Objective This study aimed to study the incidence time trend and survival analysis of thyroid cancer among residents in Cangzhou urban area from 2010 to 2019,so as to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of thyroid cancer in Cangzhou urban area. Methods The surveillance data of thyroid cancer incidence in Cangzhou urban area from 2010 to 2019 were collected,and the incidence,age-standardized rate,annual percentage change in incidence(APC),average survival time and cumulative survival rate of thyroid cancer were analyzed. Results The average annual incidence of thyroid cancer in Cangzhou urban area from 2010 to 2019 was 18.64/100,000,and the China standardized rate was 17.60/100,000.The incidence in female was higher than that in male(P＜0.05).The incidence increased rapidly in the 20-year-old group,reaching the peak in the 50-year-old group,and then the incidence gradually decreased with the increase of age.The incidence of thyroid cancer showed an upward trend from 2010 to 2014(APC=41.95%,95% CI:3.68%-94.35%,P=0.035).The average survival time of thyroid cancer patients was 124.29 months,and the 5-year and 10-year cumulative survival rates were 93.2% and 90.4%,respectively.There was no statistical difference in the survival curve between different genders(P＞0.05),and the survival status of thyroid cancer in the group of patients under 65 years old was better than that in the group of patients aged 65 and above.(P＜0.05). Conclusion Thyroid cancer has a growing threat to the health of residents in Cangzhou urban area.The population′s disease and economic burden of residents caused by thyroid cancer should be taken to reduce through comprehensive intervention measures.

