华南埃迪卡拉纪—寒武纪宏体藻类化石的时空分布与多样性变化<sup>*</sup>

doi:10.7605/gdlxb.2023.02.028

Abstract
Figure/Table
References()
Related Citation (15)
Read Tracking
Download Tracking

Download: PDF (3223 KB) HTML (1 KB)
Export: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS) Supporting Info

Abstract Numerous Ediacaran-Cambrian Lagerstätten in South China provide important fossil evidence for the understanding of early evolution of life and ecosystems. Macroalgae were abundant,widely distributed,diverse in morphology,and constituted an essential part of ecosystems during the Ediacaran-Cambrian. Previous investigations on the Ediacaran-Cambrian macroalgae in South China focused on morphology,classification and palaeoecology,while their geographical distribution and diversity changes have seldom been studied in detail. In this paper,we summarize the Ediacaran-Cambrian macroalgae from the Ediacaran-Cambrian Lagerstätten of South China. The palaeogeographic distribution and genus/species diversity of macroalgae increased significantly from early to late Ediacaran,and reached the peak in the Age 5. The palaeogeographic distribution and genus/species diversity were extremely low during the Terreneuvian(Cambrian),and increased during the Epoch 2. Thereafter,the palaeogeographic range of macroalgae decreased in the Miaolingian-Furongian,and the genus/species diversity increased significantly and reached the second peak. The increase of regional marine oxygen level,which is suggested to be closely related with the availability of nutrient elements such as N and P,may be the main reason for the flourishing of macroalgae(high genus and species diversity),and the wide distribution of mud shale suitable for the fossilization of soft-bodied organisms might be an important factor controlling the geographic extension of the Ediacaran-Cambrian macroalgae in South China.

	Service

	E-mail this article
	Add to my bookshelf
	Add to citation manager
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	Articles by authors
	LI Gaorong
	WEI Fan
	CONG Peiyun

Key words： macroalgae spatial-temporal distribution diversity Ediacaran Cambrian South China

Received: 28 October 2022

ZTFLH:

Q911.5

Fund:National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos. 42062001,42072019),the Program of the State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy(Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology,CAS)(No. 193128),Yunnan University “Double First-class” Construction Joint Project(No. 202201BF070001-016),Postgraduate Research Innovation Project of Yunnan University(No. KC-2222959)

Corresponding Authors: WEI Fan,born in 1985,an associate professor, is engaged in research on Early Cambrian fossil. E-mail: weifan@ynu.edu.cn.

About author: LI Gaorong,born in 1996,is a Ph.D. candidate at Institute of Palaeontology,Yunnan University. E-mail: ligaorong@mail.ynu.edu.cn.

Cite this article:

LI Gaorong,WEI Fan,CONG Peiyun. Spatial-temporal distribution and diversity of the Ediacaran-Cambrian macroalgae: insights from fossil records of South China[J]. JOPC, 2023, 25(2): 451-470.

URL:

http://journal09.magtechjournal.com/gdlxb/EN/10.7605/gdlxb.2023.02.028 OR http://journal09.magtechjournal.com/gdlxb/EN/Y2023/V25/I2/451

