Objective The objective of this study was to analyze the incidence and mortality of malignant tumors in cancer registration areas of Yunnan province in 2018. Methods The data on the incidence, death, and population of malignant tumors in 46 cancer registration areas in Yunnan province in 2018 were collected. The incidence, mortality, age-standardized incidence and mortality, the cumulative rate from 0 to 74 years old, as well as ranking and composition of the top 10 malignant tumor incidence and mortality were analyzed, and stratified by region, gender and age. The standardized rates were calculated using the China 2000 national census standard population age structure and Segi′s world standard population age structure, respectively. Results In 2018, the crude incidence of malignant tumors was 214.84/100,000 in tumor registration areas of Yunnan province, and China age-standardized rate was 155.99/100,000 and world age-standardized rate was 167.30/100,000. The age specific incidence was at a low level before the age of 45, and rose rapidly after the age of 45. It reached its peak at the age of 80 to 84. The main malignant tumors were lung cancer, female breast cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, and cervix cancer. The crude mortality of malignant tumors was 128.63/100,000 in the cancer registration areas of Yunnan province in 2018, the China and world age standardized rates were 88.50/100,000 and 98.78/100,000, respectively. The mortality of malignant tumors was at a relatively low level before the age of 45, rapidly increasing after the age of 45, reaching the peak of death at the age of 85+. The mortality of all age groups in males was higher than that in females. The main malignant tumors were lung cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, stomach cancer and female breast cancer in the order of death. The incidence of prostate cancer was higher than that of Western China, and the incidence of esophageal cancer was lower than that of Western China. Conclusion The incidence of malignant tumors in cancer registration areas in Yunnan province is lower than that in Western China. Lung cancer, female breast cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer and cervical cancer are the cancers that need to be focused on prevention and treatment. The incidence of prostate cancer and esophageal cancer has local characteristics.

Objective The objective of this study was to analyze the epidemic characteristics and changing trends of thyroid cancer in cancer registration areas of Fujian province from 2011 to 2020, and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control work. Methods The incidence and death cases were collected and organized in the cancer registration area of Fujian province from 2011 to 2020. The data were combined and analyzed in the registered areas that met the evaluation criteria. The crude incidence and mortality, age-standardized rate(ASR)China, ASR Word, cumulative rate(0-74 years old)and annual percentage change(APC)of thyroid cancer were calculated. The population standardization rate was calculated using the population structure of the 2000 National Population census and the Segi′s world population structure. Results The incidence of thyroid cancer from 2011 to 2020 was 18.48/100,000, the ASR China was 16.16/100,000, the ASR Word was 14.19/100,000, and the cumulative rate(0-74 years old)was 1.38%. The mortality of thyroid cancer was 0.79/100,000, the ASR China was 0.60 /100,000, the ASR Word was 0.59/100,000, and the cumulative rate(0-74 years old)was 0.07%. The incidence was at a low level in the age group of 0-20 years old, rising rapidly after 20 years old, and falling after reaching the highest level in the age group of 50-54 years old(38.67/100,000). The mortality of thyroid cancer was at a low level before the age of 40, but significantly increases after the age of 40, reaching its highest level in the age group over 85(5.79/100,000). The APC values of total incidence, male incidence, female incidence, urban incidence, and rural incidence of thyroid cancer from 2011 to 2020 in Fujian province were 23.32%,25.69%,22.44%,30.05%,16.60%, respectively, the APC of age-standardized rate were 23.15%,25.96%,22.01%,30.82%, and 14.85%, respectively, showing an upward trend(P＜0.05). The APC values of total mortality, urban mortality and rural mortality were 6.89%,8.10% and 5.67%, respectively, showing an upward trend(P＜0.05), while age-standardized mortality, male and female crude mortality and China age-standardized mortality, and the age-standardized mortality in urban and rural areas were relatively stable. Conclusion Thyroid cancer is one of the main malignant tumors in Fujian province, with gender and urban-rural differences in epidemic characteristics. The incidence trend is obvious, and targeted comprehensive prevention and treatment work should be carried out.