Objective The Objective of this study was to analyze the screening rate of urban high-risk breast cancer population in Hefei from 2014 to 2017 and its influencing factors. Methods A cluster sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on cancer risk factors and an assessments of breast cancer risk factors among residents aged 40 to 74 years old in 7 districts of Hefei city.Breast ultrasonography was performed on high-risk groups aged 40 to 44 years old for breast cancer,and breast ultrasound combined with breast mammography were performed on high-risk groups aged 45 to 74 years old for breast cancer.The screening rate of high-risk subjects were calculated,compared the differences of breast cancer screening rates in different characteristic groups,and analyzed the relevant influencing factors of breast cancer screening rate. Results A total of 45,563 breast cancer high-risk assessment were completed from 2014 to 2017,including 8,249 cases of breast cancer high-risk group.A total of 4,622 cases of breast cancer high-risk group participated in breast cancer screening,and the breast cancer screening rate was 56.03%.There was a significant time difference in the screening rate of breast cancer high-risk groups for breast cancer,with the highest screening rate(61.70%)in 2015—2016 and the lowest screening rate(51.73%)in 2016—2017.The results of multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that breast cancer high-risk groups with passive smoking exposure history,drinking,mental trauma,history of benign breast diseases,family history of breast cancer and family history of ovarian cancer were more likely to participate in clinical screening of breast cancer(P＜0.001).Compared with 2014—2015,the high-risk groups of breast cancer in 2015—2016 were more likely to receive breast cancer screening(P＜0.001).Compared with those with education level of primary school and below,middle school with education level were more likely to accept breast cancer screening(P＜0.01).The high-risk group of breast cancer with regular physical exercise,menarche age ≥12 years old,and breast feeding history was more difficult to accept breast cancer screening(P＜0.01). Conclusion Education level,physical exercise,menarche age,lactation history,passive smoking exposure history,alcohol drinking,mental trauma,history of benign breast disease,family history of breast or ovarian cancer are the influencing factors for screening rate of breast cancer.Publicity and education should be focused on the above influencing factors to increase the screening rate of high-risk groups for breast cancer.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and possible mechanism of arisaema decipiens volatile oil(ADVO)on the malignant biological behavior of thyroid cancer cells. Methods Human thyroid cancer TPC-1 cells were cultured in medium containing different concentrations of ADVO for 48 hours,and the cell viability was detected by CCK-8 method to screen for the optimal concentration.TPC-1 cells were divided into the blank group(conventional culture)and ADVO group(60 μg/mL),miR-762 mimics group(transfected with miR-762 mimics),miR-762 mimics NC group(transfected with miR-762 mimics NC),ADVO+miR-762 mimics group(60 μg/mL+transfected with miR-762 mimics),and ADVO+miR-762 mimics NC group(60 μg/mL+transfected with miR-762 mimics NC).The CCK-8 assay,flow cytometry and Transwell assays were performed in this study.The dual luciferase reporter gene assay was used to verify the targeting relationship between the miR-762 and neurofibromatosis type 2(NF2)gene.The relative expression of miR-762 and NF2 mRNA was detected by RT-qPCR.The expression of merlin,Yes-related protein 1(YAP1),p-YAP1,cleavage cysteine protease-3(C-caspase-3),E-cadherin and vimentin proteins was detected by Western blot. Results The viability of TPC-1 cells decreased with the increase of ADVO concentration(P＜0.05),and the viability of TPC-1 cells at the concentration of 60 μg/mL of ADVO was close to 50%.Compared with the blank group,the cell viability,the expression of miR-762,YAP1 and vimentin protein decreased,the apoptotic rate,the expression of NF2 mRNA and Merlin,p-YAP1,C-caspase-3 and E-cadherin proteins increased,and the number of cell migration and invasion decreased in the ADVO group(P＜0.05).ADVO could weaken the overexpression of miR-762 and inhibit the malignant biological behavior of TPC-1 cells(P＜0.05).According to bioinformatics prediction and the dual luciferase reporter gene assay,NF2 gene might be a potential target gene of miR-762. Conclusion ADVO can inhibit the proliferation,invasion and migration of TPC-1 cells and promote their apoptosis.The mechanism of action may be related to inhibiting the expression of miR-762,increasing the level of Merlin protein encoded by its target gene NF2,and activating related tumor suppressor signals.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the expression of lncRNA SNHG4 in breast cancer and the mechanism of regulating ferroptosis in breast cancer cells. Methods The tumor tissues of 100 breast cancer patients who underwent surgery in our hospital from January 2017 to December 2018 and the adjacent tissues 3-5 cm away from the tumor edge were collected,and the expression of SNHG4 in breast cancer tissues and paired adjacent tissues was analyzed by RT-PCR.The MDA-MB-468 cell line of breast cancer with SNHG4 knockdown and Hs578T cell line of breast cancer with SNHG4 overexpression were constructed.The CCK-8 assay was used to measure the effect of SNHG4 on the proliferation of breast cancer cells.The changes of iron and ROS were detected by iron content assay kit and MDA assay kit.Western blot was used to detect the expression of GPX4 and EP300 proteins.The correlation between the expression of SNHG4 and EP300,and SNHG4 and GPX4 was analyzed. Results The expression of SNHG4 in breast cancer tissues was higher than that in adjacent tissues(P＜0.01),and it was highly expressed in Basal-Like type and ER(-)breast cancer with strong invasion and migration(P＜0.01).The high expression of SNHG4 was correlated with the short overall survival(OS)and disease-free survival(DFS)of breast cancer patients(P＜0.01).Knockdown of SNHG4 resulted in decreased cell viability(P＜0.01),and this effect could be reversed by inhibitor of ferroptosis.In terms of mechanism,SNHG4 inhibited ferroptosis by up-regulating the expression of GPX4.The upstream of SNHG4 could be positively regulated by histone acetyltransferase,EP300,and EP300 was positively correlated with the expression of SNHG4(P＜0.01). Conclusion SNHG4 is highly expressed in breast cancer and can inhibit ferroptosis of breast cancer cells through EP300-SNHG4-GPX4 axis.

