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	JOPC 2008 Vol.10 Number 3
	2008, Vol.10 Num.3
	Online: 2008-06-01

	News PALAEOGEOGRAPHY AND MINERAL RESOURCES LITHOFACIES PALAEOGEOGRAPHY AND SEDIMENTOLOGY TECTONOPALAEOGEOGRAPHY AND PALAEOTECTONICS STRATIGRAPHY GEOCHEMISTRY AND SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENT PALAEOBIOGEOGRAPHY AND PALAEOECOLOGY RESOURCES EXPLORATION AND ENVIRONMENTS PROTECTION

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		2008 Vol. 10 (3): 0-0 [Abstract] ( 1242 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 771KB] ( 519 )

PALAEOGEOGRAPHY AND MINERAL RESOURCES

	221	Liu Luofu, Li Yan, Wang Ping, Chen Zhijun, Wang Weibin, Pang Xiongqi, Jiang Zhenxue, Xiang Caifu, Yang Haijun, Han Jianfa

		Reservoir types and favorable oil-gas exploration zone prediction of the Upper Ordovician Lianglitage Formation in Tazhong No.1 fault belt of Tarim Basin
		The Upper Ordovician Lianglitage Formation is one of the typical carbonate reservoirs in China and has a considerable exploration potential. Therefore， further studies of the types and distribution of this reservoir have a great significance in guiding the next step of exploration in the Tazhong area. Based on the analyses of core data and the relationship between porosity and permeability，the carbonate reservoir of the Lianglitage Formation in the Upper Ordovician in Tazhong No.1 fault belt has been studied and is divided into three types:pore type，fissure type and fissure-pore type. According to the reservoir types of individual wells in different formations，combined with the controlling factors of the reservoirs，including sedimentary facies，fracture and so on，the distribution of individual type reservoir is determined for the three different formations. The fissure-type reservoir is widely distributed. The pore types distribution is narrow in this area. The fissure pore type which is the most favorable type for petroleum accumulation was mainly developed in the Member 2 of the Lianglitage Formation. Finally，The Tazhong well 82 and Tazhong well 24 areas are predicted to be the favorable exploration zones for the Upper Ordovician in Tazhong No.1 fault belt.
		2008 Vol. 10 (3): 221-230 [Abstract] ( 1980 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 3263KB] ( 643 )

	231	Zhang Shujuan, Luo Yongsheng, Liu Dating

		Sedimentary microfacies of the Paleogene Dongying Formation in Liuchu Oilfield in Raoyang Sag of Central Hebei Depression and its development significance
		The Liuchu Oilfield is a complicated block oil pool，which is located at the Shanwang faulted nose structure in the Liuchu structural belt of central southern Raoyang Sag，Central Hebei Depression. Currently the oilfield produces a fairly high water-cut. The main facies indicators of the fluvial sandbodies have been established based on the comprehensive analyses of core description，correlation and division of stratigraphic intervals，individual sandbody microfacies and log facies description. The results indicate that during the deposition of Member 2 and Member 3 of Dongying Formation，the Liuchu area was dominated by the low-sinuosity braided fluvial facies. The main petroliferous sandbodies can be divided into fluvial channel，fluvial bank and flood plain subfacies which are further subdivided into channel-bed lag, point bar，natural levee, crevasse splay，overbank and flood plain microfacies. The following characteristics for the sandbodies of different microfacies were also discussed. The adjustment of jection-production relationship of petroleum reservoir can be made according to the internal heterogeneity of the sandbodies of different microfacies. It is also a reliable geologic foundation for petroleum field exploitation.
		2008 Vol. 10 (3): 231-239 [Abstract] ( 2238 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 2712KB] ( 594 )

