The cancer registration work in Liaoning Province has gone through 40 years process since its inception in the 1980s.This article systematically reviews the developmental history of cancer registration in Liaoning Province,and highlights a series of measures taken to improve work quality,including strengthening training,reducing missing reports,semi-automatic electronic reporting card,and feedback on data quality evaluation in all regions.Since its launch,the cancer registration work in Liaoning Province has achieved provincial coverage,and 21 national level tumor monitoring points(covering 47 counties and districts)have been established,achieving certain achievements.However,there are also some problems and shortcomings in the cancer registration work in Liaoning Province.In the future,we will continue to explore suitable working mechanisms,formulate effective measures according to local conditions,actively summarize advanced experience in the cancer registration work,and promote the more comprehensive development of cancer registration work in Liaoning Province.

Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence and mortality of breast cancer in cancer registration areas of Yunnan Province in 2020 and the change trend of incidence and mortality from 2012 to 2020,so as to provide scientific basis for the formulation of prevention and control strategies and measures for breast cancer in Yunnan Province. Methods The incidence,mortality and related population data of female breast cancer cases included in the national registration annual report in cancer registration areas of Yunnan Province from 2012 to 2020 were collected.The statistical indicators such as incidence,mortality,age-standardized incidence rate by Chinese standard population(ASIRC),age-standardized mortality rate by Chinese standard population(ASMRC),age-standardized incidence rate by World standard population(ASIRW)and age-standardized mortality rate by World standard population(ASMRW)were calculated by urban and rural areas,and by age groups.The Joinpoint 4.8.0.1 software was used to analyze the trends in various indicators for the cancer registration areas in Yunnan Province from 2012 to 2020. Results In 2020,the incidence of female breast cancer in cancer registration areas of Yunnan Province was 24.95/100,000,ASIRC and ASIRW were 18.75/100,000 and 17.31/100,000,respectively.The incidence of the age group maintained at a low level before the age of 25,slow increase in the 25-39 age group,the 40-49 age group rose rapidly,and the 50-54 age group reached the peak(54.99/100,000),and then gradually declined with the increase of age.In 2020,the breast cancer mortality rate among women in the cancer registration regions of Yunnan Province was 5.89/100,000,with ASMRC of 3.93/100,000 and ASMRW of 3.80/100,000,respectively.The mortality in the age group was at a relatively low level before the age of 25,and then fluctuated with age after the age of 25,reaching its peak in the 75-79 age group(21.63/100,000).The incidence rates in urban and rural cancer registration areas were 20.76/100,000 and 18.00/100,000,respectively,while the mortality rates were 4.76/100,000 and 3.63/100,000,respectively(P＜0.001).From 2012 to 2020,the annual percentage change(APC)in the incidence rate and ASIRW of breast cancer among women in the cancer registration areas of Yunnan Province were -0.43%(95% CI:-3.71% to 2.95%)and -0.09%(95% CI:-3.83% to 1.93%),showing a trend of first increasing and then decreasing,but the trend was not statistically significant(P＞0.05);Mortality rates and age-standardized mortality rates showed a decreasing trend,with mortality rates decreasing from 10.22/100,000 in 2012 to 5.89/100,000 in 2020,with a statistically significant trend(APC=-6.21%,95% CI:-8.45% to -3.92%,P＜0.05),the age-standardized mortality rate decreased from 7.37/100,000 in 2012 to 3.80/100,000 in 2020,with a statistically significant trend(APC=-6.70%,95% CI:-9.21% to -4.13%,P＜0.05). Conclusions In 2020,the mortality rate of female breast cancer age group in cancer registration areas of Yunnan Province showed a fluctuating increase,and there was a difference in the incidence and mortality between urban and rural areas.They were higher in urban areas than those in rural areas,and the mortality and ASMRW from 2012 to 2020 showed a general downward trend.