[1] 陈孟莪,萧宗正. 1992. 峡东震旦系陡山沱组宏体生物群. 古生物学报,(5): 513-521.
[Chen M E,Xiao Z Z.1992. Macrofossil from Doushantuo Formation of Sinian in eastern Xiadong. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,(5): 513-521]
[2] 陈孝红,汪啸风,王传尚,李志宏,陈立德. 1999. 湘西震旦系留茶坡组碳质宏化石初步研究. 华南地质与矿产, 15(2): 15-30.
[Chen X H,Wang X F,Wang C S,Li Z H,Chen L D.1999. A preliminary study on carbonaceous megafossils from the late Sinian Liuchapo Formation of west Hunan. Geology and Mineral Resources of South China, 15(2): 15-30]
[3] 陈孝红,汪啸风. 2002. 湘西震旦纪武陵山生物群的化石形态学特征和归属. 地质通报, 21(10): 638-645.
[Chen X H,Wang X F.2002. Morphology and systematics of fossils in the Sinian Wulingshan biota from western Hunnan Province. Geological Bulletin of China, 21(10): 638-645]
[4] 丁莲芳,李勇,胡夏嵩,肖娅萍,苏春乾,黄建成. 1996. 震旦纪庙河生物群. 北京: 地质出版社,1-221.
[Ding L F,Li Y,Hu X S,Xiao Y P,Su C Q,Huang J C.1996. Miaohe Biota from Sinian. Beijing: Geological Publishing House,1-221]
[5] 杜汝霖. 2017. 中国元古宙主要生物演化事件. 河北地质大学学报, 40(1): 1-12.
[Du R L.2017. Main biological evolution events of Proterozoic Eon in China. Journal of Heibei GEO University, 40(1): 1-12]
[6] 杜汝霖,田立富. 1982. 华北晚前寒武纪藻类化石的一个特殊类型-LQNGFENGSHANIA. 河北地质学院学报,(Z1): 7-13.
[Du R L,Tian L F.1982. LQNGFENGSHANIA,a special type of Late Precambrian algal fossils from North China. Journal of Heibei GEO University,(Z1): 7-13]
[7] 杜汝霖,田立富. 1985. 燕山青白口系宏观藻类龙凤山藻属的发现和初步研究. 地质学报, 59(3): 183-190.
[Du R L,Tian L F.1985. Discovery and preliminary study of mega-alga Longfengshania from the Qingbaikou system of the Yanshan mountain area. Acta Geologica Sinica, 59(3): 183-190]
[8] 符俊辉. 1989. 淮南生物群的组合面貌及其特征. 古生物学报,(5): 642-652.
[Fu J H.1989. Assemblage of Huainan biota and its characteristics. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,(5): 642-652]
[9] 傅晓平,伍孟银,刘兴尧,彭进,赵元龙. 2010. 黔东寒武系黔东统都匀阶杷榔组中的宏观藻类. 微体古生物学报, 27(3): 231-241.
[Fu X P,Wu M Y,Liu X Y,Peng J,Zhao Y L.2010. Macroalgae from the Balang Formation of the Duyunian(Cambrian), Guizhou Province. Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica, 27(3): 231-241]
[10] 傅晓平,伍孟银,赵元龙,刘兴尧,蒙信礼. 2011. 贵州凯里生物群中的宏观藻类化石丘尔藻(Chuaria)及其意义. 微体古生物学报, 28(2): 181-191.
[Fu X P,Wu M Y,Zhao Y L,Liu X Y,Meng X L.2011. Discovery and its significance of Chuaria circularis from the Kaili biota in Guizhou Province,South China. Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica, 28(2): 181-191]
[11] 傅晓平,伍孟银,赵元龙,朱伟华,杨宇宁. 2012. 贵州剑河八郎寒武系都匀阶“清虚洞组”宏观藻类化石的发现. 古生物学报, 51(1): 56-63.
[Fu X P,Wu M Y,Zhao Y L,Zhu W H,Yang Y N.2012. Discovery of Macroalgae from the Cambrian Tsinghsutung Formation of Guizhou. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 51(1): 56-63]
[12] 傅晓平,伍孟银,赵元龙,刘兴尧,王平丽,杨兴莲. 2014. 贵州金沙岩孔寒武纪牛蹄塘组宏观藻类化石的发现. 微体古生物学报, 31(2): 205-212.
[Fu X P,Wu M Y,Zhao Y L,Liu X Y,Wang P L,Yang X L.2014. Macroalgal fossils discovered from the Cambrian Niutitang Formation,Jinsha,Guizhou Province,SW China. Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica, 31(2): 205-212]
[13] 郭俊锋,李勇,舒德干. 2010. 湖北三峡地区纽芬兰统岩家河组的宏体藻类化石. 古生物学报, 49(3): 336-342.
[Guo J F,Li Y,Shu D G.2010. Fossil macroscopic algae from the Yanjiahe Formation,Terreneuvian of the three gorges area,South China. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 49(3): 336-342]
[14] 郭俊锋,强亚琴,宋祖晨,郑亚娟,姚肖永,肖良,李相传. 2017. 寒武纪早期岩家河生物群: 研究进展和展望. 古生物学报, 56(4): 461-475.
