Objective The Objective of this study was to analyze the longitudinal trend of multidimensional treatment quality of breast cancer based on the latent growth mixture model(LGMM),identify potential change patterns and influencing factors,and provide scientific basis for improving treatment quality and patient prognosis. Methods The quality monitoring data of breast cancer from four consecutive years were obtained in the National“Quality Monitoring System for Specific(single)Disease”;Based on the item response theory(IRT),the treatment quality of breast cancer in the three dimensions of preoperative examination,treatment,and outcome was calculated;LGMM was constructed to analyze the independent and joint change trend of breast cancer treatment quality in all dimensions,and the optimal model was determined based on practical significance and statistical indicators. Results In the independent trend analysis,2 potential categories were identified for preoperative examination,treatment,and outcome dimensions.Among them,9% showed a rapid upward trend in the preoperative examination dimension,and 91% showed a relatively stable trend;The stable growth accounted for 23% and slow decline accounted for 77% in the treatment dimension;13% of the outcome dimensions showed an upward trend,while 87% showed a downward trend.In the joint trend analysis of changes,2 potential categories were identified:the first category accounted for about 8%,and the preoperative examination dimension of this category had a good treatment quality,with mean intercepts and slopes of 3.326 and 3.367,respectively.The treatment quality in the treatment and outcome dimensions had steadily improved;The second category accounted for about 92%,and the treatment quality in this dimension was relatively good.Its mean intercept and slope were 0.548 and 0.018,respectively.There is still room for improvement in the treatment quality of the preoperative examination and outcome dimensions;BMI and M stage in patient characteristics are important influencing factors on the trend of combined changes in treatment quality. Conclusion The treatment quality of breast cancer during this study period has improved to varying degrees in all dimensions of preoperative examination,treatment and outcome;In the joint trend analysis of the three dimensions,the improvement of treatment quality in the preoperative examination dimension can provide feasible references for subsequent treatment and achieve the goal of reducing complications.

Objective Based on polynomial logistic regression model,this study aimed to analyze the optimal length of hospital stay for patients with non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)at different stages to achieve the best treatment quality,providing reference for improving treatment quality and formulating relevant policies. Methods The data of NSCLC cases were collected and 16 diagnosis and treatment process indicators were selected.Patients were stratified according to the stage of lung cancer.A polynomial logistic regression model was constructed,including patient characteristics to analyze the impact of first hospitalization days on the quality of comprehensive treatment. Results A total of 10,053 patients with NSCLC were collected in this study,with a median comprehensive treatment quality score of 0.60.According to the staging of lung cancer,patients were divided into the early stage group(stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ),locally advanced stage group(stage Ⅲ),and advanced stage group(stage Ⅳ).The first hospitalization days and treatment quality of each subgroup showed a non-linear relationship.The polynomial model results showed that after adjusting the characteristics of patients,the length of hospitalization day and the quadratic term of hospital stay had a statistically significant impact on treatment quality in each subgroup:early patients had a first hospital stay of 18 days,and locally advanced and advanced patients had a first hospital stay of 22 days,with the highest probability of achieving high treatment quality. Conclusion Patients in different stages have varying degrees of illness and treatment plans,resulting in different first hospitalization days corresponding to the highest probability of obtaining high-quality treatment.Hospitals can improve the treatment quality and medical efficiency by implementing standardized diagnosis and treatment guidelines,strengthening the management of the diagnosis and treatment process,and reasonably controlling the first hospitalization time of patients in different stages.

Objective The aim of this study was to use the fast causal inference(FCI)algorithm to construct a causal graph model,analyze the direct and indirect factors that affect the quality of treatment for non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),and provide a basis for improving the quality of patient treatment. Methods Case information of NSCLC patients from 10 tertiary hospitals was collected;the influencing factors were determined as the research variable,and the incidence of adverse events was the evaluation indicator of patient treatment quality,i.e.the outcome variable;the FCI algorithm to mine case data were used to construct a causal diagram model of research variables and outcomes,and analyze causal relationships between research variables and outcome variables,as well as between different research variables. Results A total of 2,846 patients with an average age of 56.00±7.70 years were included in this study,and the incidence of adverse events was 9.63%.The causal diagram model consisted 24 nodes and 71 edges,including 54 directed edges and 7 bidirectional edges.The direct factors affecting the occurrence of adverse events included hospital type,histological grade,lymph node dissection,and length of hospitalization;indirect factors included occupation,medical insurance type,current medical history,pathological stage,comprehensive treatment,surgical nature,and type of lung resection;The analysis of the interaction between factors showed that the current medical history,histological classification,comprehensive treatment,surgical nature,and type of lung resection determined whether the patient received lymph node dissection;The nature of surgery,method of lung resection,and comprehensive treatment affected the length of hospitalization;Medical history affected the histological classification of lung cancer;The type of occupation and medical insurance affected the type of hospital where patients sought medical treatment. Conclusion In the analysis of factors affecting the quality of NSCLC treatment,the causal diagram model can obtain direct and indirect factors that affect the occurrence of adverse events,identify target variables that can be intervened,and provide a basis for improving the quality of NSCLC treatment;Hospitals can reduce the incidence of adverse events by increasing the acceptance rate of lymph node dissection and comprehensive treatment.

