This paper is a continuation from Lithofacies Palaeogeography of the Early Cambrian in China ［1-3］. On the basis of the present writers' achievements of study and mapping of quantitative lithofacies palaeogeography of Cambrian and Ordovician in North China, South China and Northwest China, in combination with geological data of other areas, mainly Mongolia-Xinganling, Tibet, Hainan Island and Taiwan, through comprehensive analysis and judgment, the lithofacies palaeogeography maps of the Early Age and Late Age of Early Ordovician were compiled and this paper was finished. In these two maps, the lithofacies palaeogeography framework , i.e. "two troughs alternating with three platforms" in the Early, Middle and Late Cambrian was unchanged. The two troughs are the Tianshan-Beishan-Mongolia-Liaoning-Jilin Trough and Kunlun-Qinling Trough. The three platforms are the Junggar-Mongolia-Xinganling Platform, Tarim-Qaidam-North China Platform and Tibet-South China Platform. The scope of these 5 paleogeographic units are basically the same with those in the Early, Middle and Late Cambrian, but the characteristics of their second-rank palaeogeographic units are different from those of the Cambrian.

 Explosion phases of the Emeishan basalt in Guizhou, from intensity and time of explosion, are divided into late Maokou phase and Longtan phase (or Wujiaping phase). The Longtan phase is subdivided into 3 explosion cycles, corresponding to 4 different environments of lithofacies palaeogeography. It is showing that Dongwu Movement caused elevating and subsiding of the earth crust, with regression and transgression, following elevating, spreading and cracking (or called as Emeishan cracking), and mantle material exploiting discontinuous and cycle. The interrelationship between process of the Emeishan basalt explosion and sedimention process is revealed through study on the base of evolution of palaeogeography in Permian, and relationship between Au and Sb deposits and the Emeishan basalt explosion and the evolution of palaeogeography is discussed in this study, authors set up the models of relationship between lithofacies and minerogenetic province. It can be seen that the sediment cycles and the distribution of lithofacies in Maokou Stage and Early Longtan Stage is consistent with the Emeishan basalt explosion episodes and cycles. The Emeishan basalt explosion supplies a lot of material to form mineral resource, and intervals of the Emeishan basalt explosion are favorable to deposit abundant and different deposits. The basalt is rich in Si and CO2 during the gas-hydrate interval of magma effusion process, and rich in Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb, Zn, Sb, Hg, As, Au, Ag, F, P and rare and radioactive elements. The distribution of mineral regions (such as volcano-gas-hydrate mineral region, volcano-sediment mineral region and sediment mineral region) is controlled by distance from crater and magma, and volcano composition and mineral environment.

 The intervals  between salt beds in the Qiangjiang Formation of Upper Eocene-Lower Oligocene of Paleogene consist of sandstones and non-sandstones. The  non-sandstones are widely distributed and mainly composed of mm- scale to cm- scale of single bed ,a total of several decimeter to several meter thick salt-bearing rhythms , most of which are polymictic mixed rocks composed of evaporite minerals, carbonate minerals and terrigenous clays and fine clastic minerals. For a long time, the study of the non-sandstones between salt beds has been limited to the lithological character and less attention has been paid to sedimentary characteristics and sedimentary environments, Through the detailed study on the cores of three wells, a total of 151m thick in Wangchang Structure of northwestern Qianjiang Sag,  this paper gives a systematic analysis of the sedimentary characteristics and environments of the intervals between salt beds,  and suggests  that the lake  basin was a perennial relatively deepwater meromictic salt lake which can be roughly divided into brackish-water lake, semisalt-water lake, salt-water lake, and brine lake when the intervals between salt beds were deposited. During the peroid of Qianjiang Formation deposited the waterdepth of lake basin was gradually from deeper to shallower.

This paper analyzes the types of sedimentary facies of Lower Cretaceous Series and their distribution and evolution in Yingen Basin according to detailed survey and analysis of a lot of field geological sections around the basin. The Lower Cretaceous series of Yingen Basin are typical interior lacustrine basin deposits, which developed over 2000 meters of sandstone, conglomerate, mudstone, carbonate rocks, neutral to basic volcanic rocks and a little oil shale and evaporite. The types of sedimentary facies include alluvial fan, stream (mainly braided stream), fan-delta, delta and lacustrine facies. Regional structural movements mainly controlled the sedimentary systems and their distribution and evolution. The sedimentary facies evolution can be approximately divided into three stages that reflect a full sedimentary cycle of a faulted basin from formation, development to shrinkage. The early phase of Early Cretaceous Period was initial fault depression stage of the basin; the middle phase of Early Cretaceous Period was intense fault depression stage and the late phase of Early Cretaceous Period was fault depression shrinkage stage. Each stage developed special sedimentary facies and facies assemblage.

