Quantitative characterization of bioturbation based on digital image analysis of the Ordovician core from Tahe Oilfield of Tarim Basin
Niu Yongbin1, 2, Cui Shengli1, Hu Yazhou1, Zhong Jianhua3, Wang Peijun4
1 Institute of Resource and Environment,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo 454003,Henan.; 2 Key Laboratory of Biogenic Traces and Sedimentary Minerals of Henan Province,Jiaozuo 454003,Henan.; 3 School of Geosciences,China University of Petroleum(East China),Qingdao 266580,Shandong.; 4 Development Affairs of Tarim Oilfield,PetroChina,Korla 841000, Xinjiang;
Abstract Bioturbation has a great influence on the carbonate reservoir properties of “matrix reservoir” of the Ordovician in Tahe Oilfield of Tarim Basin. With the help of Bioturbated Digital Analysis Images Package of Adobe® Photoshop® CS6,the study was carried on the core of the Ordovician from Tahe Oilfield to identify and estimate quantitatively the area that was bioturbated in the core digital image. The results show that: (1)Within the methods of Bioturbated Digital Analysis Images Package,“Similar Pixel Selection Method” and “Magic Wand Method” are the most effective to identify and estimate quantitatively bioturbation and have different ranges of application. (2)The Similar Pixel Selection Method is suitable for the samples with high bioturbation,small size and high diversity. When there are considerable differences between the infill of bioturtation and the surrounding rocks,“Select Similar” is the best way to estimate quantitatively the bioturbation. Otherwise,when there are just little differences between the infilling and host rocks,“Color Range” is the best way. (3)Magic Wand Method has an advantage on the samples with large size trace fossils and good continuity as well as different color of infilled material. By modifying “Tolerance”,Magic Wand Method will increase the degree of recognition between the bioturbated area and host rock. This research makes a convincing explanation about heterogeneous and distribution of “matrix reservoir” of carbonate rocks in the perspective of biogenic,and has a great significance on fulfilling the characterization and interpretation of those bioturbation enhanced reservoir capacity in carbonate rocks,enriching geologic theory of carbonate reservoir,guiding the hydrocarbon exploration of the bioturbated reservoir,calculating reserves and selecting the best plan of the development of oil and gas fields.
Fund:Co-funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41472104)and Program for Innovative Research Team(in Science and Technology)in University of Henan Procince(No.17IRTSTHN025)
About author: About the first author Niu Yongbin,born in 1980,is an associate professor and master supervisor of Henan Polytechnic University. He is mainly engaged in researches of applied ichnology and sedimentology. E-mail: niuyongbin@hpu.edu.cn.
Cite this article:
Niu Yongbin,Cui Shengli,Hu Yazhou et al. Quantitative characterization of bioturbation based on digital image analysis of the Ordovician core from Tahe Oilfield of Tarim Basin[J]. JOPC, 2017, 19(2): 353-363.
Niu Yongbin,Cui Shengli,Hu Yazhou et al. Quantitative characterization of bioturbation based on digital image analysis of the Ordovician core from Tahe Oilfield of Tarim Basin[J]. JOPC, 2017, 19(2): 353-363.