Objective The aim of this study was to estimate the causal effects of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)treatment process on in-hospital mortality based on the double robust estimation(DR)method,and provide a reference basis for reducing in-hospital mortality of NSCLC. Methods According to the quality evaluation system of NSCLC treatment,the utilization rate of treatment process indicators was calculated,and patients were divided into the high-quality or low-quality groups based on the average score of treatment process quality.In-hospital mortality was used as the outcome indicator,Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression adjusted for propensity score inverse probability of treatment weighting(IPTW)correction were used to analyze the impact of treatment process quality on in-hospital mortality in NSCLC.DR was combined to estimate the causal effects of the treatment process on in-hospital mortality. Results The median utilization rate of treatment process indicators was 66.88%,and the mean and standard deviation of patients′ treatment process quality scores were 0.270±0.124,including 0.358±0.069 in the high-quality group,and 0.158±0.081 in the low-quality group.After the IPTW weighting,the standardized mean difference(SMD)of patients′baseline characteristics decreased;The difference in survival curves between the two groups of patients before and after ITPW was statistically significant(P＜0.05),and the prognosis of patients in the high-quality group was better than that of patients in the low-quality group(pre-IPTW:HR=0.367,95% CI:0.275-0.491;post-IPTW:HR=0.228,95% CI:0.167-0.312).Compared with the low-quality group,the average causal effect of treatment process on in-hospital mortality was -0.026 in the high-quality group. Conclusion DR can compensate for the shortcomings of logistic or IPTW,avoid the risk of model error,and obtain for the causal effect of treatment process on in-hospital mortality.In medical practice,the utilization rate of treatment process indicators should be increased to improve patient prognosis;The study of causal effects suggests that besides the treatment process,other factors that affect in-hospital mortality cannot be ignored.

Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence and mortality of lung cancer in Hedong district,Tianjin,from 2015 to 2020,and provide data for strategies of the prevention and treatment of lung cancer. Methods The data of lung cancer incidence and mortality registered residents of Hedong district in Tianjin from January 1,2015,to December 31,2020 were collected from the Tianjin Tumor Follow-up Registration System and the Population Death Information Registration System.The crude incidence and mortality,China standardized incidence and mortality by sex and age were calculated.The Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the trend of incidence and mortality of lung cancer. Results The crude incidence of lung cancer in Hedong district,Tianjin,from 2015 to 2020 was 106.51/100,000(male 135.99/100,000 and female 77.21/100,000).The China standardized incidence was 40.80/100,000(male 50.84/100,000 and female 30.70/100 000).The crude mortality of lung cancer was 87.96/100,000(115.60/100,000 for males and 60.49/100,000 for females).The China standardized mortality was 31.58/100,000(40.85/100,000 for males and 22.17/100,000 for females).The incidence and mortality of lung cancer in Hedong district increased with age,reaching the peak in the 80~ years old age group.The China standardized incidence of lung cancer(APC=-5.6%,P＜0.05),the China standardized incidence of female lung cancer(APC=-6.7%,P＜0.05),and the China standardized mortality of female lung cancer(APC=-6.5%,P＜0.05)all showed a downward trend. Conclusion The incidence of lung cancer in Hedong district,Tianjin,showed a downward trend,and the mortality did not change significantly.The incidence and mortality of men are higher than those of women.Age is an important factor affecting the occurrence and development of lung cancer,and elderly people should be the focus of daily intervention.

Objective The Objective of this study was to analyze the incidence of malignant tumors among the insured population in the first division Alar city(hereinafter referred to as Alar city)from 2020 to 2022,and provide reference for the prevention and control of malignant tumors in the local area. Methods The data of malignant tumor incidence from the insured population in Alar city from 2020 to 2022 were collected and sorted out.The crude incidence,age-standardized incidence rate by Chinese standard population(ASIRC)and by World standard population(ASIRW),cumulative rate of 0 to 74 years old,truncated rate of 35 to 64 years old,the incidence sequence and its composition of malignant tumors were analyzed by gender,age and nationality(Han and minority). Results From 2020 to 2022,the insured population in Alar city covered 79.02% of the city′s population.There were 2,778 new malignant tumors.The crude incidence was 276.84/100,000,the ASIRC was 225.64/100,000,the ASIRW was 220.66/100,000,the cumulative rate(0-74 years old)was 23.72%,and the cutoff rate was 394.11/100,000.The incidence indicators of women and Han people were higher than those of men and ethnic minorities.The incidence increased rapidly after 40 years old,with women having higher incidence before age 60 and men having higher incidence after age 60.The top five cancers were lung cancer,thyroid cancer,colorectal cancer,breast cancer and stomach cancer,accounting for 58.42%.Lung cancer and digestive tract tumor were the main tumors in men and Han nationality,while thyroid cancer and breast cancer were relatively prominent in women and ethnic minorities. Conclusion Among the insured population in Alar city,lung cancer,breast cancer,thyroid cancer,and digestive tract cancer are the common tumors,and the incidence of malignant tumors in women is higher.

