Objective This study analyzed the incidence and mortality trends of four types of digestive tract tumors in China from 1990 to 2019,including gastric cancer,esophageal cancer,colorectal cancer,and liver cancer,in order to provide scientific basis for the formulation of prevention and control strategies for digestive tract tumors in China. Methods The Global Burden of Disease Study 2019(GBD 2019)database was used to analyze the trends of standardized incidence and standardized mortality of digestive tract tumors in China by the Joinpoint regression model.The age-period-cohort model was used to explore the age-period and cohort effects on the incidence and mortality of digestive tract tumors. Results The incidence order of digestive tract tumors in 2019 was stomach cancer(43.09/100,000),Colon and rectum(42.74/100,000),esophageal cancer(19.55/100,000)and liver cancer(14.80/100,000).The death order was gastric cancer(29.64/100,000),Colon and rectum(18.40/100,000),esophageal cancer(18.09/100,000)and liver cancer(13.20/100,000).After eliminating the influence of population age structure,the standardized incidence and standardized mortality of liver cancer,gastric cancer and esophageal cancer from 1990 to 2019 showed a decreasing trend year by year(AAPC liver cancer incidence=-3.1%,AAPC gastric cancer incidence=-0.07%,AAPC esophageal cancer incidence=-1.5%;AAPC liver cancer death=-3.4%,AAPC gastric cancer death=-1.9%,AAPC esophageal cancer death=-1.8%)(P＜0.001),and the standardized incidence and standardized mortality of Colon and rectum showed an increasing trend year by year(AAPC Colon and rectum incidence=3.1%,AAPC Colon and rectum death=1.1%)(P＜0.001).The results of age-period-cohort model showed that the incidence and mortality of gastric cancer,esophageal cancer and Colon and rectum were increasing with age,reached the peak in 85+group,80-84 group and 85+group,respectively.The incidence and mortality of liver cancer peaked in the 55-59 group and then decreased.The risk of Colon and rectum showed an increasing trend year by year,and the risk of death showed a first increasing trend and then decreasing trend.The incidence and mortality of liver cancer showed a decreasing trend followed by an increasing trend,while the overall incidence and mortality of gastric cancer and esophageal cancer showed a decreasing trend year by year.The earlier birth cohort of esophageal cancer and liver cancer,the higher risk of morbidity and mortality,while the later birth cohort of Colon and rectum,the higher risk of morbidity and mortality.The risk of gastric cancer showed the fluctuation. Conclusion The disease burden of digestive tract tumors in China is still heavy in China,especially the standardized incidence and standardized mortality of Colon and rectum are still increasing year by year.It is necessary to implement targeted prevention and treatment measures to effectively reduce the disease burden of digestive tract tumors.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the role of long chain non-coding RNA LINC-PINT in drug sensitivity of hypoxia induced in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)through the Hippo/Yes-associated protein(YAP)signaling pathway. Methods The proliferative changes of HNSCC cell lines(AGZY-973 cells,HN4 cells,and HN30 cells)and normal human oral keratinocytes(NHOKs)in hypoxic environment were detected by CCK-8 assay;HN30 cells in good condition were taken and set them as the normal group,hypoxia group,hypoxia+LINC-PINT overexpression group,and hypoxia+overexpression negative control group.The expression of LINC-PINT in HN30 cells was detected by qRT-PCR;CCK-8 assay was applied to detect the drug sensitivity of HN30 cells,and the effect of cisplatin on proliferation in HN30 cells;cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry;and Western blot was applied to detect the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α),p-YAP,and YAP protein in HN30 cells. Results Under hypoxia conditions,the proliferative rates of AGZY-973 cells,HN4 cells and HN30 cells were obviously higher than that of NHOKs cells(P＜0.05).Compared with the normal group,the IC₅₀ value,the expression of HIF-1α and p-YAP/YAP in the hypoxic group were obviously increased in HN30 cells,the rate of apoptosis,the rates of cell growth inhibition at 24 h and 48 h,and the expression of LINC-PINT protein were obviously decreased(P＜0.05);Compared with the hypoxia+overexpression negative control group,the IC₅₀ values,the expression of HIF-1α and p-YAP/YAP cells in the hypoxia overexpression of LINC-PINT group was obviously reduced in HN30,the rates of apoptosis,the rates of cell growth inhibition at 24 h and 48 h,and the expression of LINC-PINT protein were significantly increased(P＜0.05). Conclusion Overexpression of LINC-PINT can enhance the hypoxia-induced cisplatin sensitivity in HNSCC,which may be related to the inhibition of the activation of Hippo/YAP signaling pathway.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors for delayed postoperative ileus(PPOI)in colon cancer patients undergoing complete laparoscopic right hemicolectomy combined with intraperitoneal thermal perfusion chemotherapy(HIPEC),and establish a risk prediction model. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the case data of 68 colon cancer patients who underwent complete laparoscopic right hemicolectomy combined with HIPEC at the Department of General Surgery,the First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital from January 2018 to January 2021.The incidence of PPOI was statistically analyzed,and its risk factors were analyzed.A nomogram of risk prediction model was constructed and the effectiveness was verified. Results Among the 83 patients,26 cases(31.3%)developed PPOI.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that diabetes(OR=14.820,95% CI:2.819-77.918),previous abdominal surgery(OR=6.514,95% CI:1.433-29.604),preoperative Hb＜9 g/L(OR=5.338,95% CI:1.197-23.809),intraoperative hemorrhage more than 200 mL(OR=4.869,95% CI:1.213-19.544),and not close the mesangial hiatal(OR=5.462,95% CI:1.408-21.186)were the risk factors for PPOI.Based on the results of multivariate analysis,a risk prediction model for ROC curve and PPOI nomogram was constructed.The internal validation consistency index(C-index)was 0.85(95% CI:0.735-0.957). Conclusion The risk factors for PPOI after complete laparoscopic right hemicolectomy combined with HIPEC are diabetes,previous abdominal surgery,preoperative Hb＜9 g/L,intraoperative hemorrhage more than 200 mL,and failure to close the mesangial hiatal.The constructed nomogram of risk prediction model for PPOI after complete laparoscopic right hemicolectomy has a good evaluating effect and clinical application value.

