Studies of diversity of the Late Devonian-Early Triassic sphenophytes from China
Deng Zhen-Zhen1, Xiong Cong-Hui2, Huang Pu3,4, Xue Jin-Zhuang1
1 School of Earth and Space Sciences,the Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, Peking University,Beijing 100871,China; 2 School of Earth Sciences & Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources in Western China (Gansu Province), Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China; 3 Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing 210008, China; 4 Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China
Abstract：Taxonomic and morphological diversities of fossil groups are two fundamental aspects in studying macroevolution of life,but previous studies have paid little attention to the latter. Late Paleozoic sphenophytes are easily to be recognized and have a rich fossil record,but their diversity pattern remains little known. Based on a compilation of the genera and species record of the Late Devonian-Early Triassic sphenophytes from South China and North China blocks,and a compilation of leaf morphological characters of some selected leafy species,the macroevolution pattern of early sphenophytes is studied with respect to their taxonomic and morphological diversity. The genus/species richness of the sphenophytes from China shows continuous but uneven increase during the Late Paleozoic,including the initial diversification during the Late Devonian,a slow rise from Visean to Sakmarian,and a rapid rise from Sakmarian to Wuchiapingian;and then,the richness sharply declines at the end of the Permian. The diversity per million years also shows significant decease at the Permian-Triassic transition. Sphenophytes from South China are less diverse at both the generic and specific levels than those from North China,and their diversity reaches the peak during the Capitanian-Wuchiapingian;genus diversity of sphenophytes from North China reaches the peak during the Kungurian-Roadian. Leaf morphological diversity of sphenophytes from China,decoupled from the taxonomic richness,is smaller in the Famennian and early Carboniferous,reaches the peak in the Pennsylvanian,and then slightly declines and remains stable in the Permian. Leaf morphologies of the Late Paleozoic sphenophytes show evolution in the following aspects: increase of leaf area;leaf lamina varying from divided to undivided;leaf tip varying from split to round or obtuse round;same-sized leaves to different-sized leaves in the same leaf whorl,and showing leaf mosaic. These changes might be related to variations of light intensity at the understory levels of the Paleozoic plant communities.
Deng Zhen-Zhen,Xiong Cong-Hui,Huang Pu et al. Studies of diversity of the Late Devonian-Early Triassic sphenophytes from China[J]. JOPC, 2021, 23(3): 565-580.
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