Objective The Objective of this study was to analyze the incidence and mortality trends of malignant tumors among urban residents in Fuxin City,Liaoning Province from 2014 to 2020. Methods The incidence and mortality data of urban residents in Fuxin City from 2014 to 2020 were analyzed,and the crude incidence,crude mortality,age-standardized incidence rate by Chinese standard population(ASIRC),age-standardized mortality rate by Chinese standard population(ASMRC),age-standardized incidence rate by World standard population(ASIRW),age-standardized mortality rate by World standard population(ASMRW)and annual percentage change(APC)were calculated.Joinpoint 4.8.0 software was used to analyze the incidence and mortality trends of malignant tumors among urban residents in Fuxin City from 2014 to 2020. Results The crude incidence of malignant tumors among urban residents in Fuxin City,Liaoning Province from 2014 to 2020 was 386.02/100,000,the ASIRC was 188.18/100,000 and the ASIRW was 185.56/100,000,the trend of crude incidence showed an upward trend(APC=3.17%,95% CI:1.73%4.63%,P=0.002).The change trend of ASIRC was not statistically significant(APC=-2.15%,95% CI:-4.55%0.31%,P=0.075).The crude mortality of malignant tumors among urban residents in Fuxin City,Liaoning Province from 2014 to 2020 was 274.40/100,000,the ASMRC was 131.07/100,000,the ASMRW was 128.22/100,000.During the same period,the trend of crude mortality showed an upward trend(APC=6.37%,95% CI:4.64%8.14%,P＜0.001),but the change trend of ASMRC was not statistically significant(APC=0.68%,95% CI:-0.77%2.17%,P=0.282).The incidence and mortality of malignant tumors increased with age,reaching the peak in the 80-84 years old age group from 2014 to 2020(the incidence was 1 890.49/100,000 and the mortality was 1 634.84/100,000).The five most common malignant tumors by incidence were lung cancer,female breast cancer,colorectal cancer,liver cancer and stomach cancer.The five most common malignant tumors by mortality were lung cancer,liver cancer,colorectal cancer,stomach cancer and esophageal cancer. Conclusions The incidence and mortality trends of malignant tumors among urban residents in Fuxin City,Liaoning Province from 2014 to 2020 remain stable.Elderly people are at high risk of malignant tumors and should be the focus of malignant tumors prevention and control interventions.

Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the mortality of lung cancer among urban residents in Yingkou City from 2013 to 2021,understand the epidemiological characteristics and trends of lung cancer mortality among urban residents in Yingkou City,and provide the reference basis for better formulating lung cancer prevention and control strategies. Methods The data on lung cancer mortality among urban residents in Yingkou City were collected from all the mortality monitoring data in the information system of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention from 2013 to 2021.The population data were obtained from the public security department of Yingkou City.The calculation indexes included crude mortality,age-standardized mortality rate by chinese standard population(ASMRC),age-specific mortality,average annual percentage change(AAPC)etc.,and the Joinpoint 4.7.0.0 software was used to conduct the analysis of the mortality trend. Results The mortality of lung cancer among urban residents in Yingkou City was 74.54/100,000,with a ASMRC of 36.51/100,000.The mortality of male lung cancer(96.09/100,000)was higher than that in females(53.77/100,000).The ASMRC of lung cancer among urban residents in Yingkou showed a decreasing trend from 2013 to 2021,with statistical significance(AAPC=-5.01%,t=-4.290,P＜0.05).The mortality of lung cancer showed a significant upward trend with age(AAPC=13.85%,t=13.218,P＜0.05),reaching its peak in the 85+ age group(856.58/100,000). Conclusion The overall mortality of lung cancer among urban residents in Yingkou City showed a downward trend from 2013 to 2021.The mortality of lung cancer significantly increases with age,and it is necessary to focus on the elderly population,strengthen early screening,diagnosis,and treatment,in order to further reduce the mortality of lung cancer and improve the health level of urban residents in Yingkou City.

Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence and mortality in cancer registration areas of colorectal cancer in Yunnan Province from 2012 to 2020,as well as the changing trends from 2012 to 2020,in order to provide a scientific basis for formulating prevention and control strategies for colorectal cancer. Methods The data of colorectal cancer incidence and mortality were collected in cancer registration areas of Yunnan Province from January 1,2012 to December 31,2020.The indicators such as incidence,mortality,age-standardized incidence rate by Chinese standard population(ASIRC),age-standardized mortality rate by Chinese standard population(ASMRC),age-standardized incidence rate by World standard population(ASIRW),age-standardized mortality rate by World standard population(ASMRW)and cumulative rate of colorectal cancer were calculated.The annual percentage change(APC)of ASIRW and ASMRW of colorectal cancer from 2012 to 2020 was calculated. Results In 2020,the incidence of colorectal cancer in cancer registration areas of Yunnan Province was 23.19/100,000(26.74/100,000 in males,19.45/100,000 in females,27.33/100,000 in urban and 21.87/100,000 in rural),and ASIRW was 15.25/100,000(18.40/100,000 in males,12.28/100,000 in females,16.23/100,000 in urban and 14.87/100,000 in rural).In 2020,the mortality of colorectal cancer in cancer registration areas of Yunnan Province was 12.55/100,000(14.30/100,000 in males,10.72/100,000 in females,16.70/100,000 in urban and 11.23/100,000 in rural),and ASMRW was 7.89/100,000(9.57/100,000 in males,6.36/100,000 in females,9.34/100,000 in urban and 7.35/100,000 in rural).The age-specific incidence of colorectal cancer increased rapidly after the age of 30,and reached the peak in the 75~79 age group.The age-specific mortality of colorectal cancer increased rapidly after the age of 40,reaching its peak in the 80~84 age group.From 2012 to 2020,ASIRW and ASMRW of colorectal cancer in cancer registration areas of Yunnan Province showed a downward trend(APC=-1.248%,95% CI:-2.404%-0.079%,P=0.040;APC=-2.890%,95% CI:-4.765-0.977%,P=0.009). Conclusion The ASIRW and ASMRW of colorectal cancer showed a downward trend in the cancer registration areas of Yunnan Province from 2012 to 2020.There were differences in colorectal cancer incidence and mortality by gender,region,and age in Yunnan Province.Therefore,it was still necessary to further targeted monitoring and prevention of colorectal cancer were needed.

Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of malignant tumors in the cancer registration areas of Liaoning Province in 2021. Methods The data of new malignant tumor cases and death cases of registered residents from 20 cancer registries(a total of 45 counties and districts)with the diagnosis date from January 1,2021 to December 31,2021 and meeting quality control standards were selected from the Liaoning Cancer Registration System.The incidence,mortality,age-standardized incidence rate by Chinese standard population(ASIRC),age-standardized mortality rate by Chinese standard population(ASMRC),age-standardized incidence rate by World standard population(ASIRW),age-standardized mortality rate by World standard population(ASMRW)and cumulative rate(0-74 years old)and other indicators were calculated. Results In 2021,the incidence of malignant tumors in cancer registration areas of Liaoning Province was 443.07/100,000,the ASIRC was 217.60/100,000,and ASIRW was 208.39/100,000.The ASIRC in urban areas was 228.27/100,000,higher than that in rural areas(194.82/100,000).The ASIRC in females was 227.56/100,000,higher than that in males(210.41/100,000).The age specific incidence of malignant tumors was on the rise,reaching the peak in the age group of 80-84 years(1,848.69/100,000 in urban males,1,230.70/100,000 in urban females,1,769.39/100,000 in rural males,and 1,052.10/100,000 in rural females).In 2021,the top five cancer types in the incidence of malignant tumors in cancer registration areas of Liaoning Province were lung cancer,female breast cancer,colorectal cancer,thyroid cancer,and liver cancer.In 2021,the mortality of malignant tumors in cancer registration areas in Liaoning Province was 246.64/100,000,with the ASMRC of 99.33/100,000 and ASMRW of 98.72/100,000.The ASMRC in rural areas was 99.97/100,000,slightly higher than that in urban areas(98.93/100,000).The mortality in males was 130.38/100,000,which is higher than that in females(71.83/100,000).The age-specific mortality of malignant tumors was on the rise,with the peak in the 80-84 age group in rural areas(1,888.70/100,000 for males and 1,059.60/100,000 for females).In 2021,the top five cancer types of malignant tumors mortality in cancer registration areas of Liaoning Province were lung cancer,colorectal cancer,liver cancer,stomach cancer,and female breast cancer. Conclusions At present,the burden of malignant tumors in Liaoning Province is relatively serious,and practical prevention and control measures should be taken against the common key cancers such as lung cancer,breast cancer,and colorectal cancer,etc.,including strengthening health education,guiding residents to change unhealthy lifestyles,and expanding the coverage of cancer screening population,to reduce the risk of malignant tumors incidence and mortality in Liaoning Province.

Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the screening results of colorectal cancer among urban residents in Ningbo City from 2019 to 2023,and provide reference for optimizing colorectal cancer screening strategies. Methods From 2019 to 2023,permanent residents aged 45 to 74 in Haishu district,Jiangbei district,Yinzhou district,Beilun district,Zhenhai district,and Fenghua district of Ningbo City were selected as screening subjects.They filled out a cancer risk assessment questionnaire and underwent fecal occult blood testing.Risk assessment was conducted according to the unified standards formulated by the National Urban Cancer Early Diagnosis and Treatment Project Group.High risk subjects underwent colonoscopy examination,and the high-risk rate,colonoscopy compliance rate,and lesion detection rate of colorectal cancer were analyzed. Results From 2019 to 2023,a total of 60,268 individuals were assessed for colorectal cancer risk,with 18,607 identified as high-risk,resulting in a high-risk rate of 30.87%.The high-risk rate for males(54.91%)was higher than that for females(16.24%)(P＜0.05).A total of 4,370 people completed colonoscopy examination,with a compliance rate of 23.49%.The compliance rate of females(24.60%)was higher than that of males(22.95%)(P＜0.05).14 cases of colorectal cancer,161 cases of precancerous lesions,and 695 cases of other benign lesions were detected,with detection rates of 0.32%,3.68%,and 15.90%,respectively.The detection rate of precancerous lesions in males(4.24%)was higher than that in females(2.61%)(P＜0.05).As age increased,the high-risk rate of colorectal cancer,the detection rate of colorectal cancer,the detection rate of precancerous lesions,and the detection rate of other benign lesions showed an upward trend,while the compliance rate of colonoscopy showed a downward trend(P＜0.05). Conclusion Establishing a secondary screening mechanism of "risk assessment-colonoscopy" with a focus on males and the elderly populations,combined with mobile education platforms and green channels for diagnosis and treatment,can improve the screening effectiveness of colorectal cancer.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of LINC00511 on proliferation,apoptosis,and epithelial mesenchymal transition(EMT)of colorectal cancer cells regulating by the miR-150-5p/PHD family finger protein 1(PHF1)axis. Methods The tumor tissues and adjacent tissues were collected from 24 colorectal cancer patients who underwent surgical treatment in our hospital from March 2021 to March 2023.Colorectal cancer SW480 cells were cultured,and randomly separated into the normal control group(Ctrl group),si-NC group,si-LINC00511 group,si-LINC00511+inhibitor NC group,and si-LINC00511+miR-150-5p inhibitor group.RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression of LINC00511,miR-150-5p,and PHF1 mRNA in cancer tissues and adjacent tissues of colorectal cancer patients and SW480 cells.CCK-8 method was used to detect the proliferative ability in SW480 cells.Transwell experiment was used to detect cell invasion and migration abilities.Flow cytometry was applied to detect cell apoptosis.Immunoblotting was used to detect the expression of PHF1,apoptosis,and proteins related to EMT.The dual luciferase reporter gene experiment verified the relationship between LINC00511 and miR-150-5p,or between miR-150-5p and PHF1,respectively. Results Compared with adjacent tissues,the expression of LINC00511 and PHF1 mRNA increased in the tumor tissues of colorectal cancer patients,while the expression of miR-150-5p decreased(P＜0.001).Compared with the si-NC group,the expression of LINC00511,cell proliferation(OD₄₅₀ value),numbers of cell migration and invasion,and the expression of Bcl-2,PHF1,N-cadherin,and vimentin proteins in SW480 cells were significantly reduced in the si-LINC00511 group(P＜0.01),while miR-150-5p,cell apoptosis rate,the expression of Bax and E-cadherin proteins were significantly increased(P＜0.001).Compared with the si-LINC00511+inhibitor NC group,the changes in corresponding indicators of SW480 cells in the si-LINC00511+miR-150-5p inhibitor group were opposite to those mentioned above(P＜0.001).LINC00511 had targeted negative regulation of miR-150-5p expression,while miR-150-5p targeted negative regulation of PHF1 expression. Conclusion Knockdown of LINC00511 may promote the expression of miR-150-5p,thereby inhibiting the expression of PHF1,suppressing colorectal cancer cell proliferation and EMT,and inducing apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the atherogenic index of plasma(AIP)on overall survival(OS),disease-free survival(DFS),and pathological complete response(pCR)rate of breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NACT). Methods This study was a retrospective analysis,including 247 breast cancer patients who received NACT at Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital from May 2014 to July 2023.Clinical data of patients were collected,and baseline AIP based on preoperative blood lipid indicators was calculated.Patients were divided into the low and high AIP groups based on the median baseline AIP,and the differences in clinical data were compared between the two groups.Patients were further stratified according to the treatment regimens and hormone receptor(HR)status,and analyze the differences in pCR rates between different stratifications.Cox regression models were used to analyze the factors influencing OS and DFS,and to compare the differences in OS and DFS curves between the high-and low-AIP groups.Restricted cubic spline(RCS)models were further constructed to evaluate the potential nonlinear impact of baseline AIP and survival prognosis. Results A total of 247 patients were enrolled,including 123 in the high AIP(＞-0.044)group and 124 in the low AIP(≤-0.044) group.Compared with the low AIP group,patients in the high AIP group had significantly higher BMI and breast-conserving surgery rates(P＜0.05),while there were no significant differences in other baseline characteristics(P＞0.05).Multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed that AIP and p53 status were independent prognostic factors for patient OS(P＜0.05),while AIP,tumor TNM stage,and p53 status were independent influencing factors of patient DFS(P＜0.05).Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the OS and DFS of patients in the low AIP group were significantly better than those in the high AIP group(P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in pCR rates between the low AIP group and the high AIP group(P=0.537).There was no statistically significant difference in pCR rates between the low and high AIP groups in each treatment subgroup,HR-positive subgroup,and HR-negative subgroup(P＞0.05).The RCS model analysis showed a significant positive linear correlation between AIP and OS(P_linearity=0.005,P_nonlinearity=0.188),while no significant linear or nonlinear relationship was observed between AIP and DFS(P_linearity=0.063,P_nonlinearity=0.135). Conclusion There is a significant positive linear correlation between baseline AIP and OS;No significant linear or nonlinear relationship was found between AIP and DFS.Elevated AIP indicates poor survival outcomes.The baseline AIP can be used as a potential prognostic indicator for breast cancer patients undergoing NACT.