Objective The aim of this study was to study the differences of survival time and side effects of five radiotherapy techniques for breast cancer patients after breast conserving surgery. Methods Two hundred patients with breast cancer who received breast conserving surgery in the department of Tumor Radiotherapy,the First Hospital of Qinhuangdao from January 1,2015 to January 1,2017 were selected and randomly divided into five groups with 40 patients in each group.The first group (3D-CRT group)selected 3D-CRT technology,the second group (ff-IMRT group)selected ff-IMRT technology,the third group (VMAT group)selected VMAT technology,the fourth group (CRT+IMRT Group)selected CRT+IMRT technology,and the fifth group (CRT+VMAT group)selected CRT+VMAT technology.After breast-conserving surgery,all patients in the group were followed up for more than 5 years.The curative effect and side effects of the patients were evaluated after follow-up,including local recurrence (LR),distant metastasis (DM),disease-free survival (DFS),and overall survival (OS).The evaluation of side effects included acute radiation pneumonia,acute radiation dermatitis,and late stage radiation induced cardiac injury. Results There was a statistical difference for the DM rate among the five groups of patients (P=0.005),and the DM rate in the CRT+VMAT group was lower than that in the other four groups.The median time (DFS,OS)of patients in the CRT+VMAT group was significantly higher than those of the other four groups (P＜0.001).The incidence of grade 0 acute radiation pneumonia in the CRT+IMRT group was lower than that in the VMAT group (P=0.048).The incidence of grade 2 acute radiation pneumonia in the CRT+VMAT group was lower than that in the ff-IMRT group (P=0.015).The incidence of grade 2 acute radiation dermatitis in the CRT+VMAT group was lower than that in the VMAT group (P=0.032).The incidence of grade 2 late radiation cardiac injury in the CRT+VMAT group was lower than that in the VMAT group (P=0.047). Conclusion The efficacy of CRT+VMAT technology is better than that of 3D-CRT,ff-IMRT,VMAT,CRT+IMRT,and the side effects of radiotherapy are lower than those of CRT,ff-IMRT,VMAT and CRT+IMRT.The CRT+VMAT techniques is worth popularizing in clinical practice.The CRT+VMAT technology is preferred for radiotherapy after breast conserving surgery for breast cancer patients.

Objective A variety of bioinformatics analysis tools and immunohistochemical staining were used to investigate the expression and clinical diagnostic significance of sequence similarity 20 family members A(FAM20A)in thyroid cancer(TC). Methods The data related to thyroid cancer were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database,the expressed difference of FAM20A between TC tissues and normal tissues was analyzed,and the ROC curve was drawn to calculate the AUC value and evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of FAM20A in TC.The GSE205733 thyroid cancer dataset was downloaded from the GEO database to analyze the level of FAM20A gene in TC tissues,and perform the gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA).The protein interaction network of FAM20A was analyzed using the online database STRING.At the same time,the pathological tissue samples of 29 patients who underwent thyroid nodule surgery in the department of Thyroid Surgery,Beijing Luhe Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University from March 2022 to February 2023 were collected,and the pathological tissue paraffin sections and immunohistochemical staining was performed to verify and compare the expression of FAM20A in TC and benign thyroid nodule samples. Results The results of the TCGA database showed that compared with normal thyroid tissues,the expression of FAM20A was significantly increased in TC tissues(P＜0.001).The expression of FAM20A was associated with clinical TNM staging and pathological classification of TC(P＜0.05).FAM20A showed significant diagnostic efficacy for thyroid carcinoma(AUC=0.828).The analysis of GSE205733 data showed that compared with normal tissues,FAM20A expression significantly increased in TC tissues(P＜0.001).The GSEA enrichment analysis results showed that FAM20A was mainly related to signaling pathways such as P53 and interleukin.The STRING database showed that the proteins that interact with FAM20A mainly include PEAK,FAM20C and ENAM.The immunohistochemical staining results showed that the expression of FAM20A was significantly increased in TC tissues(P＜0.05). Conclusion The FAM20A gene is highly expressed in TC tissues,and is associated with clinical TNM staging and pathological classification of patients.It can serve as a potential molecular marker for diagnosis of TC and is associated with signaling pathways such as P53 and interleukin,providing a theoretical basis for studying the molecular mechanism of TC progression and the development of targeted drugs.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical value of contrast enhanced ultrasonography(CEUS)combined with acoustic radiation force impulse(ARFI)in the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary masses. Methods A total of 51 peripheral lung diseases patients who were confirmed by surgical or biopsy pathology in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from January 2019 to June 2021 were retrospectively studied,and their focus related data in routine ultrasound,CEUS and ARFI examinations were analyzed.The diagnostic performance of CEUS,ARFI,and their combination in differentiating benign and malignant masses was evaluated and compared. Results There was a significant difference between benign and malignant groups in whether the tumor was round or not under conventional ultrasound(P＜0.01).The rise time(RT)of malignant tumors in CEUS was longer than and the time to peak(TTP)was shorter than that of benign lesions(P＜0.05).In ARFI examination,the shear wave velocity(SWV)of malignant masses was significantly higher than that of benign masses(P=0.04).The sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of diagnosing malignancy in CEUS were 77.4%,85.0%,and 72.5%,respectively,when the occupied RT and TTP exceeded 10.5s and 19.5s,respectively.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of diagnosing malignancy in ARFI examination were 83.9%,50.0% and 70.6%,respectively,with a mean SWV ＞2.02 m/s.CEUS and ARFI met at least one of the criteria,with a sensitivity of 96.8%,a specificity of 40.0%,and an accuracy of 74.5% to determine malignant lesions. Conclusion CEUS combined with ARFI is more sensitive and accurate in the diagnosis of peripheral benign and malignant lung masses,and can effectively reduce the rate of missed diagnosis.

