Objective The objective of this study was to analyze the incidence and mortality of malignant tumors in Fuqing city in 2019,as well as and the trend changes from 2015 to 2019. Methods The data of tumor registration in Fuqing city in 2019 were collected and organized.The crude incidence and mortality of tumor,China age-standardized rates,world standard rates and cumulative rate(0-74 years old),age-specific rate,and the top 10 malignant tumor incidence and mortality order were calculated.The China age-standardized rate and World age-standardized rate were calculated based on the Chinese standard population from the 2000 National Population Census(ASRC)and Segi′s World standard population(ASRW),respectively.The Joinpoint software was used to calculate the annual percentage change(APC)of incidence/mortality from 2015 to 2019. Results In 2019,the crude incidence of new malignant tumors in Fuqing city was 343.76/100,000(346.30/100,000 for male and 341.06/100,000 for females),ASRC rate was 255.78/100,000,ASRW rate was 244.91/100,000,and the cumulative rate(0-74 years old)was 27.75%.In 2019,the crude mortality of malignant tumors in Fuqing city was 163.63/100,000(212.26/100,000 for male and 111.95/100,000 for female),ASRC rate was 110.82/100,000,ASRW rate was 107.82/100,000,and the cumulative rate(0-74 years old)was 12.07%.The top 10 incidence of cancers were lung cancer,thyroid cancer,female breast cancer,liver cancer,stomach cancer,colorectum cancer,cervix cancer,esophagus cancer,prostate cancer and brain tumors,accounting for about 80.96% of all cancers.The top 10 mortality of cancers were lung cancer,liver cancer,stomach cancer,esophageal cancer,colorectal cancer,female breast cancer,prostate cancer,brain tumors,pancreas cancer and cervix cancer,accounting for about 81.03% of all cancer deaths.From 2015 to 2019,the overall incidence of malignant tumors in Fuqing city showed a fluctuating upward trend(APC=1.41%,P＞0.05),and the overall mortality showed a slight downward trend(APC=-0.8%,P＞0.05),but the changing trends were not statistically significant. Conclusion The overall incidence and mortality of malignant tumors in Fuqing city are at a high level.Lung cancer,thyroid cancer and digestive system malignant tumors are the key malignant tumors endangering the health of residents in Fuqing city,and monitoring and prevention should be strengthened.