Objective The aim of this study was to understand the high risk rate of liver cancer among permanent residents in Suzhou city, analyze the dietary related influencing factors of high risk of liver cancer, and propose feasible prevention and control suggestions based on this. Methods In 2021,8 townships and streets were selected through cluster sampling in urban areas of Suzhou city, and a questionnaire survey was conducted using the "Cancer Risk Assessment Questionnaire (2020 Edition)" from the Jiangsu Cancer Screening Project. The high-risk rate of liver cancer among residents with different characteristics were compared, and the impact of dietary related factors on the high risk of liver cancer were analyzed. Results In 2021, a total of 3 073 valid questionnaires were collected in urban areas of Suzhou city, of which 727 were high-risk individuals for liver cancer, accounting for 23.7% of the total population. The results of multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that consumption of meat, eggs, dairy products, fried foods, and processed meat were significantly associated with a high risk of liver cancer (P＜0.05). Conclusion The consumption of processed meats and fried foods is associated with a high risk of liver cancer, and daily consumption of meat, eggs, and milk can reduce the risk of liver cancer. Interventions targeting these dietary behaviors may help reduce the risk of liver cancer.

Objective The objective of this study was to explore the differential expression of circular RNAs(circRNAs)in multiple myeloma(MM)and predict their biological function. Methods Bone marrow samples of five MM patients who visited the department of hematology, Peking University Third Hospital from January to February 2023 and three healthy volunteers during the same period were collected for transcriptome sequencing to determine the differentially expressed circRNAs in MM. The miRNAs binding sites of circRNAs were predicted. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed on differential circRNAs. The real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR)was used to verify some circRNAs. Results A total of 926 differentially expressed circRNAs were found in MM and normal control bone marrow samples, of which 818 were up-regulated and 108 were down-regulated. These differentially circRNAs had a large number of miRNA binding sites, such as miR-619-5p, miR-17-5p, miR-20a-5p, et al. GO analysis showed that these differential circRNAs were mainly involved in biological metabolism processes such as cell protein metabolism, organic matter metabolism, and nitrogen-containing compound metabolism. KEGG analysis showed that signal pathways such as Rap1, FoxO, and AMPK were significantly enriched. The 4 circRNAs whose expression was significantly up-regulated were verified through qRT-PCR experiments, and it was found that circ_0004524 and circ_0003823 were significantly up-regulated, consistent with sequencing results. Conclusion MM patients have unique circRNAs expression profiles, and studies in-depth functional and mechanism will help provide potential molecular markers for the diagnosis and treatment of MM.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of microRNA-7(miR-7)combined with 5-fluorouracil(5-FU)on proliferation and apoptosis of 5-FU resistant colorectal cancer(SW620/5-FU)cells, and to explore the regulatory mechanism of miR-7 expression in sensitivity of colorectal cancer to 5-FU. Methods Colorectal cancer tissues and adjacent tissues surgically removed from May 2019 to July 2021 were collected;Colorectal cancer HCT116, SW1116, DLD1, and SW620 cell lines, normal colon epithelial NCM460 cell line, and 5-FU resistant SW620 cell line(SW620/5-FU)were cultured as routine methods. The expression of miR-7 in cells and tissues was detected using RT-qPCR. Both SW620 cells and SW620/5-FU cells were transiently transfected with miR-7 mimic, miR-7 inhibitor, and vector, respectively. They were divided into the miR-7 vector group(vector group), miR-7 mimic group(overexpression group), miR-7 inhibitor group(inhibition group), miR-7 mimic+5-FU group combined with 5-FU, and control group. The cell proliferation and the 50% inhibitory concentration(IC₅₀)of 5-FU were detected using the CCK-8 method. The cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry in each group, and Western blot was used to detect the expression of cleaved-caspase-3, Bid, mTOR, and p-mTOR proteins in each group. Results The expression of miR-7 in colorectal cancer tissues was significantly lower than that in adjacent tissues(2.1±1.28 vs. 8.4±2.49, P＜0.05). The expression of miR-7 in colorectal cancer cell lines was significantly lower than that in NCM460 cells(P＜0.05). The expression of miR-7 in SW620/5-FU cells was lower than that in SW620 cells(0.43±0.13 vs. 0.99±0.01, P＜0.05). After 48 hours of transfection, the expression of miR-7 in the mimic group was higher than that in the control group(5.14 ±1.18 vs. 0.96±0.04, P＜0.05), while the expression in the inhibitory group was lower than that in the control group(0.43±0.11 vs. 0.96±0.04, P＜0.05). Compared with the control group, the proliferation ability of SW620 cells in the overexpression group was significantly reduced, and the apoptosis rate increased(n=3, t=15.301, P=0.001), while the results in the inhibition group were opposite(n=3, t=17.610, P=0.002). The expression of cleaved-caspase-3 and Bid proteins in SW620 cells of the overexpression group were higher than those in the control group(n=3, t=14.367, P=0.008), while the expression of cleaved-caspase-3 and Bid in the inhibition group were lower than those in the control group(n=3, t=13.245, P=0.003). The IC₅₀ values of 5-FU on SW620/5-FU cells were higher than SW620 cells(1 210 μg/mL vs. 220.6 μg/mL, P＜0.05). Compared with the control group and overexpression group, the viability of SW620 cells and SW620/5-FU cells in the miR-7 mimic+5-FU group significantly decreased by(36.33±3.85% vs. 99.30±0.75%;55.43±4.65% vs. 99.30±0.75%)(P＜0.05), and the apoptosis rate increased. The level of p-mTOR protein in SW620/5-FU cells in the miR-7 mimic+5-FU group decreased(0.23±0.04 vs. 0.82±0.05, P＜0.05). Conclusion Overexpression of miR-7 can increase the drug sensitivity of SW620/5-FU cells to 5-FU, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of p-mTOR.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of heparanase(HPA), monocyte chemokine-1(MCP-1)and chemokine receptor 2(CCR2)in human gastric cancer, and to explore the molecular mechanism of HPA induced invasion and metastasis of human gastric cancer cells. Methods Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of HPA, MCP-1 and CCR2 proteins in 74 cases of human gastric cancer tissues. Human gastric cancer MGC803 cells, MGC803-HPA cells(HPA protein overexpressing cell line), SGC7901 cells, and SGC7901-HPA(-)cells(HPA protein knockdown cell line)were cultured. MGC803 cells and SGC7901 cells were used as the experimental group, MGC803-HPA cells and SGC7901-HPA(-)cells were used as the control group. MTT experiment was used to detect the optimal inhibitory concentration of CCR2 inhibitor(RS504393)in MGC803-HPA cells. Western blot experiment was used to detect the expression of various proteins in human gastric cancer cells. The scratch experiment and Transwell invasion assay were used to detect the abilities of migration and invasion in human gastric cancer cells. Results The positive expression of HPA and MCP-1/CCR2 proteins in human gastric cancer tissues was closely related to the location, degree of differentiation, depth of invasion and lymph node metastasis of human gastric cancer(P＜0.05). There is a positive correlation between HPA protein expression and MCP-1/CCR2 protein expression in human gastric cancer tissues(P＜0.05). HPA overexpression could promote cell migration and invasion(P＜0.05), and the CCR2 inhibitor RS504393 could inhibit the migration and matrix invasion ability enhanced by HPA overexpression in gastric cancer cells(P＜0.05). Conclusion HPA protein is an upstream factor that induces the expression of MCP-1/CCR2 protein in human gastric cancer. HPA induces invasion and metastasis of human gastric cancer by up-regulating MCP-1/CCR2 protein expression.

