression of ARID1A,matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9)and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)protein.Dual luciferase assay was used to detect the targeting relationship between miR-765 and ARID1A. Results Compared with adjacent tissues,the level of miR-765 in colorectal cancer tissues was significantly increased,and the ARID1A at levels of mRNA and protein were significantly reduced(P＜0.001),and there was a significant negative correlation between miR-765 and ARID1A mRNA in colorectal cancer tissues(r=-0.768,P＜0.001).Compared with TNM stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ patients,the level of miR-765 in colorectal cancer tissues of patients with TNM stage III to IV was significantly increased(P＜0.01),and the expression of ARID1A protein was significantly decreased(P＜0.001).After knockdown -765 expression,the number of migration and invasion,miR-765 level,the levels of MMP-9 and VEGF protein were significantly reduced in SW480 cells,and the expression of ARID1A protein was significantly increased(P＜0.05).After overexpression of miR-765,the number migration and invasion,miR-765 level,the levels of MMP-9 and VEGF protein were significantly increased in SW480 cells,while the expression of ARID1A was significantly reduced(P＜0.05).miR-765 targeted and regulated ARID1A expression. Conclusion miR-765 can promote the invasion and migration of SW480 cells by targeting and inhibiting the expression of ARID1A.

Objective The Objective of this study was to construct a prognostic risk model for lung adenocarcinoma based on N6-methyladenosine(m6A)regulators,and to provide a scientific basis for the prognostic evaluation of lung adenocarcinoma. Methods The mRNA expression and clinical data were downloaded from TCGA database.Differential expression analysis of the 24 methylation regulatory factors was performed using R software.Univariate Cox regression analysis was used to initially screen out m6A regulators associated with lung adenocarcinoma survival,on which variables included in the model were further screened by Lasso regression.The m6A regulators obtained from Lasso regression was used to construct the Cox regression model and to calculate the risk score for each sample.The expression of model genes IGF2BP1 and HNRNPC in normal lung epithelial cells(REAS-2B)and lung adenocarcinoma cell lines(A549 cells,H1299 cells and PC-9 cells)were detected by qRT-PCR(P＜0.01).Differential analysis of the paired tissues in TCGA database was used to detect the differential expression of the model genes in lung adenocarcinoma and normal lung tissues(P＜0.001).The model performance was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier survival curves and the ROC curve.The clinical characteristics of different risk groups were analyzed by a heatmap,and the independent prognosis of risk models was tested by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis combined other clinical parameters. Results Nineteen m6A methylation regulators were significantly differentially expressed in lung adenocarcinoma and normal tissues.Univariate regression analysis found four significant m6A-related regulatory factors for the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma(P＜0.01),and a prognostic risk model including two genes(IGF2BP1 and HNRNPC)was constructed using Lasso and Cox regression regression algorithm.The results of qRT-PCR showed that the relative expression of IGF2BP1 and HNRNPC was higher in A549 cells,H1299 cells and PC-9 cells than that in REAS-2B cells,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.001).Matched difference analysis for 59 pairs of lung adenocarcinoma and adjacent normal lung tissues from TCGA found that the expression of IGF2BP1 and HNRNPC in lung adenocarcinoma was higher than that in normal lung tissues,and the difference was significant difference(P＜0.001).Survival curve analysis showed that the survival time of high-risk patients was significantly shorter than that of low-risk patients(P＜0.01).The ROC curve results showed that the model could better predict the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma patients(AUC=0.724).Multivariate Cox regression showed that the prognostic risk model could be used as an independent prognostic factor(HR=2.357,P＜0.001). Conclusion In this study,a prognostic risk assessment model based on m6A methylation regulators was constructed,and the model has good predictive ability,which has potential reference value for formulating reasonable and effective individualized treatment plan.