Objective In order to determine the incidence and mortality of uterine body cancer in Gansu province in 2019,the epidemic characteristics and the change trend of incidence and death from 2010 to 2019 were analyzed. Methods The quality control qualified data in Gansu province tumor registration center were used,uterine body cancer in urban and rural,age-specific incidence (mortality),the China standardized rate by Chinese population,the World standardized rate by World population,cumulative rate,crude incidence (mortality),composition ratio and rank,average annual percentage change (AAPC) and other indicators were calculated. Results In 2019,uterine body cancer in Gansu province ranked the seventh in the incidence of female malignant tumors,with a crude incidence of 4.43/100,000,the China standardized incidence was 3.28/100,000,and the World standardized incidence was 3.19/100,000.In 2019,uterine body cancer in Gansu province ranked the sixth among the mortality of female malignant tumors,with the crude mortality of 0.56/100,000,the China standardized mortality was 0.36/100,000,and the World standardized mortality was 0.35/100,000.The peak of morbidity (mortality) was in the age range of 50 to 54 years old.From 2010 to 2019,the incidence of uterine body cancer in Gansu province showed an overall upward trend.The China standardized incidence was AAPC=4.34% (95% CI:1.60%-7.15%),with a statistically significant trend (P＜0.05);The mortality of uterine body cancer showed a fluctuating pattern of first rising,then decreasing,and increasing again,showing an overall downward trend.The China standardized mortality was AAPC=-11.35% (95% CI:-26.77%-7.32%),and the trend was not statistically significant (P＞ 0.05).The incidence (mortality) in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas. Conclusion The overall incidence of uterine body cancer in Gansu province is on the rise,and the death is on the decline.However,mortality in rural areas is on the rise.It is recommended to vigorously promote women′s health science popularization and education throughout the province,strictly implement the comprehensive measures of “early detection,early diagnosis,early treatment”,and focus on the prevention and control of women aged 50-54,especially strengthening the early diagnosis and treatment of uterine body cancer in rural areas.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of LncRNA OTUD6B-AS1 on the proliferation,migration and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. Methods Lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell line was cultured in vitro,and transient transfection of OTUD6B-AS1 and empty plasmid group were used as the control group.Overexpression and control cell models were constructed,and divided into OTUD6B-AS1 overexpression group and empty plasmid group(NC group).The cell model was divided into the empty plasmid group(NC group)and OTUD6B-AS1 overexpression group.The transfection efficiency of OTUD6B-AS1 mRNA was verified through qRT-PCR.The CCK-8 experiment was used to detect the effect of OTUD6B-AS1 on the proliferation activity of lung adenocarcinoma cells,and the Transwell assay was used to detect the effect of OTUD6B-AS1 on the migration and invasion ability of lung adenocarcinoma cells. Results Compared to the NC group,the overexpression OTUD6B-AS1 group had a significant increase in the expression of OTUD6B-AS1(P＜0.05).The CCK-8 assay results showed that the proliferation activity of A549 cells in the OTUD6B-AS1 overexpression group was significantly reduced compared to the NC group(P＜0.05).The results of the Transwell assay showed that the OTUD6B-AS1 overexpression group had significantly lower cell migration and invasion abilities than the NC group(P＜0.05). Conclusion Overexpression lncRNA OTUD6B-AS1 in lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells can significantly inhibit the proliferation,migration,and invasion ability of A549 cells.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular regulatory mechanism of cancer susceptibility candidate 15 (CASC15),a long-stranded non-coding RNA (lncRNA),in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Bioinformatics methods were used to predict the expression of target genes and analyze the relationship between the expression of target genes and the survival time of patients;Hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and adjacent tissues from patients with HCC were collected;CCK-8,Transwell,and flow cytometry experiments were used to detect proliferation,invasion,migration and apoptosis of SMMC7721 cells and Huh-7 cells;The dual-luciferase assay was used to detect the targeting relationship between miR-144-3p and CASC15,as well as leucine rich repeat containing protein 1 (LRRC1);RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to detect mRNA and protein expression of target genes;Immunofluorescence was used for protein localization of target genes;Replicate experiment was performed to verify the effect of CASC15/miR-144-3p/LRRC1 on the progression of HCC.In vivo experiment was performed to verify the effect of CASC15 on HCC progression. Results TCGA database and RT-qPCR assay showed high expression of CASC15,low expression of miR-144-3p,and high expression of LRRC1 in HCC tissues and cells (P＜0.05).The results of cell function experiments on proliferation,invasion and migration showed that CASC15 and LRRC1 played a promoting role in tumor development,while miR-144-3p had an inhibitory effect,consistent with the results of apoptosis experiments (P＜0.05).Cell function experiments showed that CASC15 inhibited miR-144-3p function,miR-144-3p inhibited LRRC1,and CASC15 bound to miR-144-3p,leading to the upregulation of LRRC1.The replicate experimental results indicated that CASC15 promoted LRRC1 expression through inhibiting miR-144-3p,thereby promoting HCC cell proliferation,invasion and migration,and inhibiting apoptosis. Conclusion CASC15 may promote HCC progression by regulating the miR-144-3p/LRRC1 axis.

Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the expression of interleukin-38(IL-38)in patients with breast cancer and its regulatory function to CD8⁺T cell activity. Methods 44 patients with breast cancer,25 patients with benign breast tumor,and 20 controls,who were treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University from July 2020 and September 2022.Mononuclear cells from plasma and peripheral blood of all subjects were isolated,tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from tumor tissues of breast cancer patients were isolated,and CD8⁺T cells were purified.IL-38 protein level in the plasma was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The relative level of IL-38 mRNA in the tissue was semi-quantified by real-time quantitative PCR.Recombinant human IL-38 was used to stimulate CD8⁺T cells from peripheral blood and tumor tissue from patients with breast cancer.A co-culture system was established between CD8⁺T cells and breast cancer MCF-7 cell line.The percentage of target cell death was calculated by measuring lactate dehydrogenase level in the supernatants.The levels of perforin,granzyme B,interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in the supernatants were measured by ELISA.The immune checkpoint molecules expression in CD8⁺T cells were detected by flow cytometry. Results The levels of plasma IL-38 were significantly higher in patients with breast cancer(74.23±19.88 pg/mL)compared with in patients with benign breast tumor(62.87±16.27 pg/mL,P=0.018)and controls(61.77±12.75 pg/mL,P=0.013).The relative expression of IL-38 mRNA in tumor tissues was significantly higher than in para-tumor tissues(1.57±0.22 vs. 1.00±0.18,P＜0.001).The proportion of target cell death induced by peripheral and tumor-infiltrating CD8⁺T cells,and the levels of perforin and granzyme B secretion in direct contact co-culture group were higher than those in indirect contact co-culture group(P＜0.05).There were no significant differences of either interferon-γ or TNF-α levels between direct contact and indirect contact co-culture group(P＞0.05).In the direct contact co-culture group,the levels of target cell death proportion,perforin,granzyme B,interferon-γ and TNF-α l in the IL-38 stimulation group were lower than those in the non-stimulation group(P＜0.05).In the indirect contact co-culture group,the target of cell death proportion,interferon-γ and TNF-α the IL-38 stimulation group were also lower than those in the non-stimulation group(P＜0.05).However,there were no statistical differences of either perforin or granzyme B levels between the IL-38 stimulation group and non-stimulation group within the indirect contact co-culture group(P＞0.05).There were also no differences in the levels of immune checkpoint molecules in CD8⁺T cells between the non-stimulation group and the IL-38 stimulation group(P＞0.05). Conclusion Highly expressed IL-38 in patients with breast cancer may be involved in inducing CD8⁺T cell functional failure.