1 陈曦,吕波,黄素,何施雨,杜亚曦,朱讯. 2011. 陕西韩城—旬邑地区中奥陶统马家沟组豹斑白云岩研究. 新疆地质,29(2): 222-225. [Chen X,Lü B,Huang S,He S Y,Du Y X,Zhu X. 2011. Study of leopard fur dolomite in Mid-Ordovician Majiagou formation Hancheng-Xunyi distinct in Shanxi Province. Xinjiang Geology,29(2): 222-225] 2 邓小江,梁波,莫耀汉,李国蓉,王鑫,于海波,乔占峰. 2007. 塔河油田奥陶系一间房组礁滩相储集层特征及成因机制新认识. 地质科技情报,26(4): 63-69. [Deng X J,Liang B,Mo Y H,Li G R,Wang X,Yu H B,Qiao Z F. 2007. A new know of characteristics and genesis of reef and bank facies reservoirs in Ordovician Yijianfang Formation in Tahe Oilfield. Geological Science and Technology Information,26(4): 63-69] 3 费安玮,张忠涛. 2002. 陕西金栗山中奥陶统生物扰动构造与古环境分析. 地球科学,27(6): 703-710. [Fei A W,Zhang Z T. 2002. Bioturbation structures and paleoenvironment analysis of the Middle Ordovician at Jinsushan,Shanxi. Earth Science,27(6): 703-710] 4 顾家裕,方辉,蒋凌志. 2001. 塔里木盆地奥陶系生物礁的发现及其意义. 石油勘探与开发,28(4): 1-7. [Gu J Y,Fang H,Jiang L Z. 2001. The significance of Ordovician reef discovery in Tarim basin. Petroleum Exploration and Development,28(4): 1-7] 5 郝毅,林良彪,周进高,倪超,张建勇,陈薇. 2012. 川西北中二叠统栖霞组豹斑灰岩特征与成因. 成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),39(6): 651-656. [Hao Y,Lin L B,Zhou J G,Ni C,Zhang J Y,Chen W. 2012. Characteristics and genesis of leopard limestone in Middle Permian Qixia Formation,Northwest Sichuan,China. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science & Technology Edition),39(6): 651-656] 6 贾振远,马淑媛. 1984. 山东莱芜地区下古生界豹斑灰岩的成因及其意义. 地质论评,30(3): 224-228. [Jia Z Y,Ma S Y. 1984. The origin and significance of Lower Paleozoic patchy limestone in Laiwu,Shandong Province. Geological Review,30(3): 224-228] 7 金之钧,胡宗全,高波,赵建华. 2016. 川东南地区五峰组—龙马溪组页岩气富集与高产控制因素. 地学前缘,23(1): 1-10. [Jin Z J,Hu Z Q,Gao B,Zhao J H. 2016. Controlling factors on the enrichment and high productivity of shale gas in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations,southeastern Sichuan Basin. Earth Science Frontiers,23(1): 1-10] 8 金之钧,朱东亚,胡文瑄,张学丰,王毅,闫相宾. 2006. 塔里木盆地热液活动地质地球化学特征及其对储集层影响. 地质学报,80(2): 245-254. [Jin Z J,Zhu D Y,Hu W X,Zhang X F,Wang Y,Yan X B. 2006. Geological and geochemical signatures of hydrothermal activity and their influence on carbonate reservoir beds in the Tarim Basin. Acta Geologica Sinica,80(2): 245-254] 9 康玉柱. 2003. 塔里木盆地塔河大油田形成的地质条件及前景展望. 中国地质,30(3): 315-319. [Kang Y Z. 2003. Geological characteristics of formation of the large Tahe Oilfield in the Tarim Basin and its prospects. Geology in China,30(3): 315-319] 10 林世国,施振生,李君,王宗礼,高阳,李正文. 2012. 四川盆地上三叠统生物扰动环境分析及与储集性能的关系. 天然气地球科学,23(1): 74-80. [Lin S G,Shi Z S,Li J,Wang Z L,Gao Y,Li Z W. 2012. Environmental interpretation of Upper Triassic bioturbation structures and correlation with petrophysical properties of reservoirs in Sichuan Basin. Natural Gas Geoscience,23(1): 74-80] 11 鲁新便. 2004. 缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏开发描述及评价. 成都理工大学博士论文. [Lu X B. 2004. The development and estimation of fracture and vug carbonate reservoir. Doctoral Dissertation of Chengdu University of Technology] 12 鲁新便,高博禹,陈姝媚. 2003. 塔河油田下奥陶统碳酸盐岩古岩溶储集层研究: 以塔河油田6区为例. 