This paper describes Mesozoic trace fossils collected by the Hebei Geological Survey during mapping of the Sage region in 2001 and by China University of Geosciences during mapping of Jiangzi and Yadong regions in 2002.These trace fossils occurred in the following locations and geological ages:Fossil site 1:Late Cretaceous rocks in Sage and Jilong,fore-arc basins in Gangdisi and flyschdepositsintheAngrenFormationShigatseGroup.Fossilsite2:LateTriassicNiejeiFormationinLaguigangri,Kangmaregion,northernHimalayas;EarlyMiddleJurassicTianbaGroup,Early Cretaceous Jiabula Formation, and Late Cretaceous Zongzhue Formation flysch deposits.Fossil site 3: (small amount) Late Cretaceous Gangbacunkou Formation in the southern part of northern Himalayas.12 ichnogenera and 14 inchnospecies are described.Mostofthesetracefossils5inchnogeneraand7inchnospecieshaveneverbeenreportedinChinapreviously includingtwonewinchnospeciesEthologicalcharacteristicsofthesetracefossils,including9commonMesozoicandCenozoicichnogenera,thatoccurredinflyschdeposits around the world, were analyzed. According to their taphonomic environment andpreservationalstyle,thesetracefossilscan be divided into two categories:thefirsttypeisknownaspost-turbiditetraceswhicharepredominatedbyfeedingandgrazingtrails in the deep sea,forexample,Gyrophyllites,Phymatoderma,HelminthoidaandPhycosiphon.Thesetracesarecharacterizedbyactivebackfills.Thisgroupalsoincludesanimalswithchemosymbiosisthathasadoptedlowsoxygenconditions,suchaschondritesandcladichnus.Thesecondtypeispre-turbiditegraphoglyptidawhicharecharacterizedbycomplextunnelingsystemthatwasfilmedbybacteriaandgardening(Agrichnia).RepresentativesofthistypeareMegagrapton,Rhabdoglyphus,andHelicorhaphe.ThesedescribedtracefossilsalsoincludedwellingandfeddingstructuressuchasSchaubcylindrichnus,Syringgomorpha, and Cubichnia that are aligned with water currents such as Sagittichnus.Except for Tibet,Mesozoicdeepseaflychstrata(especiallyLateTrassicandJurassicCretaceousrocksarerarelydevelopedinotherpartsofChina.Thus,thesetracefossilsprovideuniquevaluablematerialtowardbetterunderstandingofsedimentology,stratigraphy, and paleogeography in Tibet.

From Devonian to Triassic the Nanpanjiang Sea developed in Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangxi in China and their adjacent area in northern Vietnam. Geologically, there were the Yangtze Block on its north, the Yunkai Block and Damingshan Block on its southeast and the North Vietnam Block on its southwest. Within the Nanpanjiang Sea the Tianlin Basin located on its northern part, the Babu Basin with oceanic crust on its central part and the Qinfang Basin on its southern part. It also contains a lot of submarine platform with different size, of which the largest was the Damingshan Platform, secondly were the Jingxi Platform and the Xichou Platform. The opening of the Nanpanjiang Sea at later Early Devonian might be the result that the counter-clockwise rotation of the Gandwanaland and the northward drift of the Yangtze Block caused the rifting of the Guangxi-Yunnan-North Vietnam Block among them at that time. Further sea-floor spreading led to the occurrence of oceanic crust in Babu Basin and the Nanpanjiang Sea exceeded beyond 20 latitudes from north to south in Early Carboniferous. The oceanic spreading ridge might link with that in Ailaoshan Sea to the west based on the paleogeographic reconstruction. During Late Permian the Yunkai Block drifted northward and collided with the Damingshan Block. Then the Indosinian Block moved northward and amalgamated with North Vietnam Block in early Triassic. An active margin appeared in the southern border of the Nanpanjiang Sea from Late Permian to Middle Triassic. In Late Triassic the Indosinian - North Vietnam Block amalgamated with the Yangtze Block and the Nanpanjiang Sea closed. The opening, developing and closing of the Nanpanjiang Sea, Ailaoshan Sea and Changning-Menglian Sea were basically kept the same pace. Those marine basins might be controlled by the same oceanic ridge system of the Paleo-Tethys.