Objective The objective of this study was to detect the expressions of Galectin-9(Gal-9)and CD8 in osteosarcoma tissues, analyze the relationship between their expression and the clinical pathological features of osteosarcoma, and explore the impact on prognosis. Methods This study included 58 patients with initial diagnosis, surgical resection, and postoperative pathological confirmation of osteosarcoma from 2006 to 2016, and collected their clinical and pathological data. The expression of Gal-9 and CD8 was detected and the disease-free survival(DFS)and overall survival(OS)of osteosarcoma patients were statistically analyzed. Results The immunohistochemical results revealed that Gal-9 was low expressed in 47 cases(81.0%)and highly expressed in 11 cases(19.0%);CD8 was low expressed in 28 cases(48.3%)and highly expressed in 30 cases(51.7%). The high expression group of Gal-9 showed a significantly increase in tumor diameter compared to the low expression group(P＜0.05). Compared with the high expression group, the low expression group of CD8 significantly shortened DFS(P＜0.05). The group with low expression of Gal-9 and high expression of CD8(n=24)had a significantly higher proportion of women, shorter tumor diameter, and longer DFS and OS(P＜0.05). Multivariate Cox analysis showed that low expression of Gal-9 and high expression of CD8 were independent prognostic factors affecting DFS and OS in patients with osteosarcoma(P＜0.05). Conclusion Low expression of Gal-9 and high expression of CD8 in osteosarcoma patients indicate a better prognosis, which can provide a basis for prognostic stratification and selection of immunotherapy targets in osteosarcoma patients.

Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between the expression of proteasome activating factor PA28γ and microRNA-7-5p(miR-7-5p)and postoperative survival in cancer tissues of patients with non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC). Methods The clinical data of 82 NSCLC patients who underwent surgical treatment from March 2018 to May 2020 were retrospectively analyzed, and immunohistochemistry and qPCR were used to detect the expression of PA28γ and miR-7-5p in cancer tissue and adjacent tissue samples. Their correlation between PA28γ and miR-7-5P and pathological characteristics of NSCLC patients was analyzed. Postoperative follow-up was conducted for 14 to 42 months to observe the patient′s survival and draw a ROC curve to analyze the predictive effect of PA28γ and miR-7-5p expression in cancer tissues on the prognosis of patients with NSCLC. Results The expression of PA28γ in NSCLC cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in adjacent tissues as determined by immunohistochemistry. The expression of miR-7-5p was significantly lower than that in adjacent tissues as determined by qPCR(P＜0.05). PA28γ expression in NSCLC cancer tissues was significantly different from that in adjacent tissues, and negatively correlated with miR-7-5p(r=-0.557, P＜0.001). The expression of PA28γ was correlated with tumor differentiation, TNM stage, depth of invasion and distant metastasis(P＜0.05);the expression of miR-7-5p was correlated with tumor pathological type, degree of differentiation, TNM staging, depth of invasion and distant metastasis(P＜0.05). The ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC of PA28γ expression in predicting survival was 0.696(95% CI:0.555-0.837), and the AUC of miR-7-5p expression was 0.853(95% CI:0.735-0.971). Conclusion Both PA28γ and miR-7-5p are abnormally expressed in NSCLC tissues, and are closely related to the pathological characteristics such as cancer cell differentiation degree, TNM stage, depth of invasion, and distant metastasis. It is speculated that they are both involved in the occurrence and development of NSCLC, which can be used as a tumor marker for early diagnosis and targeted therapy of NSCLC.

Objective The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between growth arrest specific gene 1(GAS1), immunotherapy and drug sensitivity in breast cancer patients. Methods The expression of GAS1 in breast tissues and its relationship with clinicopathological features were analyzed using TCGA database data. The relationship between GAS1 and gene set was explored by GSEA enrichment analysis. The CIBERSORT method was used to analyze the proportion of 22 types of immune cells and explore the relationship between GAS1 and immune infiltrating cells. The TCIA database was used to evaluate the relationship between GAS1 expression and the CTLA4 and PD1 immunophenotypic scores. The GDSC database was used to explore the relationship between GAS1 and different drug sensitivities. The data of 96 cases of breast cancer patients and 33 cases of adjacent tissues from January 2016 to December 2017 in the department of Breast Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University were used for GAS1 immunohistochemical staining verification. Results The results of TCGA database showed that the expression of GAS1 in breast cancer tissues was significantly lower than that in breast adjacent tissues(P＜0.001), and the level of GAS1 was correlated with age(P=0.040). Multiple pathways, including cell adhesion molecules, were mainly enriched in the high expression group of GAS1. There were significant differences in CD8 T cells, follicular helper T cells and macrophage M1 between the high and low expression groups of GAS1(P＜0.05). The ips_ctla4_neg_pd1_pos and ips_ctla4_pos_pd1_pos scores in the high expression group of GAS1 were higher than those of the low expression group of GAS1, and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05). The IC₅₀ values of docetaxel, epirubicin, cisplatin, fluvestrant, paclitaxel, palbociclib, and olaparib in the high expression group of GAS1 were lower than those in the low expression group, and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05). In clinical samples, the proportion of high GAS1 expression in cancer tissue of breast cancer patients was significantly lower than that in adjacent tissues(P＜0.001). The expression of GAS1 was related to whether the molecular typing was triple negative, histological grading, and CK5/6 status(P＜0.05). Conclusion Breast cancer patients with high GAS1 expression are more sensitive to the immunotherapeutic drug PD1 and some common chemotherapy drugs, and GAS1 can be used to predict the sensitivity of breast cancer patients to these drugs.

