Sequence stratigraphy is a newly developed methodological subject over last two decades and it has obtained significant application in coal accumulation analysis. This paper discussed the brief history of sedimentological research， coal sequence stratigraphy research methods and related aspects of the paralic coal measures. Paralic setting is characterized by the vast flat topography and the frequent marine transgression， which is favorable for the  multistaged coal accumulations. In this setting，  coal accumulation mainly occurs in the process of sea level(base level)rise and the coal seam thickness is controlled by the peat accumulation rate in balance with the rate of accommodation creation. On the landward of the paralic setting which is represented by alluvial plain and delta plain environments， thick seams tend to be formed at late transgressive systems tract or early highstand systems tract around the maximum flooding surface. In contrast， on the seaward of the paralic setting which is represented by the barrier-lagoon or carbonate platform sedimentary environments， the thick seams tend to occur at the early transgressive systems tract around the transgressive surface(initial flooding surface)or the late highstand systems tract. In a thirdorder composite sequence， the thickest and most widely distributed coal seams are mainly distributed near the maximum flooding surface. It is proposed that the coal in the “seat earthcoalmarine limestone” successions was formed during the “lag time” of marine limestone deposits-prior to the real deposition of carbonates after transgression. During this “lag time”， the development of balanced accommodation creation rates and peat accumulation rates might favor the accumulation of thick coals.

Due to the low maturity of exploration and study of the Wuqing Sag in Jizhong Depression of Huabei Oilfield Company， no important exploration breakthroughs  have been obtained for years. This study focuses on the lithofacies palaeogeography setting， organic geochemistry characters， depositional characters， petroleum reservoir forming conditions， tectonic features and resource assessment and investigates the great exploration potential for shallow biogas in the Wuqing Sag based on the gas production from the Neogene Guantao Formation in Well Wu 2. The Neogene in the Wuqing Sag is dominated by shore shallow lacustrine and fluvial deposits with great thickness and dark color mudstones were widely developed which provided favorable conditions for formation of shallow biogas. The natural gas was mainly generated in the Neogene with good organic geochemistry indexes and great biogas resource potential calculated by basin simulation. The total gas production quantity is 856×108m3 and the gas resource quantity is (150～200)×10.8m3. The channel sandbody constitutes the favorable reservoirs of the Neogene Guantao Formation. It is easy for the biogas formation and preservation due to the quick subsidence， great thickness and deep burial of the Neogene. Biogas accumulated in the slumping anticlines which were induced by the tectonic inversion in the later period.

Through core observations and single well sedimentary facies analysis， combined with the sedimentary setting， it is concluded that braided fluvial delta and lacustrine facies were developed during the deposition of the upper submember of the Member 3 of Paleogene Shahejie Formation in Liuxi area， and mainly the braided fluvial delta front and shoreshallow lacustrine subfacies were developed. The microfacies mainly include braided fluvial distributary channel， overbank deposit， subaqueous distributary channel， mouth bar and sheetlike sandbody. Based on the principles of sequence stratigraphy and the previous researches， the upper submember of the Member 3 of the Shahejie Formation in the study area is a complete thirdorder sequence which can be divided into lowstand systems tract， transgressive systems tract and highstand systems tract respectively corresponding to the early， the middle and the late depositional periods of the upper submember. The sedimentary facies maps of each period were compiled and the distribution characters of the sedimentary systems were investigated. The high in north and low in  south  topography in the depositional period of the upper submember matched well with the eastwest trending sandbodies of the braided fluvial delta. The sands, combined with favorable hydrocarbon sources， thus can create profitable conditions for hydrocarbon accumulation in the late period. The main reservoirs include the subaqueous distributary channel and mouth bar sandbodies of the braided fluvial delta developed during the early depositional period of the upper submember of the Member 3 of the  Shahejie Formation which form a very profitable source rockreservoircap rock assemblage together with the source rocks developed in the middle depositional period， and are favorable for the formation of subtle hydrocarbon accumulations. Four types of patterns for subtle hydrocarbon accumulations development were established. The analyses indicate that the braided fluvial delta front sandbodies  developed during the early depositional period of the upper submember of the Member 3 of Shahejie Formation are the favorable targets for further exploration of subtle hydrocarbon accumulations.