Objective This article aimed to explore the inhibitory effect of β-ionone(BI)on the proliferation of breast cancer cells through the nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)pathway and its possible mechanism. Methods The methylene blue assay and MTT assay were used to determine the viability of breast cancer cells.The malachite green phosphate assay was used to detect the activity of protein phosphatase 2A(PP2A).Western blot was used to detect the levels of phosphorylated P65(s534 and s311)(p-P65),PP2A(A,B and C),and phosphorylated ataxia telangiectasia mutant(p-ATM)(s1981)protein. Results BI could significantly inhibit the proliferation of human breast cancer BT549 cells and MCF-7 cells in a time-and dose-dependent manner,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.01).After treated with BI,NF-κB activity was significantly inhibited in MCF-7 cells,as shown by a significant decrease in the level of phosphorylated P65(s311 and s534)protein and an increase in the level of PP2A protein,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).In addition,BI also significantly reduced the phosphorylation of P65 protein and ATM protein in MCF-7 cells by the PP2A inhibitor-okada acid(OA). Conclusion This study shows that BI inhibits the proliferation of breast cancer cells by inhibiting NF-κB activity,and its mechanism may be achieved by increasing PP2A activity to regulate the NF-κB pathway.

Cancer patients generally suffer from depression,and long-term depression may exacerbate fatigue,sleep disorders,pain,and psychological distress,affecting the overall treatment effectiveness of cancer patients and ultimately impacting their quality of life and prognosis.Therefore,this article mainly reviews the research status and influencing factors of depression trajectories in cancer patients,providing reference for precise and personalized depression management for cancer patients.

In recent years,although many advances have been made in the treatment of breast cancer,its incidence is still on the rise,and the search for new drug targets and biomarkers has become a research hotspot.More and more clinical studies are paying attention to the interaction between tumor cells and tumor microenvironment,and it is believed that tumor microenvironment plays a crucial role in the progression of malignant tumors.Substance P(SP)can participate in the process of carcinogenesis and play a crucial key role in maintaining the tumor microenvironment.Neurokinin 1 receptor(NK-1R)is expressed in the cytoplasm of tumor cells and is significantly associated with many tumor characteristics.SP induces tumor cell proliferation,angiogenesis and migration through its receptor NK-1R,and exerts anti-apoptotic effects.In future treatment plan,whether NK-1R antagonists can be used to provide more accurate targets for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer has become a hot topic.This article reviews the research status of SP/NK-1R system in breast cancer.

Surgery is the main clinical treatment for papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC),and with the advancement of medical technology,PTC surgical treatment has made significant progress.However,there is still controversy in the academic community regarding the scope of PTC surgical resection and lymph node dissection.Moreover,as PTC shows a trend towards youthfulness,patients′ demands for surgical methods,surgical timing,surgical outcomes,and postoperative aesthetics are gradually increasing.Therefore,the choice of PTC surgical method needs to consider more aspects besides lesion resection and disease relief.This article reviews the progress and limitations of surgical treatment for PTC.

Liposarcoma is a common soft tissue malignant tumor with multiple histological types,among which well-differentiated liposarcoma and dedifferentiated liposarcoma are the largest subgroups of liposarcoma. After conventional treatment,the 5-year survival rate of patients with dedifferentiated liposarcoma has not been significantly improved. In recent years,immunotherapy has shown significant efficacy in tumors such as melanoma and lung cancer,and has been widely studied in well-differentiated liposarcoma and dedifferentiated liposarcoma. This article summarizes the clinical and genetic features of well-differentiated liposarcoma and dedifferentiated liposarcoma,conventional treatment methods,and the application of immunotherapy in liposarcoma,including immune checkpoint inhibitors,adoptive cell therapy,oncolytic viruses,cancer vaccines,and immunotherapy combined with other treatment options. Integrating immune-related treatment options for liposarcoma is an urgent problem to be solved,and it also provides broad ideas for clinical work to understand liposarcoma and new management and treatment strategies.