LITHOFACIES PALAEOGEOGRAPHY AND SEDIMENTOLOGY

	241	Wu Lingang, Zhu Xiaomin, Fan Leyuan, Zhong Dakang

		Quantitative studies on depositional systems of the Shahejie Formation in Beidagang structural belt，Huanghua Depression
		Quantitative studies on depositional systems and material provenances have been made，and the sedimentary facies types including the nearshore subaqueous fan，lake beach bar，deep water gravity flow channel，fan delta front and sliding turbidity fan were developed during the deposition of the Shahejie Formation in the Beidagang structural belt in the Huanghua Depression，based on the analyses of core，well logs and seismic data by the guidance of Crosss theory of high resolution sequence stratigraphy. Nearshore subaqueous fan-fan delta-turbidity fan depositional systems were developed during the deposition of the middle term base level cycles A-D. Some nearshore subaqueous fan and lake beach-bar sandbodies which are favorable for petroleum accumulation were developed during the deposition of the middle term base level cycles E-F. Gravity flow channel and nearshore subaqueous fan were developed during the deposition of the middle term base level cycle G. Only gravity flow channel-channel side was developed during the deposition of the middle term base level cycle H. The favorable depositional systems and developing areas for lithologic traps have been predicted.
		2008 Vol. 10 (3): 241-250 [Abstract] ( 1741 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 2846KB] ( 560 )

	251	Yang Binhu, Bai Haiqiang, Dai Yaquan, Zha Li, Li Jian, Jin Wenqi, Liu Xinju

		Provenance and depositional systems during the depositional period of interval 8 of Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in Qingyang area，Ordos Basin
		Based on the field outcrop palaeo-current measurements and studies of the sandstone framework mineralogy and heavy mineral assemblages, we utilized clastic rock geochemical methods to define the provenance during the deposition of interval 8 of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in Qingyang area，Ordos Basin. The results show that the palaeo-current in the study area was mainly SW-NE and NW-SE and SE-NW currents were of secondaryimportance. Distribution of heavy minerals is also characterized by obvious zoning patterns. The REE matching pattern of the interval 8 is a “right-declined” type. The average value of δEu is 0.67. The variation characteristics of trace elements are largely consistent with those shown by the Longshan Group of the Longxi Palaeo-land in the southwestern margin of the basin. According to the sandstone clastic components especially the lithic components and heavy mineral characteristics，the source rocks of interval 8 in Qingyang area were mainly derived from the Meso-Proterozoic to Paleozoic of the Longxi Palaeo-land, the granitoids along the Qilian Orogenic Belt and the Ordovician-Permian along the Qinling Orogenic Belt. The detrital source rocks are dominated by metamorphic and igneous rocks. According to the current drilling results combined with the field outcrops，it is proved that the interval 8 of Yanchang Formation was dominated by the fan delta depositional system with fan deltaic front and(semi)deep lacustrine turbidite fan subfacies being developed. The subaqueous distributary channel sandbodies of the delta front constitute the favorable facies belt for petroleum accumulation.
		2008 Vol. 10 (3): 251-259 [Abstract] ( 2115 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 2976KB] ( 541 )

	261	Lu Ying, Sun Ziming

		Sedimentary facies of the Upper Cretaceous Taizhou Formation in Dongbu Sag of Subei Basin
		The Subei Basin is a half-graben which was developed in Late Cretaceous. The Upper Cretaceous Taizhou Formation(K₂t)is dominated by a set of clastic rocks which were deposited in the early stage of the sag evolution and constituted an upward fining sedimentary cycle. Based on the comprehensive analyses of the logging and core data of 52 wells，three facies types including braided fluvial delta，meandering fluvial delta and lacustrine facies were identified in the Taizhou Formation，which can be sub-divided into 7 types of sedimentary subfacies and 12 types of sedimentary microfacies. During the early-middle depositional period of the Member 1 of Taizhou Formation，braided fluvial delta was mainly developed.During the late period，the depositional environment was dominated by the（meandering fluvial）delta. During the early depositional period of the Member 2 of Taizhou Formation，semi-deep-deep lacustrine facies was developed and shallow lacustrine was developed during the middle-late period.With the lake level rising and falling，it was characterized by an obvious multi-cycle.The Member 1 of Taizhou Formation was characterized by an obvious retrograding delta.On the basis of the analyses of the planar distribution and evolution of sedimentary facies of the Member 1 of Taizhou Formation，it is concluded that sandbodies are developed along the Liangduo-Anfeng-Libu area，which is the favorable area for the development of petroleum reservoir.
		2008 Vol. 10 (3): 261-270 [Abstract] ( 1696 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 3132KB] ( 500 )