The Mesoproterozoic Jixianian  is widely distributed and its complete section was developed in western Henan Province，one of the best areas in the North China Platform where the stratum of the Mesoproterozoic Jixianian  is distributed. Based on all kinds of qualitative and quantitative data of the features and associations of sedimentary rocks and sedimentary structures of 121 outcrops，the maps of single factors and sedimentary facies of the Early, Middle and Late  Jixianian of Mesoproterozoic in western Henan Province have been compiled, using the single factor analysis and multifactor comprehensive mapping method proposed by professor Feng Zengzhao. It is the first time to apply this quantitative method in western Henan ProvinceIn the Early Jixianian,  western Henan Province was characterized by the deposition of beach facies and neritic facies， and in Lushi—Luanchuan areas barrier beach facies was dominantThe facies of the Middle Jixianian were  similar to those of the Early Jixianian， but the Lushi—Luanchuan area was characterized by a restricted  carbonate platform.  The pattern of facies of the Late Jixianian had changed. Songshan—Jishan area changed from an old land to a branching bay. Queshan area received deposition of barrier beach facies. There was no significant change in Lushi—Luanchuan area where restricted carbonate platform was developed. In  other areas, beach facies and neritic facies were deposited. The transgression continued from the Early Jixianian to the Middle Jixianian.

Sedimentary characteristics and the planar distribution of sedimentary facies of four intervals of the Tenggeer Formation were investigated based on  core observation， well logging data and regional information in Daerqi area. The researches show that during the deposition of the Tenggeer Formation， braidedfluvial delta， lacustrine and turbidite facies were deposited in Daerqi area. From the margin to the center of the sag， the sedimentary environments gradually changed from braidedfluvial delta， shoreshallow lacustrine to semideep and deep lacustrine settings. During the deposition of the Tenggeer Formation， transgression occurred in Daerqi area. Vertically， braidedfluvial delta and lacustrine deposits were prograded. Turbidite facies was deposited near Well Da 17 in interval Ⅵ of the Tenggeer Formation. Based on the analyses of thin sections and heavy mineral data， the clastic components were observed and the relative content were calculated. The heavy mineral coefficients of stability and changing patterns of the ZTR index were analyzed. The results indicated that the provenance of Daerqi area was from the Saihuduge uplift and was characterized by a shortdistance transportation and quick accumulation. The compositional maturities were different at different depths of the same well. It is concluded that the sediments were deposited multicyclically and spasmodically. Based on the types of clastics and heavy mineral associations， the parent rocks of Daerqi area are of  three types: intermediate and basic magmatic rocks， sedimentary rocks and metamorphic rocks.

The Qiangtang Basin in Tibet is a largescaled multisuperimposed sedimentary basin. Based on the plentiful data of regional geology and field outcrop observations， detailed researches have been carried out on  the characteristics of different tectonic units of the Mesozoic in the Qiangtang Basin， such as sedimentary filling sequences， stratigraphic development and contacting relationship， properties of structural boundaries， sedimentary systems and facies distribution et al. The coupling relationship between  basin deposition and evolution of adjacent orogenic belts was investigated， and the tectonopalaeogeography in different periods of the Mesozoic were reconstructed in the study area. The researches show that the Mesozoic in the eastern Qiangtang Basin comprised of three sedimentary system sets， nine sedimentary systems and numerous sedimentary(subfacies)facies respectively belonging to marine facies, transitional facies from marine to continental facies and continental facies. There are many tectonic units， for example， North Qiangtang Depression， South Qiangtang Depression， Tanggula Mountains uplifting belt， and some subsalients， faulted sags and uplifts in different stages of the Mesozoic  in the eastern Qiangtang Basin. The Duoma Faulted Sag  is an epicontinental margin basin，located on the passive continental margin， which has a basement of the Precarboniferous tectonic schists， and was superimposed by the Jurassic Early Cretaceous sedimentationLater， during the Early Cretaceous， it transformed into a foreland basin， and since the Late Cretaceous， it has been connected with the SuoxianZuogong Faulted Sag. Totally， during the intracontinental orogenic processes， it experienced multiple compressiondepression evolution of sedimentary filling. The SuoxianZuogong Faulted Sag  is a foreland basin developed during the Late Triassic  based on the trougharcoceanic system. The North Qiangtang Depression was developed based on the Varician KaixinlingZaduo uplift， and followed by the Late Triassic Changdu foreland basin，as well as the Early Jurassic North Qiangtang Faulted Sag volcanicsedimentary basin. During the Middle Jurassic，the North Qiangtang and SuoxianZuogong depressions were combined as a multidepressional basin， and a huge Qiangtang Changdu Depression was formed. The North Qiangtang land block and Changdu land block were uplifted and experienced uplifting and exposure during the Cretaceous.