Objective The aim of this study was to explore the application of baseline neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio(NLR),platelet count-lymphocyte ratio(PLR),monocyte-lymphocyte ratio(MLR),and pan-immune inflammation value(PIV)in the use of PD-1 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),and establish a prognosis-related nomogram model. Methods The clinical data of 77 patients with driver gene-negative advanced NSCLC who received first-line PD-1 inhibitor combined with chemotherapy at Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital from January 2019 to January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to determine the independent prognostic factors of progression-free survival(PFS);A prognostic-related nomogram model was established,and the accuracy of prediction model was evaluated through consistency index. Results Multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that MLR,PIV,brain metastasis,and pleural metastasis were independent factors affecting PFS in patients with driver gene-negative advanced NSCLC(P＜0.05).The nomogram prognostic model constructed based on the Cox regression results had a good predictive ability(C-index value was 0.786,95% CI:0.721-0.851).The ROC curve showed that the combined effect of MLR and PIV in detecting the prognosis of PFS(AUC=0.717,P=0.001)was better than that of MLR(AUC=0.643)and PIV(AUC=0.640). Conclusion MLR,PIV,brain metastasis,and pleural metastasis can predict the prognosis of driver gene-negative advanced NSCLC patients treated with first-line chemotherapy combined with PD-1 inhibitors.The established nomogram model has high accuracy and clinical practicability.The predictive performance of combined detection of MLR and PIV may be better than that of separate detection of MLR and PIV.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide,and it is also one of the most important diseases that cause women′s death.The study of tumor related biomarkers and therapeutic targets has become a hot topic in the field of cancer.Studies have found that activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule(ALCAM)plays an important role in the occurrence and development of breast cancer,and it is related to the prognosis of breast cancer patients.This article reviews the molecular characteristics of ALCAM,the correlation between ALCAM expression and breast cancer clinical feature and prognosis,and the research and application of ALCAM as a target for clinical diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer.

Copper is an indispensable trace element in living organisms and maintains at a certain level in cells under physiological conditions.Cuprotosis is a unique,copper-dependent cell death.It is an extremely important type of regulated cell death(RCD)and is different from other forms of cell death currently known.More and more studies have shown that cuprotosis has a non-negligible impact on the metabolic pathway transition,signaling pathway transduction,and protein processing and modification of tumor cells.Cuprotosis-related lncRNAs are also widely used to predict tumor prognosis.Cuprotosis can inhibit tumor cell growth and serve as a potential target for controlling drug resistance and disease recurrence.This article reviews the mechanism of cuprotosis in the development and progression of tumor cells.

Cancer immunotherapy has great potential and is expected to become the mainstream method of cancer treatment.In the current application of cancer immunotherapy,immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)have achieved remarkable results.The currently widely used ICIs in clinical practice include inhibitors targeting cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4(CTLA-4),programmed death-1(PD-1)and programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1).In addition,new immunotherapies such as oncolytic viruses and chimeric antigen receptor T cells are gradually entering the clinical practice,and combination therapy related to ICIs has shown unique advantages.This article will focus on the current application status of ICIs,oncolytic viruses,and chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapies in solid tumors either their individual or combined forms.

Astragalin is a natural flavonoid,which is known for its diverse pharmacological applications such as anti-tumor.The many studies have found that Astragalin has great anti-tumor potential by regulating PI3K/Akt signal pathway,MAPKs signal pathway,JAK/STAT signal pathway,NF-κ B signal pathway,Notch1 pathway,microRNA expression,tumor invasion and metastasis.This article reviews the literature reports on anti-tumor signal pathway of Astragalin in recent years,analyzes and summarizes the possible mechanisms by which each pathway induces tumor cell apoptosis,in order to provide experimental and theoretical basis for the development and utilization of Astragalin in anti-tumor signal pathways.

Malignant tumors have become the main cause of human death.With the prolonged use of chemotherapeutic drugs during the treatment process,tumor cell resistance is also constantly increasing.long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)is an important member of the non-coding RNA family.Cancer susceptibility candidate 2(CASC2)is a type of long non-coding RNA,high expression of CASC2 can inhibit tumor cell development and reduce drug resistance of tumor cells by promoting apoptosis,regulating signaling pathways,participating in cellular transmission pathways,competitively binding of miRNA,and changing the protein structure or functional status.This article will provide a comprehensive review of the regulatory effects and mechanism of lncRNA CASC2 on chemotherapy resistance in malignant tumors.