	271	Shen Nan, Zhu Aiguo, Gao Xianzhi

		Sedimentary characteristics of the Lower Jurassic in Cainan area in Junggar Basin
		Based on the detailed core description，combined with the correlation analyses of a great deal of exploitation wells，we analyzed the microfacies and distribution characteristics of the skeletal sandbodies of the upper part of Jurassic Badaowan Formation and the lower part of overlying Sangonghe Formation in the Cainan area in eastern Junggar Basin. The results indicate that the Member 3 of the Badaowan Formation and the Member 1 of the Sangonghe Formation in Cainan area were dominated by an anastomosed fluvial facies. Three types of sedimentary subfacies(channel，levee and flood plain)and six types of microfacies were identified in this area. The main reservoir sandbodies are channel sandbodies and crevasse splay sandbodies. The channel sandbodies occur as narrow elongated bodies which are connected with each other，with the width of less than 1000m，ranging from 300m to 800 m. The crevasse splay sandbodies are smaller in scale and occur as a lenticular shape in the section.
		2008 Vol. 10 (3): 271-276 [Abstract] ( 2208 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 2109KB] ( 679 )

TECTONOPALAEOGEOGRAPHY AND PALAEOTECTONICS

	277	Lu Zhiyong

		Influence of the Paleogene structural styles on deposition and reservoir in Chezhen Sag，Bohai Bay Basin
		Recently，studies of the controlling influence of tectonics on deposition become one of the hot topics pursued in the international geological and hydrocarbon exploration research area. However，researches of tectonic controlling on the reservoir are relatively scarce. Based on the analyses of tectonics，sedimentology and reservoir in the Chezhen Sag，the depositional filling and reservoir development characteristics of different structural styles were discussed. Firstly，structural styles have important influence on the depositional filling types and characteristics. In the area where plane faults were developed，only the nearshore subaqueous fans and a few sliding turbidite fans were deposited. The sublacustirne fans were widely developed at the toe part of the listric faults，while some nearshore subaqueous fans were developed in the vicinity of the toe part of the boundary fault. In the area where slope-flat style faults and faulted ladder were developed and controlled by the secondary faults，onshore and subaqueous deposits were usually developed together with facies such as alluvial fan，fan delta，nearshore subaqueous fan and sublacustrine fan. Secondly，the structural styles play an important role in influencing the vertical accumulation pattern，the scale and architecture of sandstone conglomerates which leads to the final control on the reservoir quality. Integrated studies show that the areas with the development of slope-flat style and faulted ladder style faults host various sedimentary facies and are the most favorable areas for reservoir development. The areas with the development of the listric style faults host thinly bedded sandstone conglomerate of sublacustrine fan facies and are the secondary favorable ones. The areas with the development of the plane style faults host a narrow sandstone conglomerate distribution belt and a thick individual layers which contain the poorest quality of reservoir. The study provides the prediction for high quality reservoir developing areas within the lowly to moderately explored rifted basins.
		2008 Vol. 10 (3): 277-285 [Abstract] ( 3197 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 2911KB] ( 633 )