[Guo J F,Qiang Y Q,Song Z C,Zheng Y J,Yao X Y,Xiao L,Li X C.2017. Research progress and prospect on the early Cambrian Yanjiahe biota. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 56(4): 461-475]
[15] 胡世学,朱茂炎,罗惠麟,米歇尔. 斯坦纳,赵方臣,李国祥,刘琦,张志飞. 2013. 关山生物群. 昆明: 云南科技出版社,1-204.
[Hu S X,Zhu M Y,Luo H L,Steiner M,Zhao F C,Li G X,Liu Q,Zhang Z F.2013. The Guanshan Biota. Kunming: Yunnan Science and Technology Press,1-204]
[16] 胡修棉,王成善,李祥辉. 2001. 大洋缺氧事件的碳稳定同位素响应. 成都理工学院学报,28(1): 1-6.
[Hu X M,Wang C S,Li X H.2001. Stable carbon isotope response to oceanic anoxic events. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology,28(1): 1-6]
[17] 胡修棉,王成善. 2001. 古海洋溶解氧研究方法综述. 地球科学进展,16(1): 65-71.
[Hu X M,Wang C S.2001. Summarization on the studying methods of the palaeo-ocean dissolved oxygen. Advance in Earth Sciences,16(1): 65-71]
[18] 华洪,张录易,张子福,王静平. 2000. 陕南末元古代高家山生物群主要化石类群及其特征. 古生物学报,(4): 507-515.
[Hua H,Zhao L Y,Zhao Z F,Wang J P.2000. Fossil evidences of latest Neoproterozoic Gaojiashan biota and their characteristics. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,(4): 507-515]
[19] 林世敏,张运芬,陶喜森,王明加,张录易. 1986. 陕南震旦系上统高家山组发现的后生动物、遗迹化石和宏观藻类化石. 陕西地质,4(1): 9-17.
[Lin S M,Zhang Y F,Tao X S,Wang J M,Zhang L Y.1986. Body and trace fossils of metazoan and algal macrofossils from the upper Sinian Gaojiashan Formation in southern Shaanxi. Geology of Shaanxi,4(1): 9-17]
[20] 刘傲然. 2018. 河北怀来新元古代青白口纪龙凤山宏观藻类生物群特征与地质意义. 中国地质大学博士论文:1-189.
[Liu A R.2018. The characteristics and geological significance of Longfengshan macroalgal biota in Tonian,Neoproterozoic,Hebei Huailai. Doctoral dissertation of China University of Geosciences:1-189]
[21] 刘璠,陈飞扬,陈延龙,张志飞. 2017. 湖北秭归茅坪镇下茶庄剖面石牌动物群初探. 古生物学报, 56(4): 516-528.
[Liu F,Chen F Y,Chen Y L,Zhang Z F.2017. Notes on the Shipai biota(Cambrian Series 2,Stage 4)yielded from a new section(Xiachazhuang)in the Maoping town of Zigui County,western Hubei Province,South China. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 56(4): 516-528]
[22] 刘涛. 2017. 藻类系统学. 北京: 海洋出版社,1-337.
[Liu Tao.2017. Algae Systematics. Beijing: Ocean Press,1-337]
[23] 罗惠麟,蒋志文,武希彻,宋学良,欧阳麟,邢裕盛. 1985. 中国云南梅树村前寒武系—寒武系界线剖面. 科学通报, 30(21): 1650-1652.
[Luo H L,Jiang Z W,Wu X C,Song X L,Ouyang L,Xing Y S.1985. Precambrian-Cambrian boundary section in Meishucun,Yunnan Province,China. Chinese Science Bulletin, 30(21): 1650-1652]
[24] 罗惠麟,武希彻,欧阳麟,蒋志文,宋学良. 1988. 扬子地台震旦系—寒武系界线剖面地层对比的新认识. 云南地质,7(1): 13-27.
[Luo H L,Wu X C,Ouyang L,Jiang Z W,Song X L.1988. New correlation opinions on the sections of Sinian-Cambrian boundary in the Yangtze platform. Yunnan Geology,7(1): 13-27]
[25] 罗惠麟,李勇,胡世学,傅晓平,侯蜀光,刘兴尧,陈良忠,李峰军,庞纪院,刘琦. 2008. 云南东部早寒武世马龙动物群和关山动物群. 昆明: 云南科技出版社,1-134.
[Luo H L,Li Y,Hu S X. Fu X P,Hou S G,Liu X Y,Chen L Z,Li F J,Pang J Y,Liu Q.2008. Early Cambrian Malong Fauna and Guanshan Fauna from Eastern Yunnan China. Kunming: Yunnan Science and Technology Press,1-134]
[26] 牛绍武,朱士兴. 2002. 论淮南生物群. 地层学杂志,26(1): 1-8.
[Niu S,Zhu S X.2002. On the Huainan biota. Journal of Stratigraphy,26(1): 1-8]
[27] 潘晓强,华洪,代乔坤,骆劲舟,刘紫薇. 2022. 宜昌地区寒武系水井沱组(第二统第三阶)生物组合面貌及其地层分布. 地学前缘,1-16. https://doi.org/10.13745/j.esf.sf.2022.5.32.
[Pan X Q,Hua H,Dai Q K,Luo J Z,Liu Z W.2022. Fossil assemblages and stratigraphic distribution of the Shuijingtuo Formation(Cambrian series 2,stage 3)in Yichang area,Hubei Province,China. Earth Science Frontiers,1-16. https://doi.org/10.13745/j.esf.sf.2022.5.32]
