Based on rock cores, thin sections, and so on, combining many modern technologies, such as the EMI image logging technique ,etc., Authors identified that the Lower Urho Formation of the Upper Permian is the fluival-dominated fan delta facies in the Karamay Oilfield, Xinjiang. There are two subfacies: the fan delta plain and fan delta front subfacies, but have no the pro-fan delta, in which the former consists of the braided branch microfacies, unconcentrated flow microfacies, mud flow microfacies and sieve deposit microfacies; the latter includes subaqueous branch microfacies, subaqueous interdistributary microfacies, debris flow microfacies, subaqueous natural barrier microfacies and grain flow microfacies. Meantime, it indicates the resource directions are not coincident in the 5 stages of Urho by analysizing the maps of Image Logging, composition and grain size of rocksin the Urho Formation, which behaves that the direction varied from the South-West to the North-West from early to late(the fifth stage to the first stage). Corresponding with the resource direction, the sedimentary facies changed regularlly. This paper subtly anatomizes the permian sedimentary microfacies characteristics, distribution and evolution by detailly studying the sedimentary facies of the lower Urho formation in the Karamay oil field.