Marine ichnofossils as a record of major biodiversification events in the Phanerozoic
XU Qingyang1, FAN Ruoying1, GONG Yiming1,2
1 School of Earth Sciences,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China; 2 State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430074, China
Abstract：In this paper,we analyzed the trace fossil records of the major Phanerozoic biodiversification events,including the Cambrian Explosion,the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event,and the Mesozoic Marine Revolution. The ichnodiversity and ichnodisparity of marine trace fossils show a positive correlation with biodiversity during these three biodiversification events. The intensity and depth of bioturbations both increased distinctly. The feeding strategies and the behavior of marine trace-makers became more complex. The most prominent change in the trace-making behavior during the Cambrian Explosion is the appearance of vertical burrows(or vertical elements in burrows). The shallow-marine ichnofauna expanded to the bathyal-marine and deep-marine environments during the Ordovician,as represented by the appearance of morphologically complex deep-marine trace fossils. It shows a further intensification of the exploitation of the marine benthic ecological niches in the Cretaceous. Characteristic change during this period is the significant diversification of deep-marine graphoglyptids,with the development of multiple morphological types and feeding strategies. Under the influences of the environment and biotic changes,marine ichnofaunas became more complicated in morphology and ethology and adopted progressively wider environmental distribution during the Phanerozoic. The marine ichnofaunas displayed increasing penetration depth,transferred from two-dimensional to three-dimensional structures,and radiated from the shallow shelf to the deep sea and continent. These features may be attributed to the process that organisms acquire ecological opportunities.
XU Qingyang,FAN Ruoying,GONG Yiming. Marine ichnofossils as a record of major biodiversification events in the Phanerozoic[J]. JOPC, 2023, 25(2): 431-450.
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