As an important part of continental rift lacustrine basin， the structural zones of the basin margin which are usually located close to the hydrocarbongenerating center， are important petroliferous belts in the continental rift lacustrine basin. In the Bohai Sea area， the structural styles of the Paleogene lacustrine basin margin can be divided into two types: extensional lacustrine basin margin and strike slipping lacustrine basin margin  and the former one  is further subdivided into the steep slope faulted  lacustrine basin margin， the gentle slope faulted lacustrine basin margin， the simple gentle slope lacustrine basin margin and the axial slope lacustrine basin margin. The extensional lacustrine basin margin is widely distributed in the large sags of the study area， while the strike slipping one is developed in the eastern area of the basin and is mainly controlled by the TanchengLujiang faulted belt. Due to the differences of the structural movements， the structural evolution of different lacustrine basin margins， the palaeogeomorphology，  the accommodation variation and the sedimentary base level changes are different. As a result， different lacustrine basin margins with different structural styles have different sedimentary sequence filling models. The analyses of the control of lacustrine basin margin structural styles on sequence filling are very important for reservoir delineation and prediction of lithologic traps.

Through studies and correlation of the 3 boreholes(Shunyi Gaoliying GZK1 borehole， Changping Machikou CHZK1 borehole and Daxing DZK1 borehole)in Beijing plain area， this paper analyzed the climate and vegetation change of this area since the Middle Pleistocene and the process was divided into 8  stages. During the first stage， the climate was cold and dry; during the second stage， the climate was warm and moist; during the third stage， the climate was cool and wet; during the forth stage， the climate was warm and dry; during the fifth stage， the climate was cold and dry; during the sixth stage， the climate was warm and damp in early time and cool and dry in late time; during the seventh stage， the climate was cold and dry; during the eighth stage， the climate was warm and wet.

The Turpan Basin is an intermountain basin in the Tianshan Mountains. A good preservation of the Paleogene in this basin provides abundant information for studying of the Paleogene climate in  Northwest China. Based on various climatic proxies from a section at Lamjin in the Turpan Basin， such as Fe₂O₃， FeO， CaCO₃， organic carbon and organic carbon stable isotopes， this paper focuses on climatic changes and key climatic events during the Paleogene. Temperatures of the Paleogene in the Turpan Basin are estimated by the ratios of Fe₃+/Fe₂+. Annual mean temperatures were 22.35℃ in the Paleocene， 21.82℃ in the Eocene and 15.69℃ in the Oligocene respectively. A key temperaturefalling event took place during the transitional period from the Late Eocene to the Early Oligocene. Researches on CaCO₃ content of the Paleogene indicate that the mean content of CaCO₃ was 4.68％ in the Paleocene and 6.66％ in the Eocene respectively， while the mean content of CaCO₃ reached 15.01％ in the Oligocene. These data show that the climates in the Paleocene and Eocene were relatively humid， while arid in the Oligocene. Values of organic carbon stable isotopes(δ¹³Corg)from the Paleogene sediments concentrate in the scope of the C3 plants， which indicates C3 plants were  developed in the Turpan Basin at that time， and δ¹³Corg values have a negative relationship with CaCO₃ content but a positive relationship  with temperatures. Namely， a decrease of the δ¹³Corg value corresponds to an increase of the CaCO3 content and a fall of the temperature. The various climatic proxies indicate that the climate was relatively warm and humid in the Paleocene and Eocene， while arid and cool in the Oligocene.

This article focused on the serious flood in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in the year 1849. The author consulted a variety of resources about this flood， such as archives， local gazetteers， diaries and other personal literatures， and based on the countylevel index and details of disaster， spatial and temporal distribution of the serious flood disaster is reconstructed. It was shown that a westtoeast zonal distribution of the disaster was between N28°and N33°， with the extremely serious band along N31°. Continuous rainfall was from May 18th to July 18th， with three heavy rains events each lasting more than 10 days during this process. This article pointed out that， this particular disaster covering the whole Yangtze drainage was behaved as a waterlog rather than a flood. The flood is very different from other instrumentrecorded alloverbasin flood that the rainfall was concentrated in the Tai Lake basin in eastern part of the Yangtze River. The main cause of these features in this disaster was the occupation of the plum rain season which had lasted 62 days and the precipitation obviously increased. It should be also considered that the summer monsoon was weaker in that year， and the Subtropical High Ridge Line was unusually bended southwards.Furthermore，the branch of westerly wind played a strong role together with the development of the Meridional circulation， so that it could be deduced that the branch of westerly wind was abnormally located southwards. Besides， the irregular activities of cold air in summer were probably the real factor which drove the rain band staying along the riverside of the Yangtze River for such a long period of time.