Objective The aim of this study was to draw single-cell transcriptome profiles of high-grade serous ovarian cancer(HGSOC),borderline ovarian cancer(OC),and normal ovaries in order to identify biomarkers that can diagnose and predict the prognosis of OC. Methods The differentially expressed genes between HGSOC,borderline OC,and normal ovarian tissues were analyzed using single-cell data sequenced(SRA database:PRJNA756768).The cell subsets associated with tumor progression were screened by functional enrichment,cell communication between different subsets was analyzed by Cellchat,and cell differentiation trajectories were explored by pseudotime analysis to finally determine the subsets most relevant to tumor progression.Combined with OC transcriptome data of OC from the Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)with patient prognosis,biomarkers for diagnosing and predicting survival of OC patients were ultimately screened. Results After using t-distribution stochastic neighbor embedding(t-SNE)for dimensionality reduction,nine cell subpopulations were obtained:endothelial cells,myeloid cells,fibroblasts,T cells,stromal cells,B cells,and 3 epithelial cell subpopulations(C1,C4,and C7).Further analysis revealed that copy number variation(CNV)in the C4 group had the highest score in HGSOC,higher than those of borderline OC and normal ovaries,and was negatively correlated with prognosis.DMKN was a key marker gene in this group.Transcriptome analysis of OC in the TCGA database showed a close correlation between DMKN and poor prognosis(P=0.026),and the diagnostic efficacy of DMKN for OC was significant(AUC=0.906). Conclusion This study is based on single-cell sequencing data to screen for DMKN,which can effectively diagnose and predict the prognosis of OC.This study provides new ideas for the diagnosis and prognosis prediction of OC.

γ-Tocotrienol(γ-T3)is a common phytochemical belonging to a major subclass of natural vitamin E,mainly derived from palm oil and rice bran.Compared to saturated tocopherol(TOC),the γ-T3 side chain contains unsaturated bonds and forms isoprene chains.γ-T3 has therapeutic activity for various chronic diseases with broad potential applications,especially in inhibiting tumor proliferation and invasion.With deeply research,more and more evidence suggests that γ-T3 plays an important role in inhibiting cancer cell migration and metastasis,inducing tumor cell apoptosis,arresting cell cycle and regulating cancer-related signaling pathways.Therefore,this article will review the anti-cancer effects and mechanisms of γ-T3.

Cancer is a serious threat to human health and life,and its incidence and mortality are increasing year by year.Despite significant progress in the development of anticancer drugs,patients still inevitably develop drug resistance during treatment,leading to tumor recurrence.The mechanisms of cancer drug resistance are very complex,and how to accurately predict the response level of cancer patients to drug and intervene in advance has become a hot topic in the field of cancer research.With the continuous accumulation of high-throughput biomedical data,researchers have developed multiple large-scale data platforms related to cancer drug resistance,making the mining of biomedical big data more convenient.Moreover,with the development of artificial intelligence,various machine learning methods have also been applied to the prediction of cancer drug resistance.Thus,this paper summarizes the common resistance mechanisms of anticancer drugs,reviews the databases related to cancer drug resistance,and elaborates on the methods for predicting drug resistance,hoping to provides references and ideas for the treatment of drug-resistant tumors and the development of new drugs.