Objective The Objective of this study was to use endostatin gene and ³²P-chromic phosphate colloid to treat implanted tumor of breast cancer in rats,and the hypoxic imaging agent ^99mTc-4,9-diazepine-3,3,10,10-tetramethyldodecane-2,11-diketoxime(^99mTc-HL91)was used to evaluate the changes of tumor hypoxia after treatment. Methods Eighty male Wistar rats were subcutaneously injected with walker-256 breast cancer cell to establish implanted tumor models and randomly divided into 4 groups,which were administered by intratumoral injection:the control group(0.9% normal saline),³²P group(³²P-chromium phosphate colloid),endostatin(endo)group(plasmid containing endostatin gene)and ³²P+endo group(mixture of ³²P-chromium phosphate colloid and plasmid containing endostatin gene).^99mTc-HL91 hypoxia imaging was performed at the beginning of treatment and 7 days after treatment,and the ratio of radioactive count(T/NT)between the tumor site and contralateral normal tissue of rats in each group was calculated.The tumor size was measured every 4 days,and the tumor growth rate was calculated.After 20 days of treatment,the tumor tissues were stained,and the positive rates of tumor microvessel density(MVD),apoptosis index(AI)and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)in rats in each group were calculated. Results The tumor growth rate in the ³²P group and endo group was lower than that in the control group,and the tumor growth rate in the ³²P+endo group was the lowest(P＜0.001).MVD and VEGF in the ³²P group were higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05),and those in the endo group and ³²P+endo group were lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The AI in the ³²P group and endo group was higher than that in the control group,and the AI in the ³²P+endo group was the highest(P＜0.001).The ratio of T/NT in the endo group and ³²P+endo group was higher than that in the control group and ³²P group(P＜0.05). Conclusion The changes of hypoxia in tumors after different treatment methods are different.^99mTc-HL91 can monitor the hypoxic status of tumors in vivo,so as to evaluate the therapeutic effect of tumor blood vessel inhibitors in the early stage.

Objective The Objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between preoperative serum thyroglobulin(PS-Tg)and lymph node metastasis(LNM)in papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC). Methods This study included 283 clinical and pathological data of PTC patients who underwent thyroidectomy from October 2021 to September 2022 and were confirmed by postoperative pathology.The relationship between PS-Tg and PTC LNM was analyzed by univariable and multivariable logistic regression,the nomogram was used to quantify the relationship between them,and the optimal cut-off value was determined by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves. Results The level of PS-Tg in the PTC combined with LNM group was higher than that in the pure PTC group(P＜0.05).Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that elevated PS-Tg level might be an independent risk factor for LNM of PTC,and the increase of PS-Tg level could explain approximately 15% of the risk of LNM in PTC. Conclusion Elevated PS-Tg level may be a risk factor for cervical LNM in PTC patients,and it has a certain predictive value for preoperative LNM diagnosis.

Geraniol(GI)is an acyclic isoprenoid monoterpene isolated from the essential oils of aromatic plants.So far,a number of experimental evidence has demonstrated that GI has various activities,such as anti-tumor,anti-inflammatory,antioxidant and antibacterial activities,as well as liver protection,heart protection and neuroprotection.GI has therapeutic or preventive effects on different types of tumor,and the mechanism basis of its pharmacological action has been revealed.In addition,GI enhances the sensitivity of tumor cells to commonly used chemotherapy drugs.GI controls a variety of signaling molecules and pathways that represent tumor characteristics.These effects of GI limit the ability of tumor cells to acquire adaptive resistance to antitumor drugs.Thus,the above studies indicate that GI can be used as a promising bioactive compound to treat or prevent chronicle diseases.This article reviews the research progress of GI in anti-tumor and other biological effects.

Tumor volume has an important impact on the choice of brachytherapy method,dose to organs at risk,local control rate,and survival prognosis in cervical cancer.With the rapid development of targeted therapy and immunotherapy,targeted therapy,immunotherapy and concurrent chemotherapy combined external beam radiotherapy shows great clinical application prospects in the maximum tumor volume reduction rate before brachytherapy and realize individualized treatment.Therefore,this paper reviews and summarizes the research progress of tumor volume in brachytherapy of cervical cancer in recent years.