Objective The aim of this study was to explore the expression of B7 homologou 4(B7-H4)in breast cancer tissues, and its correlation with axillary lymph node metastasis in patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Methods A total of 82 patients with breast cancer who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy in our hospital from January 2020 to June 2022 were selected as the subjects. Biopsies were used to evaluate the pathological types of tumors. After neoadjuvant chemotherapy and modified radical mastectomy for breast cancer, breast cancer tissue and adjacent normal tissue samples were obtained, and immunohistochemistry was used to analyze the expression of B7-H4 in tissues. According to the pathological diagnosis of postoperative patients, they were divided into the axillary lymph node metastasis group and the axillary lymph node non-metastasis group. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the factors affecting lymph node metastasis after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the diagnostic value of B7-H4 for axillary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. A nomogram model was constructed, and the ROC curve and calibration curve were used to verify the discrimination and accuracy of nomogram model. Results The positive rate of B7-H4 expression in breast cancer tissue was higher than that of adjacent tissue(85.37% vs. 9.76%, P＜0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that B7-H4 expression, the number of positive axillary lymph nodes before surgery, the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the tumor T stage after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, ER status, HER2 status, Ki-67 expression, and the number of cycles for chemotherapy completion were risk factors for axillary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy(P＜0.05). The area under the ROC curve for B7-H4 in diagnosing axillary lymph node metastasis was 0.783(95% CI:0.738-0.836, P＜0.001). C-index was 0.819(95% CI:0.722-0.903, P＜0.001), the reference curve and the fitting curve had a good agreement, and the nomogram showed good discrimination and accuracy. Conclusion B7-H4 is highly expressed in breast cancer tissues, and its high expression is positively correlated with axillary lymph node metastasis in patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Breast cancer is the most common tumor worldwide with a good overall prognosis. However, some patients still endure tumor progression after surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, endocrine therapy and targeted therapy. For patients with progressive disease, immunotherapy has become an alternative treatment option. As one of the main immunotherapeutic approaches, the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)in breast cancer treatment continues to expand, providing new options for neoadjuvant treatment, and neoadjuvant treatment improves breast conservation rates. It has important clinical significance in evaluating therapeutic efficacy, and guiding individualized treatment. This article will review the current clinical research progress of ICIs in the neoadjuvant treatment of various subtypes of early breast cancer.

Gastric cancer, as a highly invasive and heterogeneous malignant tumor, is a thorny global health issue. Currently, conventional chemotherapy for gastric cancer has limitations such as drug resistance, susceptibility to recurrence, and severe adverse reaction. In recent years, many researchers have conducted many studies in-depth on tumors related to genes and the mechanisms of tumor occurrence and development, developed kinds of new drugs for gastric cancer treatment, including targeted drugs, immunotherapy drugs, etc., and formulated different combination therapy strategies, which greatly improved the efficacy of gastric cancer patients. This article will review the research status and progress of immunotherapy for gastric cancer in recent years.

Colorectal cancer is one of the common malignant tumors worldwide, and ranks second in tumor-related deaths. The treatment methods are mainly surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. With the continuous exploring mechanisms of proliferation, invasion, and metastasis in colorectal cancer cells and the advancement of medical technology, there are now more and more treatment options and postoperative monitoring methods for colorectal cancer. However, the postoperative recurrence rate and mortality rate of patients are still high, and the prognosis is poor. At present, the assessment of the condition mainly relies on imaging examination and tumor marker screening, but there are certain limitations and delays in monitoring disease recurrence. Therefore, it is particularly important to find suitable clinical indicators to assist in monitoring disease recurrence without increasing the economic burden on patients. In recent years, there have been continuous studies suggesting that chronic inflammation is related to tumors. The systemic immune-inflammation index(SII)based on platelets, neutrophils, and lymphocytes has shown great application prospects and may become a simple, economical, reproducible, and non-invasive reference index for the prognosis of colorectal cancer. This article will review the research results related to SII and prognosis of colorectal cancer in recent years.

Cancer-associated fibroblasts(CAFs)are the main components of the matrix and associated tumor microenvironment, playing an important role in the occurrence and development of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC). Many studies have demonstrated that CAFs are involved in regulating the proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and resistance to chemotherapy drugs of cancer cells by secreting various types of cytokines and chemokines, growth factors, and extracellular matrix proteins. This article will review the source, activation mechanisms, and role of CAFs in the occurrence and development of NSCLC, so as to gain a deeply understanding the progression mechanism of NSCLC and provide new ideas for its treatment.