Objective The aim of this study was to explore the evaluation values of dynamic contrast-enhanced and diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI)of three-dimensional volume interpolated body examination(3D VIBE)for pathological stages of endometrial carcinoma(EC). Methods A total of 224 patients with EC admitted to Haimen District People′s Hospital in Nantong city from January 2021 to January 2024 were selected for 3D VIBE dynamic enhanced scanning and DWI scanning.The consistency between the results of 3D VIBE dynamic enhanced scanning and pathological staging was analyzed,and the differences in the apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)and relative apparent diffusion coefficient(rADC)value among EC patients with different pathological stages were compared.The evaluation values of ADC and rADC for the pathological stages of EC were analyzed. Results Among 224 patients with EC,122(54.46%)were in the stage ⅠA,39(17.41%)were in the stage ⅠB,27(12.05%)were in the stage Ⅱ,25(11.16%)were in the stage ⅢA,and 11(4.91%)were in the stage ⅢB.The sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of 3D VIBE dynamic enhanced evaluation for stages ⅠA,ⅠB,Ⅱ,ⅢA and ⅢB were 92.62%,87.18%,85.19%,80.00%,and 81.82%,respectively,for the sensitivities,96.08%,93.51%,97.96%,98.49%,and 99.06%,respectively,for specificities,94.20%,92.41%,96.42%,96.42%,and 98.21%,respectively,for accuracies.The 3D VIBE dynamic enhancement demonstranted substantial agreement with the pathological staging of endometrial cancer(Kappa=0.829,P＜0.05).There was a statistical difference in ADC and rADC among patients with different pathological stages of EC(P＜0.05).ADC and rADC in EC patients with stages IB,Ⅱ,ⅢA and ⅢB were lower than those in EC patients with stage ⅠA(P＜0.05).ADC and rADC were lower in the stage Ⅱ,ⅢA,and ⅢB EC patients than those in the stage ⅠB,and ADC and rADC were lower in the stage ⅢB EC patients than those in the stage Ⅱ(P＜0.05).The ROC curve analysis results revealed that the AUCs of ADC and rADC in the diagnosing pathological stages(ⅠA vs. ⅠB-ⅢB、ⅠA-ⅠB vs. Ⅱ-ⅢB、ⅠA-Ⅱ vs. ⅢA-ⅢB、ⅠA-ⅢA vs. ⅢB) of EC were 0.878,0.935,0.942,0.974 and 0.935,0.962,0.954,0.955,respectively(P＜0.05). Conclusion Both 3D VIBE dynamic enhancement and DWI have good clinical application value in evaluating the pathological stages of EC,and can provide a reference for the development of diagnosis and treatment plans for EC.