矿物岩石,23(1): 87-92. [Lu X B,Gao B Y,Chen S M. 2003. Study on characteristics of paleokarst reservoir in Lower Ordovician carbonate of Tahe Oilfield. Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology,23(1): 87-92] 13 吕修祥,白忠凯,赵风云. 2008. 塔里木盆地塔中隆起志留纪油气成藏及分布特点. 地学前缘,15(2): 156-166. [Lü X X,Bai Z K,Zhao F Y. 2008. Hydrocarbon accumulation and distributional characteristics of the Silurian reservoirs in the Tazhong uplift of the Tarim Basin. Earth Science Frontiers,15(2): 156-166] 14 马永生,郭彤楼,赵雪凤,蔡勋育. 2007. 普光气田深部优质白云岩储集层形成机制. 中国科学(D辑: 地球科学),37(S2): 43-52. [Ma Y S,Guo T L,Zhao X F,Cai X Y. 2007. The formation mechanism of high-quality dolomite reservoir in the deep of Puguang Gas Field. Science in China(series D: Earth Sciences),37(S2): 43-52] 15 牛永斌. 2010. 塔河油田二区奥陶系碳酸盐岩储集体研究. 中国石油大学(华东)博士论文. [Niu Y B. 2010. Study on the carbonate reservoir of Ordovician in Block 2 of Tahe Oilfield. Dongying. Doctoral Dissertation of China University of Petroleum(East China)] 16 牛永斌,钟建华,王培俊,陈鑫,李佳. 2010a. 塔里木盆地西北缘奥陶系露头中的钙化特征及其石油地质意义. 中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),34(4): 25-32. [Niu Y B,Zhong J H,Wang P J,Chen X,Li J. 2010a. Tufa character and its oil-gas significance of Ordovician outcrops in the northwest margin of Tarim Basin. Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),34(4): 25-32] 17 牛永斌,钟建华,王培俊,单婷婷,李润泽. 2010b. 成岩作用对塔河油田二区奥陶系碳酸盐岩储集空间发育的影响. 中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),34(6): 13-18 [Niu Y B,Zhong J H,Wang P J,Shan T T,Li R Z. 2010b. Effect of diagenesis on accumulate capability of Ordovician carbonate rock in block 2 of Tahe Oilfield. Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),34(6): 13-18] 18 齐永安. 1999. 生物扰动和遗迹组构的描述与分析. 河南地质,17(4): 273-277. [Qi Y A. 1999. The description and analysis of bioturbation and ichnofabric. Henan Geology,17(4): 273-277] 19 齐永安,胡斌,张国成. 2007. 遗迹学在沉积环境分析和层序地层学研究中的应用. 江苏徐州: 中国矿业大学出版社. [Qi Y A,Hu B,Zhang G C. 2007. The Ichnology Application in Depositional Environmental Analysis and Sequence Stratigraphy. Jiangsu Xuzhou: China University on Mining and Technology Press] 20 齐永安,胡斌,张国成,龚一鸣. 2008. 第9届国际遗迹组构专题研讨会综述. 古地理学报,10(3): 305-311. [Qi Y A,Hu B,Zhang G C,Gong Y M. 2008. Outline of the Ninth International Ichnolofabric Workshop. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition),10(3): 305-311] 21 秦启荣,刘胜,苏培东. 2002. 塔中Ⅰ号断裂带O 2+3 灰岩储集层裂缝特征. 石油与天然气地质,23(2): 183-185. [Qin Q R,Liu S,Su P D. 2002. Characteristics of O 2+3 limestone reservoir rift in Tazhong 1# fracture zone. Oil & Gas Geology,23(2): 183-185] 22 王慧中. 1996. 东营凹陷沙河街组生物扰动构造半定量分析试验. 地质科学,31(3): 78-87. [Wang H Z. 1996. Semiquantitative analysis of bioturbations from the Shahejie Formation in the Dongying depression. Scientia Geologica Sinica,31(3): 78-87] 23 夏日元,唐建生. 2004. 矿物包裹体特征对古岩溶作用的指示性. 地球学报,25(3): 373-377. [Xia R Y,Tang J S. 2004. Indication of mineral inclusion characteristics to palaeokarst actions. Acta Geoscientica Sinica,25(3): 373-377] 24 杨式溥,张建平,杨美芳. 2004. 中国遗迹化石. 北京: 科学出版社. [Yang S P,Zhang J P,Yang M F. 2004. Trace Fossils in China. Beijing: Science Press] 25 俞仁连,傅恒. 2006. 