Objective The aim of this study was to explore the predictive value of nutritional risk index(NRI)for postoperative complications and prognosis in patients with resectable hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). Methods The clinical data of 137 patients with HCC after radical hepatectomy admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from January 2016 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to evaluate the therapeutic effect of NRI after hepatectomy,and the optimal diagnosis point was determined to be 99.The patients were divided into the high NRI group(NRI≥99)and the low NRI group(NRI＜99).The independent risk factors of postoperative complications were analyzed and the postoperative complications were compared between the two groups.The relationship between NRI and disease-free survival(DFS)or overall survival(OS)was analyzed in HCC patients. Results Compared with patients in the high NRI group,HCC patients in the low NRI group had a higher incidence of postoperative complications and were more prone to serious complications(P＜0.05).The results of multivariate logistic analysis showed that NRI,CNLC stage and surgical time were independent risk factors for postoperative complications in HCC patients(P＜0.05).The results of multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that NRI,age,tumor size and CNLC stage were independent predictors of DFS(P＜0.05).NRI,tumor size,CNLC stage,and history of hypertension were independent predictors of OS(P＜0.05). Conclusion Low NRI is an independent risk factor for postoperative complications in HCC patients,and NRI has an independent predictive value for the prognosis of HCC patients,which is positively correlated with DFS and OS of patients.

Bone is the most common metastatic site of advanced prostate cancer(PCa).Various cytokines such as receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand(RANKL),chemokine families,integrins,etc.in the bone microenvironment and PCa,are involved in bone metastasis of PCa through complex interaction mechanisms.Multiple bone-targeted drugs such as disphosphonate,denosumab,and radiotherapy drugs such as radium-223 have been approved for prevention and treatment of skeletal related events(SREs)caused by PCa bone metastases.This article reviews the biological mechanisms of prostate cancer bone metastasis and the research progression of bone-targeted drugs.