[28] 唐烽,宋学良,尹崇玉,刘鹏举,Awramik S M,王自强,高林志. 2006. 华南滇东地区震旦(Ediacaran)系顶部Longfengshaniaceae藻类化石的发现及意义. 地质学报, 80(11): 1643-1649.
[Tang F,Song X L,Yin C Y,Liu P J,Awramik S M,Wang Z Q,Gao L Z.2006. Discoveries of Longfengshaniaceae from the uppermost Ediacaran(Sinian)in eastern Yunnan,South China and significances. Acta Geologica Sinica, 80(11): 1643-1649]
[29] 唐烽,尹崇玉,刘鹏举,王自强,高林志. 2007. 滇东埃迪卡拉(震旦)系顶部旧城段多样宏体化石群的发现. 古地理学报, 9(5): 533-540.
[Tang F,Yin C Y,Liu P J,Wang Z Q,Gao L Z.2007. Discovery of diverse macrofossil assemblages from the Jiucheng Member of uppermost Ediacaran in eastern Yunnan. Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition), 9(5): 533-540]
[30] 唐烽,高林志,尹崇玉,王约,顾鹏. 2015. 华南伊迪卡拉(震旦)系顶部建阶层型和界线层型新资料. 地质通报, 34(12): 2150-2162.
[Tang F,Gao L Z,Yin C Y,Wang Y,Gu P.2015. Macrofossil biotas in the Late Ediacaran-Cambrian boundary interval of South China and stratotype correlation. Geological Bulletin of China, 34(12): 2150-2162]
[31] 王平丽,赵元龙,李增学,杨兴莲,伍孟银,张培兴. 2013. 贵州金沙长岩沟寒武系牛蹄塘组生物群组成特征. 地质通报, 32(5): 760-766.
[Wang P L,Zhao Y L,Li Z X,Yang X L,Wu M Y,Zhang P X.2013. Features of the Cambrian Niutitang Biota from Changyangou Village,Jinsha County,Guizhou Province. Geological Bulletin of China, 32(5): 760-766]
[32] 王新强,史晓颖. 2010. 华南伊迪卡拉纪碳同位素时空变化及其对生物演化的影响. 中国科学: 地球科学, 40(1): 18-27.
[Wang X Q,Shi X Y.2009. Spatio-temporal carbon isotope variation during the Ediacaran period in South China and its impact on bio-evolution. Scientia Sinica Terrae, 52(10): 1520-1528]
[33] 王野. 2019. 贵州伊迪卡拉纪瓮会生物群及其 “爆发式”繁盛前环境. 中国地质大学(北京)博士论文:1-158.
[Wang Y.2019. The Ediacaran Wenghui Biota in Northeast Guizhou,South China and the Environment Before Its “Explosive Prosperity”. Doctoral dissertation of China University of Geosciences(Beijing):1-158]
[34] 王约,王训练,黄禹铭. 2007. 黔东北伊迪卡拉纪陡山沱组的宏体藻类. 地球科学, 32(6): 828-844.
[Wang Y,Wang X L,Hang Y M.2007. Macroscopic Algae from the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation in Northeast Guizhou,South China. Earth Science, 32(6): 828-844]
[35] 伍孟银,童金南,傅晓平,赵元龙. 2010. 贵州凯里生物群中的陡山沱藻(Doushantuophyton Chen et Xiao). 高校地质学报, 16(3): 317-326.
[Wu M Y,Tong J N,Fu X P,Zhao Y L.2010. Doushantuophyton Chen et Xiao(Algae)from Kaili Biota,Guizhou Province,China. Geological Journal of China Universities, 16(3): 317-326]
[36] 伍孟银,赵元龙,傅晓平. 2012. 多枝黄山藻(Huangshanophyton fluticulosum Chen,Lu and Xiao,1994)在凯里生物群中的发现. 贵州大学学报(自然科学版), 29(4): 32-36.
[Wu M Y,Zhao Y L,Fu X P.2012. Huangshanophyton fluticulosum Chen,Lu & Xiao,1994(Algae)from the Kaili Biota,Guizhou Province,China. Journal of Guizhou University(Natural Sciences), 29(4): 32-36]
[37] 伍孟银,赵元龙,傅晓平. 2013. 贵州埃迪卡拉纪—寒武纪裂散长索藻Longifuniculum dissolutum的分布及其形态变化. 高校地质学报, 19(4): 642-647.
[Wu M Y,Zhao Y L,Fu X P.2013. Distribution and Morphological Changes of Longifuniculum dissolutum from Ediacaran-Cambrian in Guizhou Province,South China. Geological Journal of China Universities, 19(4): 642-647]
[38] 邢裕盛. 1985. 云南昆明附近震旦纪宏观藻类化石的发现及其地层意义. 中国地质科学院地质研究所文集,(2): 118.
[Xing Y S.1985. Macroscopic fossil algae from Sinian near Kunming and its stratigraphical significance. Proceedings of Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,(2): 118]
[39] 杨凡,秦树健,丁伟铭,徐祎贺,沈冰. 2018. 湖北峡东地区灯影组石板滩段宏体藻类化石新发现. 北京大学学报(自然科学版), 54(3): 563-572.