构造运动对塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩的影响. 天然气勘探与开发,29(2): 1-5. [Yu R L,Fu H. 2006. Influence of tectonic movement on Ordovician carbonate of Tahe Oilfield. Natural Gas Exploration & Development,29(2): 1-5] 26 翟晓先,俞仁连,何发岐,周家驹. 2002. 塔河地区奥陶系一间房组微裂隙颗粒灰岩储集体的发现与勘探意义. 石油实验地质,24(5): 387-392. [Zhai X X,Yu R L,He F Q,Zhou J J. 2002. Discovery and exploration significance of microfissure grain limestone reservoirs in the Ordovician Yijianfang Formation of Tahe area. Petroleum Geology & Experiment,24(5): 387-392] 27 张家政,郭建华,赵广珍,刘喜顺,郭勇,范玉林. 2009. 南堡凹陷周边凸起地区碳酸盐岩古岩溶与油气成藏. 天然气工业,29(7): 123-128. [Zhang J Z,Guo J H,Zhao G Z,Liu X S,Guo Y,Fan Y L. 2009. Palaeokarst of carbonates and hydrocarbon pooling in salients surrounding Nanbao depression. Natural Gas Industry,29(7): 123-128] 28 张涛,闫相宾,王恕一,余茂生. 2004. 塔河油田奥陶系一间房组礁滩相溶蚀孔隙型储集层特征与成因. 石油天然气地质,25(4): 462-466. [Zhang T,Yan X B,Wang S Y,Yu M S. 2004. Characteristics and genesis of reef-bank facies reservoirs with dissolution pores in Ordovician Yijianfang Formation in the Tahe Oilfield. Oil & Gas Geology,25(4): 462-466] 29 赵宽志,张丽娟,郑多明,孙崇浩,党青宁. 2015. 塔里木盆地缝洞型碳酸盐岩油气藏储量计算方法. 石油勘探与开发,42(2): 251-256. [Zhao K Z,Zhang L J,Zheng D M,Sun C H,Dang Q N. 2015. A reserve calculation method for fracture-cavity carbonate reservoirs in Tarim Basin,NW China. Petroleum Exploration and Development,42(2): 251-256] 30 赵文智,王红军,单家增,汪泽成,许大丰. 2006a. 克拉2气田高效成藏中构造抽吸作用的地质分析与物理模拟. 中国科学(D辑: 地球科学),36(12): 1084-1091. [Zhao W Z,Wang H J,Shan J Z,Wang Z C,Xu D F. 2006a. Geological analysis and physical modeling of structural pumping in high effective formation of Kela 2 gas field. Science in China(series D: Earth Sciences),36(12): 1084-1091] 31 赵文智,杨晓萍,Kershaw S. 2006b. 四川盆地南部志留系碳酸盐泥丘储集层发育特征. 地质学报,85(10): 1615. [Zhao W Z,Yang X P,Kershaw S. 2006b. Characteristics of carbonate mud-mound reservoir in Silurian in the southern Sichuan Basin. Acta Geologica Sinica,85(10): 1615] 32 赵雪凤,朱光友,刘钦甫,张水昌. 2007. 深部海相碳酸盐岩储集层孔隙发育的主要因素研究. 天然气地球科学,18(4): 514-521. [Zhao X F,Zhu G Y,Liu Q F,Zhang S C. 2007. Main control factors of pore development in deep marine carbonate reservoirs. Natural Gas Geoscience,18(4): 514-521] 33 赵宗举,李宇平,吴兴宁,陈学时,俞广,贺训云,王双才. 2004. 塔里木盆地塔中地区奥陶系特大型岩性油气藏成藏条件及勘探潜力. 中国石油勘探,9(5): 12-20. [Zhao Z J,Li Y P,Wu X N,Chen X S,Yu G,He X Y,Wang S C. 2004. Conditions for migration and accumulation of Ordovician giant lithologic oil and gas reservoirs in Tazhong region and exploration potential. China Petroleum Exploration,9(5): 12-20] 34 郑和荣,刘春燕,吴茂炳,王毅. 2009. 塔里木盆地奥陶系颗粒石灰岩埋藏溶蚀作用. 石油学报,30(1): 9-15. [Zheng H R,Liu C Y,Wu M B,Wang Y. 2009. Burial dissolution of Ordovician granule limestone in Tarim Basin. Acta Petrolei Sinica,30(1): 9-15] 35 钟建华,孔凡亮,李阳,袁向春,高玉飞,梁刚,艾合买提江·阿不都热和曼,陈鑫,牛永斌,王培俊. 2010. 塔河油田四区奥陶系碳酸盐岩油藏中的缝合线研究. 地质论评,56(6): 841-850. [Zhong J H,Kong F L,Li Y,Yuan X C,Gao Y F,Liang G,Ahmatjan·Abdurahman,Chen X,Niu Y B,Wang P J. 2010. Research of stylolites in Ordovician carbonate reservoirs of the 4th Block,Tahe Oilfield,Tarim Basin. Geological Review,56(6): 841-850] 36 邹才能,陶士振. 2007. 