In recent years,the incidence of pancreatic cancer has gradually increased,and the proportion of elderly pancreatic cancer has also gradually increased,Therefore,in clinical diagnosis and treatment,more attention should be paid to the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer in the elderly.However,clinical practice has found that the diagnosis and treatment of elderly pancreatic cancer is still insufficient,the most obvious is the low rate of early diagnosis,so the proportion of patients receiving radical surgery is low,leading to poor clinical efficacy and prognosis.Currently,there are many feasible methods for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer,and minimally invasive surgery is an important choice for the clinical treatment of pancreatic cancer.This article discusses the status of early diagnosis and minimally invasive surgical treatment of elderly pancreatic cancer in order to provide a certain guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer in the elderly.

Non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)is the main cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor(EGFR-TKI)is a standard first-line treatment for targeting epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)mutations in NSCLC patients.However,primary or acquired drug resistance leads to treatment interruption and disease progression.TP53 mutation is the most common type of co-mutation in patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC.Many studies have shown that TP53-EGFR co-mutation indicates a poor prognosis for patients,and there is no consensus on treatment plan for patients with such mutations.This article reviews the prognostic value of TP53 mutation in patients with advanced EGFR-mutant NSCLC and the research progress of TP53-EGFR co-mutation in patients with advanced NSCLC.

Pyrroline-5-Carboxylate Reductase-1(PYCR1)is a key enzyme for synthesis of mitochondrial proline.More and more studies have shown that PYCR1 is highly expressed in various malignant tumors,affecting the biological behaviors such as tumor cell proliferation,apoptosis,invasion and migration,and is closely related to clinical prognosis.It is expected to become a new tumor biomarker,but its mechanism of action is relatively complex.This article will review the role of PYCR1 in tumorigenesis and development from three aspects: its mechanism of action,clinical significance and the effect of PYCR1 inhibitors on tumors.

Nuclear immunological kinship to rec A protein(Kin17)is a DNA or RNA binding protein,which plays a key role in damage repair,epigenetics,body development and carcinogenesis.In recent years,the role of Kin17 in tumors has received increasing attention.This article reviews the structure,function and research progress of Kin17 in tumors.

Epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)plays an important role in the occurrence and development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC).EGFR,as a biomarker,participates in multiple signaling pathways and is highly expressed in HNSCC.At present,a series of anti-EGFR targeted therapy drugs have been used in clinical research and treatment of HNSCC,including cetuximab,nituzumab,afatinib,etc.This article provides a review of the current treatment status and research progress of HNSCC anti-EGFR,in order to provide a reference for drug selection and prognosis.

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the tumors with high morbidity and mortality in the world.Due to the close and special relationship between intestine and liver,gut microbiota can affect chronic liver disease and promote the occurrence and development of HCC through the interaction between intestine and liver.This article mainly introduces that gut microbiota promotes the occurrence and development of HCC through intestinal leakage and MAMPs Toll like receptors,imbalance of flora and its metabolites,and regulation of tumor microenvironment.Targeting gut microbiota,such as antibiotics to kill harmful flora,antagonists inhibiting TLR,probiotic imbalance of flora and FMT to improve gut microbiota,provides a new strategy for the treatment of HCC.

Breast cancer is a malignant tumor with the highest incidence among women in the world,and it is also one of the main causes of cancer death among women.More and more studies have shown that breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease.Traditional high-throughput sequencing technology provides an important reference for the occurrence and development,accurate typing,diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer,but it still has limitations and cannot reveal the heterogeneity within the tumor.Compared with traditional sequencing technology,single-cell sequencing technology has been greatly improved in the sensitivity,accuracy and efficiency.This technology can analyze the molecular biological information of single cells in complex mixed cells,and show great advantages in tumor heterogeneity.It includes analyzing the transcriptome map of breast cancer from the single-cell level,exploring the heterogeneity of breast cancer microenvironment,exploring the mechanism of breast cancer metastasis and drug resistance,and exploring the clonal heterogeneity and evolution of breast cancer.This article reviews the recent research progress of single-cell sequencing technology for breast cancer in recent years,aiming to provide a theoretical reference for single-cell sequencing technology in breast cancer.