[Yang F,Qin S J,Ding W M,Xu Y H,Shen B.2018. New discovery of macroscopic algae fossils from Shibantan bituminous limestone of Dengying Formation in the Yangtze Gorges area,South China. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 54(3): 563-572]
[40] 杨瑞东. 2006. 贵州凯里生物群藻类化石及古生态学研究. 贵阳: 贵州科技出版社,1-186.
[Yang R D.2006. Study on Algae Fossils and Paleoecology of Kaili Biota,Guizhou Province. Guiyang: Guizhou Science and Technology Press,1-186]
[41] 杨瑞东,赵元龙,郭庆军. 1999a. 贵州早寒武世早期黑色页岩中藻类及其环境意义. 古生物学报,(S1): 145-156.
[Yang R D,Zhao Y L,Guo Q J.1999a. Algae and acritarchs and their palaeoceanographic significance from the Early Cambrian black shale in Guizhou,China. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,(S1): 145-156]
[42] 杨瑞东,赵元龙,郭庆军,施贵军. 1999b. 贵州台江早—中寒武世凯里组的宏观藻类化石. 地质论评, 45(3): 3-5.
[Yang R D,Zhao Y L,Guo Q J,Shi G J.1999b. Early-Middle Cambrian macroalgal fossils from Taijiang County,Guizhou,China. Geological Review, 45(3): 3-5]
[43] 杨瑞东,毛家仁,赵元龙,陈笑媛,杨兴莲. 2001. 贵州台江中寒武世凯里组中分枝状宏观藻类化石. 地质学报,75(4): 433-440.
[Yang R D,Mao J R,Zhao Y L,Chen X Y,Yang X L.2001. Branching macroalgal fossils of the Early-Middle Cambrian Kaili Formation from Taijiang,Guizhou Province,China. Acta Geologica Sinica,75(4): 433-440]
[44] 叶琴. 2018. 华南神农架—黄陵地区晚新元古代宏体藻类化石研究. 中国地质大学博士论文:1-198.
[Ye Q.2018. Study on the Macroalgae in the late Neoproterozoic of the Shennongjia and Huangling area,South China. Doctoral dissertation of China University of Geosciences:1-198]
[45] 袁训来,李军,陈孟莪. 1995. 晚前寒武纪后生植物的发展及其化石证据. 古生物学报,(1): 90-102.
[Yuan X L,Li J,Chen M E.1995. Development and their fossil records of metaphytes from late Precambrian. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,(1): 90-102]
[46] 袁训来,肖书海,尹磊明,安德鲁·诺尔,周传明,穆西南. 2002. 陡山沱期生物群: 早期动物辐射前夕的生命. 合肥: 中国科学技术大学出版社,1-171.
[Yuan X L,Xiao S H,Yin L M,Knoll,Zhou C M,Mu X N. 2002. Doushantuo Fossils: Life on the Eve of Animal Radiation. Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China Press,1-171]
[47] 袁训来,万斌,关城国,陈哲,周传明,肖书海,王伟,庞科,唐卿,华洪. 2016. 蓝田生物群. 上海: 上海科学技术出版社,1-137.
[Yuan X L,Wan B,Guan C G,Chen Z,Zhou C M,Xiao S H,Wang W,Pang K,Tang Q,Hua H.2016. The Lantian Biota. Shanghai: Shanghai Science and Technology Press,1-138]
[48] 袁训来,庞科,唐卿,李光金,肖书海,周传明,陈哲,陈雷,万斌,王伟,关成国,欧阳晴,牛长泰,王霄鹏,刘雅榕. 2023. 复杂生物的起源和早期演化. 科学通报,68(Z1):169-187.
[Yuan X L,Pang K,Tang Q,Li G J,Xiao S H,Zhou C M,Chen Z,Chen L,Wan B,Wang W,Guan G C,Ouyang Q,Niu C T,Wang X P,Liu Y R.2023. The origin and early evolution of complex organisms. Chinese Science Bulletin,68(Z1):169-187]
[49] 张凤廉,王华建,张水昌,邓胜徽,叶云涛,邓焱,王晓梅,吕丹,卢远征,吕怡潼. 2021. 元古宙真核藻类演化及环境控制因素. 地质学报, 95(5): 1334-1355.
[Zhang F L,Wang H J,Zhang S C,Deng S H,Ye Y T,Deng Y,Wang X M,Lü D,Lu Y Z,Lü Y T.2021. Evolution of Proterozoic eukaryotic algae and environmental constraints. Acta Geologica Sinica, 95(5): 1334-1355]
[50] 赵小云. 2021. 剑河生物群的组合特征及演化位置. 贵州大学硕士论文: 1-92.
[Zhao X Y.2021. The Assemblage Characteristics and Evolutionary Status of Jianhe Biota. Masteral dissertation of Guizhou University: 1-92]
[51] 郑曦. 2010. 宽川铺生物群再研究. 长安大学硕士论文:1-66.
[Zheng X.2010. The Restudy of Kuanchuanpu Biota. Masteral dissertation of Chang’an University:1-66]
[52] 周传明,袁训来,肖书海,陈哲,华洪. 2019. 中国埃迪卡拉纪综合地层和时间框架. 中国科学: 地球科学, 49(1): 7-25.
[Zhou C M,Yuan X L,Xiao S H,Chen Z,Hua H.2019. Ediacaran integrative stratigraphy and timescale of China. Science China Earth Sciences, 62: 7-24]