Gastric cancer,as a malignant tumor with a relatively high incidence rate worldwide,faces many challenges in its treatment.Traditional surgical treatment,chemotherapy and radiotherapy can to some extent improve the survival rate and quality of life of patients with gastric cancer,but their overall efficacy is still limited and they are often accompanied by significant side effects.In recent years,hydrogen sulfide(H₂S),as an important biogas,has shown its unique role in various biological processes,especially gradually attracting attention in the development and treatment of tumors.Studies have shown that hydrogen sulfide not only has the potential to fight tumors,but also can affect the growth,proliferation and apoptosis of tumor cells through multiple mechanisms.In addition,the combined use of hydrogen sulfide with existing treatment methods may provide a more effective treatment strategy for patients with gastric cancer.This article aims to review the potential role of hydrogen sulfide in the treatment of gastric cancer,focusing on the latest research progress in its anti-tumor mechanism,combination with traditional treatment methods,and safety.It is hoped that this will provide new ideas and directions for the future treatment of gastric cancer,promote the in-depth development of related research,and improve the prognosis and quality of life of patients with gastric cancer.

GATA binding proteins are a family of transcription factors that play crucial roles in normal human growth and development.GATA4,one of the members of the GATA family,has received increasing attention due to its ability to regulate the biological activities of various types of tumor cells.This article provides an overview of the biological mechanisms of GATA4 expression in different types of tumors and the effects of methylation modifications on GATA4 expression.It further explores the interactions between GATA4 and other signaling pathways,as well as its impact on the tumor microenvironment,demonstrating its enormous potential as tumor biomarker and therapeutic target.The aim is to provide a reference for further research of GATA4′s mechanism of action and epigenetic regulation in the tumor development,to lay a theoretical foundation for exploring the potential application of GATA4 as a tumor diagnostic biomarker or targeted therapy strategy.

Ovarian cancer has the highest mortality among all gynecological tumors.Currently,platinum and taxanes based chemotherapy drugs are mainly used for ovarian cancer.Paclitaxel is a taxane drug,one of the most widely used chemotherapy drugs,and also a first-line chemotherapeutic drug for treating ovarian cancer.Despite its widespread use in the treatment of ovarian cancer,paclitaxel′s clinical has efficacy is hindered by the development of resistance.This article mainly discusses the mechanism and treatment strategies of paclitaxel resistance in ovarian cancer,including combination therapy,exploration of new targets,and the combination of novel carriers,providing a basis for solving the problem of paclitaxel resistance in the treatment of ovarian cancer.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)is a relatively common malignant tumor,which is often diagnosed in the local late stage due to its insidious location,high risk of recurrence and metastasis,and poor prognosis.At present,both domestically and internationally guidelines recommend that patients with locally advanced HNSCC who are eligible for surgical treatment.High-risk patients after surgery should further undergo adjuvant radiotherapy or concurrent chemoradiotherapy.However,patients generally have low compliance with the recommended treatment guidelines and there is no significant improvement in prognosis.Therefore,in clinical practice,some patients may receive adjuvant chemotherapy after radical treatment.This review is based on evidence-based medicine and systematically analyzes three core controversies of adjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced HNSCC:identification of high-risk populations,optimization of treatment plans,and special population management.By reviewing existing research,it aims to provide evidence-based evidence for clinical decision-making and treatment plans,and explore future research directions.

Glioblastoma(GBM)is the most common intracranial malignant tumor,characterized by high malignancy,high recurrence rate,and poor prognosis.Currently,there is still a lack of unified treatment plan for recurrent GBM.After receiving standard treatment including maximum safe resection,postoperative concurrent radio-chemotherapy,and temozolomide adjuvant chemotherapy,the median survival time of GBM patients was only 14.6 months.Recent studies have shown that tumor treating fields(TTFields),as a novel physical therapeutic approach,can significantly prolong patient survival and improve quality of life.This article systematically elaborates on the antitumor mechanism of TTFields in GBM,with a focus on analyzing its synergistic effects with radiotherapy,chemotherapy,targeted therapy,and immunotherapy,and exploring the challenges and development prospects of clinical application.

Cell division cycle 5 like(CDC5L)is a nuclear protein encoded by the CDC5L gene,which exhibits cell cycle-dependent expression and plays a critical role throughout the cell cycle process.The expression and degradation of CDC5L in the cell cycle process are strictly regulated.Its expression disorder can cause the cell cycle to run out of control,interfere with the mitosis of cells,and then cause the instability of cell chromosomes,which ultimately promotes the occurrence of tumors.This review focuses on the structure and function of CDC5L,summarizing the mechanisms of the CDC5L gene in tumorigenesis and its relationship with prognosis.