Anthracyclines are one of the widely used anti-tumor drugs in clinical practice.Its dose-related cardiotoxicity can affect the quality of life and survival rate of cancer patients,so early identification of anthracycline related cardiotoxicity is particularly important.This article provides a review of the research progress on early biomarkers of anthracycline related cardiotoxicity.

The Global Cancer Statistics Report in 2020 shows that the incidence and mortality of digestive system malignancies are high,but the mechanism is still unclear in the occurrence and development of digestive system malignancies.Retinoic acid-induced protein(RAI)is a kind of protein induced by retinoic acid,which is closely related to the proliferation,invasion and migration of digestive system malignant tumors.The expression of RAI series proteins in digestive system tumors is related to clinical prognosis.Overexpression or knockdown of RAI protein can affect the sensitivity of digestive system malignant tumors to targeted drug therapy.RAI protein may also be a specific target protein closely related to the occurrence and development of digestive system tumors.This article reviews the role and related mechanisms of RAI protein in the occurrence and development of malignant tumors in the digestive system,providing some references for early diagnosis,treatment and prognosis assessment of the disease.

Malignant tumor has become the largest disease threatening human health.The global incidence of cancer is increasing year by year.At present,the poor quality of life and drug resistance of patients with advanced and recurrent cancer are becoming increasingly obvious.Reducing the invasion and metastasis of tumor,improving the survival and prognosis of tumor patients,are urgent problems to be solved in tumor treatment.Agrin is a membrane protein associated with synaptic formation,and recent studies have shown that Agrin plays an important role in the occurrence and development of tumors.Agrin is expressed in malignant tumors and immune cells,playing an important regulatory role in tumor angiogenesis,cell proliferation and migration,chemotherapy resistance,and neutrophil infiltration.This article summarizes and analyzes the current research status of Agrin,especially its related role and mechanism in the occurrence and development of malignant tumors.

Radiotherapy is an effective way to reduce the local recurrence rate and mortality of breast cancer.However,the risk of long-term side effects of radiation-induced cardiac injury cannot be ignored.Especially for patients undergoing left breast radiation therapy,the risk of cardiac injury is higher due to the heart being within the radiation field,which increases the incidence of radiation induced heart disease and ultimately affects long-term survival rate and quality of life.Therefore,it is particularly important to prevent radiation induced cardiac injury.The main measures include using advanced radiation therapy techniques such as intensity modulated radiation therapy,volume modulated arc radiotherapy,deep inhalation and breath holding radiation therapy,prone position radiation therapy,proton beam therapy,etc.or optimizing the radiotherapy plan for cardiac substructure to reduce the radiation dose to key cardiac structures.This article will review the research progress of pathophysiological mechanism,clinical manifestations,risk factors and preventive measures of radiation-induced cardiac injury in breast cancer.

Gastric cancer is one of the common tumors in the world and a major cause of cancer death.Although the 5-year survival rate of gastric cancer patients has increased greatly with the improvement levels of diagnosis and treatment,the high malnutrition rate of gastric cancer patients still has a significant impact on their overall survival and quality of life.Malnutrition is considered an independent prognostic factor for cancer patients,early detection of malnutrition in gastric cancer patients and more reasonable perioperative nutritional support play an important role in the survival and prognosis of gastric cancer patients.This article combines existing research at domestic and abroad to review the nutritional risk screening and assessment of gastric cancer patients during perioperative period,as well as the research progress of perioperative nutritional support and immunonutrition,in order to provide more comprehensive nutritional management strategies for patients with gastric cancer during the perioperative period.

The bone marrow microenvironment is a complex network structure composed of non-hematopoietic cells,hematopoietic stem cells,extracellular matrix,and various cytokines,which is beneficial to maintain normal hematopoietic function in the body.Once bone marrow microenvironment changes,the types and functions of cells in the bone marrow will change, thereby causing the occurrence of leukemia.Leukemia is a malignant clonal disease that is not only related to abnormal proliferation and differentiation of tumor cells,but also closely related to immune dysfunction.Exosomes,immune cells,mesenchymal cells and bone marrow stromal cells(BMSCs)in the bone marrow microenvironment all have immunoregulation effects and can participate in the formation of immune suppression in leukemia,leading to disease progression.Therefore,this article aims to review the mechanism and effects of bone marrow microenvironment on the pathogenesis of leukemia so as to provide new ideas for leukemia treatment.