[53] 周传明,欧阳晴,王伟,万斌,关成国,陈哲,袁训来. 2021. 中国埃迪卡拉纪岩石地层划分和对比. 地层学杂志, 45(3): 211-222.
[Zhou C M,Ouyang Q,Wang W,Wan B,Guan C G,Chen Z,Yuan X L.2021. Lithostratigraphic subdivision and correlation of the Ediacaran in China. Journal of Stratigraphy, 45(3): 211-222]
[54] 朱茂炎,杨爱华,袁金良,李国祥,张俊明,赵方臣,Ahn S Y,苗兰云. 2019. 中国寒武纪综合地层和时间框架. 中国科学: 地球科学, 49: 26-65.
[Zhu M Y,Yang A H,Yuan J L,Li G X,Zhang J M,Zhao F C,Ahn S Y,Miao L Y.2019. Cambrian integrative stratigraphy and timescale of China. Science China Earth Sciences, 62: 25-60]
[55] 朱茂炎,孙智新,杨爱华,袁金良,李国祥,周志强,张俊明. 2021. 中国寒武纪岩石地层划分和对比. 地层学杂志, 45(3): 223-249.
[Zhu M Y,Sun Z X,Yang A H,Yuan J L,Li G X,Zhou Z Q,Zhang J M.2021. Lithostratigraphic subdivision and correlation of the Cambrian in China. Journal of Stratigraphy, 45(3): 223-249]
[56] Anbar A D,Knoll A H.2002. Proterozoic ocean chemistry and evolution: a bioinorganic bridge?Science, 297(5584): 1137-1142.
[57] Babcock L E,Shanchi P,Wasserman G J,Robison R A,Laurie J R,Paterson J R,Brock G A.2012. Exceptionally preserved biota from a carbonate lithofacies,Huaqiao Formation(Cambrian,Drumian Stage), Hunan,China. Memoir of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists,42:137-151.
[58] Bristow T F,Kennedy M J.2008. Carbon isotope excursions and the oxidant budget of the Ediacaran atmosphere and ocean. Geology, 36(11): 863-866.
[59] Campbell I H,Squire R J.2010. The mountains that triggered the Late Neoproterozoic increase in oxygen: the Second Great Oxidation Event. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 74(15): 4187-4206.
[60] Chen B,Hu C,Mills B J W,He T,Andersen M B,Chen X,Liu P,Lu M,Newton R J,Poulton S W,Shields G A,Zhu M.2022. A short-lived oxidation event during the early Ediacaran and delayed oxygenation of the Proterozoic ocean. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 577: 117274.
[61] Chen J,Erdtmann B D.1991. Lower Cambrian lagerstätte from Chengjiang,Yunnan,China: insights for reconstructing early metazoan life. In: Simonetta A M,Conway M S(eds). The Early Evolution of Metazoa and the Significance of Problematic Taxa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,57-76.
[62] Chen Z,Hu J,Zhou C,Xiao S,Yuan X.2004. Sponge fossil assemblage from the Early Cambrian Hetang Formation in southern Anhui. Chinese Science Bulletin, 49(15): 1625-1628.
[63] Cremonese L,Shields-Zhou G A,Struck U,Ling H,Och L. M.2014. Nitrogen and organic carbon isotope stratigraphy of the Yangtze Platform during the Ediacaran-Cambrian transition in South China. Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology, 398: 165-186.
[64] Fu D,Tong G,Dai T,Liu W,Yang Y,Zhang Y,Cui L,Li L,Yun H,Wu Y,Sun A,Liu C,Pei W,Gaines R R,Zhang X.2019. The Qingjiang biota: a Burgess shale-type fossil Lagerstätte from the Early Cambrian of South China. Science, 363(6433): 1338-1342.
[65] Han T M,Runnegar B.1992. Megascopic eukaryotic algae from the 2.1-billion-year-old Negaunee Iron-Formation,Michigan. Science, 257(5067): 232-235.
[66] Hou X G,Siveter D J,Siveter D J,Aldridge R J,Cong P Y,Gabbott S E,Ma X Y, Purnell M A, Williams M.2017. The Cambrian fossils of Chengjiang,China: The Flowering of Early Animal Life. UK: John Wiley & Sons.