海相碳酸盐岩大中型岩性地层油气田形成的主要控制因素. 科学通报,52(S1): 32-39. [Zou C N,Tao S Z. 2007. Main controlling factors of large and middle lithologic stratigraphic oil and gas fields in marine carbonate. Chinese Science Bulletin,52(S1): 32-39] 37 Bromley R G,Ekdale A A. 1986. Composite ichnofabrics and tiering of burrows. Geological Magazine,123(1): 59-65. 38 Dorador J,Rodríguez-Tovar F J,Expedition I. 2014a. Digital image treatment applied to ichnological analysis of marine core sediments. Facies,60(1): 39-44. 39 Dorador J,Rodríguez-Tovar F J,Expedition I. 2014b. Quantitative of bioturbation based on digital image analysis. Marine Geology,349: 55-60. 40 Gingras M K,MacMillan B,Balcom B J,Saunders T,Pemberton S G. 2002. Using magnetic resonance imaging and petrographic techniques to understand the textural attributes and porosity distribution in Macaronichnus-burrowed sandstone. Journal of Sedimentary Research,72(4): 552-558. 41 Heard T G,Pickering K T. 2008. Trace fossils as diagnostic indicators of deep-marine environments,Middle Eocene Ainsa-Jaca basin,Spanish Pyrenees. Sedimentology,55(4): 809-844. 42 Honeycutt C E,Plotnick R. 2008. Image analysis techniques and gray-level co-occurrence matrices(GLCM)for calculating bioturbation indices and characterizing biogenic sedimentary structures. Computers & Geosciences,34(11): 1461-1472. 43 Johansson E,Miskovsky K,Loorents K J,Löfgren O. 2008. A method for estimation of free mica particles in aggregate fine fraction by image analysis of grain mounts. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance,17(2): 250-253. 44 Löwemark L,Schäfer P. 2003. Ethological implications from a detailed X-ray radiograph and 14 C study of the modern deep-sea Zoophycos. Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,192(1): 101-121. 45 Löwemark L,Werner F. 2001. Dating errors in high-resolution stratigraphy: A detailed X-ray radiograph and AMS- 14 C study of Zoophycos burrows. Marine Geology,177(3): 191-198. 46 Lucia F J. 2007. Carbonate Reservoir Characterization: An Integrated Approach. Berlin: Springer-Verlag: 29-65. 47 Magwood J P A,Ekdale A A. 1994. Computer-aided analysis of visually complex ichnofabrics in deep-sea sediments. Palaios,9(1): 102-115. 48 Marenco K N,Bottjer D J. 2008. The importance of Planolites in the Cambrian substrate revolution. Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,258(3): 189-199. 49 Marenco K N,Bottjer D J. 2010. The intersection grid technique for quantifying the extent of bioturbation on bedding planes. Palaios,25(7): 457-462. 50 Marenco K N,Bottjer D J. 2011. Quantifying Bioturbation in Ediacaran and Cambrian Rocks: Quantifying the Evolution of Early Life. Spring Netherlands: 135-160. 51 Perring C S,Barnes S J,Verrall M,Hill R E T. 2004. Using automated digital image analysis to provide quantitative petrographic data on olivine-phyric basalts. Computers & Geosciences,30(2): 183-195. 52 Taylor A M,Goldring R. 1993. Description and analysis of bioturbation and ichnofabric. Journal of the Geological Society,150(1): 141-148.