Human telomerase reverse transcriptase(hTERT) is the core and rate-limiting component of regulating telomerase activity.It plays an important role in regulating telomere length,maintaining gene stability,and regulating the growth and development of tumor cells.At present,the research on hTERT has become a hot issue in the research of telomerase.In recent years,the study of hTERT in the transcriptional regulation mechanism of tumor transcription has been made new progress.The discovery of GA-binding protein alpha,a key factor of TERT promoter mutation,novel hTERT transcriptional regulators,and hTERT hypermethylated tumor region may provide potential new therapeutic targets.This article will review the transcriptional regulation of hTERT from promoter mutations,transcriptional regulators and epigenetic modifications,aiming to lay a theoretical foundation for hTERT-related research and the development of hTERT-targeted drugs.

Ferroptosis is a newly discovered programmed cell death in recent years,which is different from apoptosis,necrosis and autophagy.Abnormal regulation of intracellular glutathione or glutathione peroxidase antioxidant defense system and accumulation of iron iron-dependent membrane structure lipid peroxidation are the main pathophysiological changes of ferroptosis.Ferroptosis is involved in the occurrence and development of various diseases including tumors,ischemia-reperfusion injuries and neurological diseases.In recent years,studies have found that ferroptosis is closely related to urinary system tumors.This paper summarizes the relevant regulatory molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis in the occurrence and progression of urinary system tumors,aiming to provide a new direction for the clinical treatment of urinary system tumors.

Cancer has become one of the major public health problems that seriously threaten the health of the Chinese population.This paper summarizes the current situation of cancer epidemiology in Anhui province,sorts out the cancer screening model in Anhui province,and puts forward to some cancer prevention and control suggestions,provide some reference for cancer prevention and control work in Anhui province in the future.

Liposarcoma is a malignant tumor originating from primitive mesenchymal cells,which has remarkable tissue diversity and consists of cells with different degrees of differentiation and atypia.Liposarcoma is mainly divided into four subtypes:atypical lipogenic tumors(ALT)with MDM2-HMGA2 as the key gene/well-differentiated liposarcoma(WDLPS)and dedifferentiated liposarcoma(DDLPS),myxoid liposarcoma(MLPS)/round cell liposarcoma(RCLPS)with FUS-CHOP gene fusion as the main mechanism,and pleomorphic liposarcoma(PLPS)with complex and variable pathogenesis.The main pathological changes of ALT/WDLPS are the proliferation of pleomorphic mature adipocytes,DDLPS is high-grade sarcoma,MLPS/RCLPS is mainly composed of non-lipid stromal cells,and PLPS is characterized by atypical multivacuolar adipocytes.The tumor gene and clinicopathological changes contained in these four subtypes lead to the different clinical behaviors,treatment sensitivity and biological characteristics of these four subtypes.This paper summarizes and discusses the pathological and genetic changes of these four subtypes.

Multiple myeloma(MM)is a malignant disease with abnormal proliferation of clonal plasma cells.It is the second most common hematological malignancy in most countries,with an incidence about 1% of all malignancies,about 10% of hematological malignancies,and 0.9% in cancer-related deaths.The current clinical staging and prognostic assessment system mainly includes the International Staging System(ISS),the revised International Staging System(R-ISS),the mSMART staging system,and the International Myeloma Working Group(IMWG)stratification criteria,based mainly on tumor biology,tumor burden,and patient characteristics,without considering the immune and microenvironment-related factors,one reason is the lack of readily accessible biomarkers.In recent years,with the development of new techniques,such as liquid biopsy,molecular biology,and cytogenetics,many novel biomarkers associated with MM were identified,providing new methods for the early diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of MM.In this review,the progress of MM biomarkers will be discussed from several aspects of immune factors,bone marrow microenvironment,cytogenetics,and liquid biopsy.

Circular RNA(circRNA)is a kind of non-coding RNA with covalent closed-loop structure,which can play an important regulatory role in the proliferation,apoptosis,invasion and drug resistance and other biological processes of tumor cells.Exosomes are extracellular vesicles,which participate in material transport and information transmission between cells and can carry a variety of bioactive molecules such as lipids,proteins and nucleic acids.circRNA from the exosomes is enriched and stable in exosomes.circRNA from the exosomes plays an important role in early diagnosis,disease progression and prognosis evaluation of urinary malignant tumors.This article reviews the biological characteristics and functions of circRNA and the research status of exosomal circRNA in prostate cancer.