[67] Hu S,Zhu M,Steiner M,Luo H,Zhao F,Liu Q.2010. Biodiversity and taphonomy of the Early Cambrian Guanshan biota,eastern Yunnan. Science China Earth Sciences, 53(12): 1765-1773.
[68] Jiang G,Shi X,Zhang S,Wang Y,Xiao S.2011. Stratigraphy and paleogeography of the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation(ca. 635-551 Ma)in south China. Gondwana Research, 19(4): 831-849.
[69] Knoll A H.2017. Food for early animal evolution. Nature, 548(7669): 528-530.
[70] Li C,Cheng M,Zhu M,Lyons T W.2018. Heterogeneous and dynamic marine shelf oxygenation and coupled early animal evolution. Emerging Topics in Life Sciences, 2(2): 279-288.
[71] Liu Y,Wang Q,Shao T,Dong J,Tang H,Zhang Y,Jiang K,Hu B,Wang Z,Pang G,Ma Y,Fan Z.2016. Xixiang biota: another rare scientific window of the Cambrian explosion. Acta Geologica Sinica, 90(3): 1045-1046.
[72] LoDuca S T,Wu M,Zhao Y,Xiao S,Schiffbauer J D,Caron J,Babcock L E,Lund U,Lithosphere A B S,Lunds U,Berggrundsgeologi.2015. Reexamination of Yuknessia from the Cambrian of China and first report of Fuxianospira from North America. Journal of Paleontology, 89(6): 899-911.
[73] LoDuca S T,Bykova N,Wu M,Xiao S,Zhao Y.2017. Seaweed morphology and ecology during the great animal diversification events of the early Paleozoic: a tale of two floras. Geobiology, 15(4): 588-616.
[74] McFadden K A,Huang J,Chu X,Jiang G,Kaufman A J,Zhou C,Xiao S.2008. Pulsed oxidation and biological evolution in the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105(9): 3197-3202.
[75] Miao L,Moczydłowska M,Zhu S,Zhu M.2019. New record of organic-walled,morphologically distinct microfossils from the Late Paleoproterozoic Changcheng Group in the Yanshan Range,North China. Precambrian Research, 321: 172-198.
[76] Narbonne G M,Xiao S,Shields G A,Gehling J G.2012. The Ediacaran Period. In: Gradstein F M,Ogg J G,Schmitz M D,Ogg G M(eds). The Geologic Time Scale. Boston: Elsevier,413-435.
[77] Planavsky N J,Rouxel O J,Bekker A,Lalonde S V,Konhauser K O,Reinhard C T,Lyons T W.2010. The evolution of the marine phosphate reservoir. Nature, 467(7319): 1088-1090.
[78] Sahoo S K,Planavsky N J,Jiang G,Kendall B,Owens J D,Wang X,Shi X,Anbar A D,Lyons T W.2016. Oceanic oxygenation events in the anoxic Ediacaran ocean. Geobiology, 14(5): 457-468.
[79] Squire R,Campbell I,Allen C,Wilson C.2006. Did the Transgondwanan supermountain trigger the explosive radiation of animals on Earth? Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 250(1-2): 116-133.
[80] Steiner M,Zhu M,Zhao Y,Erdtmann B.2005. Lower Cambrian Burgess shale-type fossil associations of South China. Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology, 220(1-2): 129-152.
[81] Wang X,Jiang G,Shi X,Peng Y,Morales D C.2018. Nitrogen isotope constraints on the early Ediacaran ocean redox structure. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 240: 220-235.
[82] Wang Y,Wang Y,Du W,Wang X.2016. New data of macrofossils in the Ediacaran Wenghui biota from Guizhou,South China. Acta Geologica Sinica-English Edition, 90(5): 1611-1628.
[83] Wang Y,Wang Y,Du W.2017. A rare disc-like holdfast of the Ediacaran macroalga from South China. Journal of Paleontology, 91(6): 1091-1101.
[84] Wang Y,Wang Y,Tang F,Zhao M.2020. Ediacaran macroalgal holdfasts and their evolution: a case study from China. Palaeontology, 63(5): 821-840.
