Fossil wood resembling Bischofia in the family of Euphorbiaceae is reported from the Late Pliocene sediments (Shagou Formation) of Wanpu and Hutiaotan Earth Forest of Wumao Basin in western Yuanmou Basin, Yunnan Province. The fossil wood is composed of vessels, fibers and rays. Growth rings are indistinct. The wood is diffuse porous. Pores are few cluster and solitary, and mostly in radial multiples of 2~4, sometimes up to 6. Perforation is simple. Intervessel pits are alternate and bordered. Tyloses are abundant. Parenchyma is typically absent. Fibers are separate. Rays are heterogeneous type I and II. Vessel-ray pits are scalariform and round. Based on the results of palynology, grass plants belonging to Euphorbiaceae were possibly grown in the Basin during the period of the Late Pliocene, while the fossil wood of Bischofia javanica BL. clearly indicates that there were the trees of Euphorbiaceae. Bischofia javanica BL. are the main elements of tropical and subtropical evergreen monsoon forest. The fossil wood of Bischofia javanica BL. suggests the climate of Yuanmou Basin at that time was moister than that of today.