STRATIGRAPHY

	287	Xu Daoyi, Yao Yimin, Han Yanben, Yin Zhiqiang, Zhang Haifeng

		Astrostratigraphic research on the Neogene Minghuazhen Formation in Dongying Sag，Shandong Province
		The Minghuazhen Formation(in a narrow sense)in the Dongying Sag is correlated to the upper part of Minghuazhen Formation(in a broad sense)in the Bohai Bay area. The logging data of 5 wells from the Minghuazhen Formation in the Dongying Sag have been selected for this astrostratigraphic study. The age of the top boundary of Minghuazhen Formation in Dongxin Well 2-4,which is located in Dongxin area, is 2.588 Ma BP. It is taken as the age of the top boundary of Minghuazhen Formation of the above-mentioned 5 wells. Based on the results of spectral analyses，digital filter and wavelet analysis，the accumulation rates and duration time of various members of the Minghuazhen Formation have been calculated. The results indicate that the average age of bottom boundary of the Minghuazhen Formation is 10.794 Ma BP，and the average age of bottom boundary of the upper part of Minghuazhen Formation(Member 3)is 5.121 Ma BP. Therefore，the lower member of Minghuazhen Formation(Mingxia Member)corresponds to the Late Miocene of International Stratigraphic Chart(2004)or the Baodean Stage of China Regional Stratigraphic Chart(2002). The Mingshang Member corresponds to the Gaozhuangian and Mazegouian Stages.During 11-5 Ma BP，there were several sudden environmental changes. A rather strong change happened at about 10.873 Ma BP，a weak one at about 8.9 Ma BP，one stronger than the previous at about 7 Ma BP，and the last quite strong change happened at about 5.11 Ma BP. According to the research results derived from astrostratigraphy，astronomical periods and tectono-climatic cycles，a duration time 2Ma of sudden change may have occurred，which is consistent with some of the regional or global stratigraphic boundaries.
		2008 Vol. 10 (3): 287-296 [Abstract] ( 2250 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 2787KB] ( 610 )

GEOCHEMISTRY AND SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENT

	297	Luo Zhong, Shao Longyi, Yao Guanghua, Deng Guangming, Wang Hao, Han Jun

		Mudstones in the Upper Permian coal-bearing series in eastern Yunnan and western Guizhou： Clay minerals composition and their environmental significance
		The Upper Permian coal-bearing series in eastern Yunnan and western Guizhou，China，were formed in a continental to a marine-nonmarine transitional setting，which are also reflected in the clay minerals of the mudstones. The clay minerals in these mudstones are predominantly kaolinite and illite/smectite mixed-layer followed by illite and minor amount of chlorite and smectite. Kaolinite concentrates in the middle-lower part of the sections(the middle and lower members of Xuanwei Formation and the whole Longtan Formation) both in the Housuo Coal Mine of Fuyuan，eastern Yunnan，and the Panguan Coal Mine of Panxian，western Guizhou. Illite has a higher proportion both in the upper part(Changxing Formation)and the lower part(lower member of Longtan Formation),and a lower proportion in the middle part(upper member of Longtan Formation)of the sections in Zhijin Coal Mine areas of western Guizhou. Illite/smectite is the dominant clay mineral in the mudstones of the three sections in Housuo，Panguan and Nayong Coal Mine areas，and has a high proportion in the middle part of the section, showing a negative correlation with the illite in the Zhijin Coal Mine area. Smectite is of little abundance，and presents only in the upper and lower parts of the two sections at the Panguan and Zhijin Coal Mine areas. These stratigraphic distributions of the clay minerals are believed to be the response of the palaeogeographic evolution，that is, the transgression during the Early Longtan stage and regression during the Late Longtan stage，and a new more extensive transgression during the Changxing stage. From west to east，i.e. from the alluvial fluvial system in eastern Yunnan，across the upper delta plain in Panguan Coal Mine and the upper and lower delta plain transitional zone in Nayong Coal Mine，to the lower delta plain and tidal plain in Zhijin Coal Mine，the kaolinite abundance significantly decreases，while illite abundance gradually increases.
		2008 Vol. 10 (3): 297-304 [Abstract] ( 2174 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 2190KB] ( 744 )