[85] Wu M,Zhao Y,Tong J,Yang R.2011. New macroalgal fossils of the Kaili Biota in Guizhou Province,China. Science China Earth Sciences, 54(1): 93-100.
[86] Wu M,LoDuca S T,Zhao Y,Xiao S.2016. The macroalga Bosworthia from the Cambrian Burgess Shale and Kaili biotas of North America and China. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 230: 47-55.
[87] Xiao S.2008. Geobiological Events in the Ediacaran Period. The Paleontological Society Papers, 14: 85-104.
[88] Xiao S,Dong L.2006. On the morphological and ecological history of Proterozoic macroalgae. In: Xiao S, Kaufma A J(eds). Neoproterozoic Geobiology and Paleobiology. Dordrecht: Springer,57-90.
[89] Xiao S,Knoll A H,Yuan X.1998. Morphological reconstruction of Miaohephyton bifurcatum: a possible brown alga from the Neoproterozoic Doushantuo Formation,South China. Journal of Paleontology, 72(6): 1072-1086.
[90] Xiao S,Muscente A D,Chen L,Zhou C,Schiffbauer J D,Wood A D,Polys N F,Yuan X.2014. The Weng’an biota and the Ediacaran radiation of multicellular eukaryotes. National Science Review, 1(4): 498-520.
[91] Xiao S,Narbonne G M,Zhou C,Laflamme M,Grazhdankin D V,Moczydlowska-Vidal M,Cui H.2016. Towards an Ediacaran time scale: problems,protocols,and prospects. Episodes, 39: 540-555.
[92] Xiao S H,Yuan X L,Steiner M,Knoll A H.2002. Macroscopic carbonaceous compressions in a terminal Proterozoic shale: a systematic reassessment of the Miaohe biota,south China. Journal of Paleontology, 76(2): 347-376.
[93] Xu Z.2001a. Discovery of Enteromophites in the Chengjiang Biota and its ecological significance. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 43(8): 863.
[94] Xu Z.2001b. New Discoveries of Phaeophycean Fossils in the Early Cambrian,Haikou,Kunming,Yunnan,Southwest China. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 43(10): 1072.
[95] Ye Q,Tong J,Xiao S,Zhu S,An Z,Tian L,Hu, J.2015. The survival of benthic macroscopic phototrophs on a Neoproterozoic snowball Earth. Geology, 43(6): 507-510.
[96] Ye Q,Tong J,An Z,Hu J,Tian L,Guan K,Xiao S.2019. A systematic description of new macrofossil material from the upper Ediacaran Miaohe Member in South China. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 17(3): 183-238.
[97] Yang R.2000. Discovery of Corallina fossil from the Middle Cambrian of Taijiang County,Guizhou Province,China. Chinese Science Bulletin,45(6): 544-547.
[98] Yuan X,Li J,Cao R.1999. A diverse metaphyte assemblage from the Neoproterozoic black shales of South China. Lethaia, 32(2): 143-155.
[99] Yuan X,Chen Z,Xiao S,Zhou C,Hua H.2011. An early Ediacaran assemblage of macroscopic and morphologically differentiated eukaryotes. Nature, 470(7334): 390-393.
[100] Yuan X,Chen Z,Xiao S,Wan B,Guan C,Wang W,Zhou C,Hua H.2013. The Lantian biota: a new window onto the origin and early evolution of multicellular organisms. Chinese Science Bulletin, 58(7): 701-707.
[101] Zhang M,Chen Z,Harper D A T.2021. An atypical Burgess Shale-type fossil assemblage from Cambrian Stage 4 of the Jingshan area,South China: taphonomy,palaeoecology,and global correlations. Global and Planetary Change, 206: 103640.
[102] Zhu S,Zhu M,Knoll A H,Yin Z,Zhao F,Sun S,Liu H.2016. Decimetre-scale multicellular eukaryotes from the 1.56-billion-year-old Gaoyuzhuang Formation in North China. Nature Communications, 7(1): 1-8.