PALAEOBIOGEOGRAPHY AND PALAEOECOLOGY

	305	Qi Yongan, Hu Bin, Zhang Guocheng, Gong Yiming,

		Outline of the Ninth International Ichnofabric Workshop
		The Ninth International Ichnofabric Workshop was held at University of Calgary，Calgary，Canada on Aug. 13-18，2007. More than 40 ichnologists from 15 countries attended this workshop. The application of some new thoughts and methods has greatly widened the studying fields of ichnology. The ichnofabric analysis has been widely used in many fields of stratigraphy and sedimentology from its inception in 1983 to the present day. The ichnology has gotten a rapid development with the exploration and exploitation of oil and gas. Analyses of marine and continental ichnofabric and their application to the evaluation of petroleum reservoirs and high resolution sequence stratigraphy are also the main subject of ichnology. CT imaging and 3D simulation techniques for ichnofabrics can greatly promote the exploration and development of petroleum reservoirs and ground-water aquifers.
		2008 Vol. 10 (3): 305-311 [Abstract] ( 1909 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 3150KB] ( 494 )

	313	Liu Chunlian, Franz T Fürsich, Dong Yixin, Che Xiaoguang, Chen Liang, Zhuang Chang

		High resolution ostracod records of borehole PRD05 and the Late Quaternary palaeoenvironment in Pearl River Delta
		A high resolution study has been carried out on the sediments and ostracod faunas of borehole PRD05 drilled near the Xijiang inlet in the Pearl River Delta area. The analytical results suggest that the interplay between sea level fluctuations and river processes led to the environmental changes in the study area during the Late Quaternary. A fluvial environment began to develop before 26600\{a BP\}. Coarse-grained sediments at the bottom of the core indicate a very high energy condition. The reduction of grain size upwards implies a decrease of energy and fluvial overbank was developed. Between 26600 and 13400\{a BP\}，the environment was characterized by a flood plain. The upper part of the fluvial sediments experienced weathering and erosion during the last maximum glacial episode and was changed to the variegated clay. The postglacial transgression occurred around 13400\{a BP\}. In the first phase of transgression，a marsh environment dominated in the study area. At around 9000\{a BP\}，the rate of sea level rise rapidly increased and an estuary environment with marine-brackish ostracod faunas continuously existed until 4850\{a BP\}. Three second-order sea level fluctuations can be recognized based on the composition and abundance of ostracods. The maximum transgression occurred between 7500 and 7140\{a BP\}，evidenced by the highest diversity and abundance of ostracods in the borehole. Since 4850\{a BP\}，a regressive trend was recorded in the borehole. The environment gradually changed into a deltaic plain with the increased influence of river processes.
		2008 Vol. 10 (3): 313-322 [Abstract] ( 2177 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 2986KB] ( 761 )

RESOURCES EXPLORATION AND ENVIRONMENTS PROTECTION

	323	Jiang Huaiyou, Shen Pingping, Song Xinmin, Hu Yongle, Li Zhiping, Guo Ping

		Global warming and current status and prospect of CO₂ underground storage
		Global warming caused by massive emission of carbon dioxide(CO₂)gas is becoming more and more serious. In the 21st century，people pay more attention to environment protection. The aim for controlling the global temperature increase is that the temperature should not be increased by more than 2 ℃，comparing to the temperature prior to the industry revolution. Thus the active and effective measures should be taken to solve these problems. CO₂ underground storage，which will be valid for hundreds or thousands of years，is an effective way of avoiding climate change. It is also the way which has the least effect on environment，costs the least and accords with the international regulations. The main places for CO₂ storage are exhausted oil reservoirs，deep salt water reservoir，undeveloped coal seams and deep sea. CO₂ underground storage，which is the answer for challenge raising from energy demand increase and CO₂ emission augment，will surely provide references both in theory and in practice for the efficient global resource and environment development and for the sustainable development in the world.
		2008 Vol. 10 (3): 323-328 [Abstract] ( 1554 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1720KB] ( 779 )