This paper, in term of sequence-basin-tectonics, deals with tectonic controls on sequence genetic dynamics. The authors suggest that tectonic controls on sequence development include: 1)tectonic controls on basin boundary and then sequence filling outline; 2)tectonic hierarchy control on sequence and its order; 3)tectonic nature control on basin characteristics and then sequence genetic framework and its boundary type; 4)tectonic control is more significant with  the increasing of sequence scale and boundary hierarchy; 5)synsedimentary faulting control on sequence internal architecture; 6)basal movement control on sequence accommodation and structure; and 7)tectonic control on nature and evolution of basin type and characteristics, and then filling pattern and its association type.

The high-resolutional analysis of the content of total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (N) and TOC/N ratio, together with other climate proxy analysis from core SC-1 in Maar Lake Shuangchi in Hainan Island has been made to reconstruct the tropical climate changes since the Last Deglacial period. The Holocene Megathermal began at 7 400a BP，and ended at about 2 700a BP. During the time, climate was warm and humid; vegetation flourished in the tropics, and the evaporation was equal to the precipitation. So the Maar Lake Shuangchi became a swamp in most of the time. But there still existed fast climate changing events in the Holocene Megathermal. During the time of 7 200a BP, 7 000a BP, 6 000-5 900a BP, 4 300-4 000a BP, the productivity of organic mater had remarkable low values, showing that the weather was cool. Before and after the Megathermal (8 000-7 400a BP、2 700-2 300a BP), the climate condition was cool with frequent seasonal strong storms, which demonstrated the climate pattern changing. At that time, Evaporation was less than precipitation, and the Maar Lake was in its deep-water time. Consequently, the land-area around the lake decreased, beside with the relative cold temperature, leading to the low productivity of vegetation and the low content of organic matter in the core.

 Inversion of climate and paleoenvironment using gamma ray (GR) log is being highlighted and improved increasingly in the world. Application of inversing paleoclimate change before 2.85 Ma has been succeeded in Quaternary in Qaidam basin. This paper shows gamma ray log is an important parameter for paleoclimate research, making an analysis of paleoclimate and paleosedimentary environment combining gamma ray log with sporopollen data and other geological data from two wells in Quaternary Qaidam Basin. Both Value sizes of GR and dry/wet changes of paleoclimate have internally related to the depth of dipositional water body. Quick/slow variations of frequency and amplitude of GR log show relatively active and stable characteristics of sedimentary environment. For this, specific analysis to an evolution of sedimentary environment from the two wells was made. Integrating paleoclimate with sedimentary environment, abnormal varying of GR curve is of a special implication in sedimentary facy. Variations on tectonic -paleogeography background could change the corresponding relation which is characterized as a general regularity by a synchronization of the GR log value-increasved, the paleoclimate-wetting, and the depositional water-deepen. Therefore, information of researching a paleogeography development can be presented, enriching a geological implication of GR log investigation further. This demonstrates GR log is a significant indicator in studying of the Jurassic paeoclimate and paleoenviroment.

Logic-information method is one kind of theories of quantification, and it is a comprehensive mathematical analyzing method that bases on symbolic logic, combinatory analysis, and mathematical statistics. By comparing the structural similarity of the objects, this method can evaluate the effect of some special factors. This article uses logic-information method to evaluate the fault sealing in Junggar Basin. This article filters the main geological indexes by logical calculation of the affecting factors of the standard objects (the typical fault whose sealing character is known). According to the affecting ability to the fault sealing of the geological indexes, some weightings are assigned to them. Then, object weightings of the standard objects can be calculated. Comparing these weightings with the fault sealing, the evaluating model of fault sealing can be built up. This model is used to evaluate ten chosen faults in Junggar Basin. The coincidence rate of the evaluating result and the real value is as high as 90%. This method can solve the following two problems in Junggar: why there is no large scale gas field in Wucaiwan region and why gas assembles only in the bottom wall of the fault in Hutubi gas field. Both of these prove that logic-information method can evaluate fault sealing efficiently.

There were abundant with unconformity surfaces in Luliang uplift in Junggar basin which were significant to the hydrocarbon migration and accumulation. The unconformity surface in the bottom of Permian system and Triassic system was key factor for hydrocarbon accumulation in the late period of Jurassic; the unconformity surface in the bottom of Jurassic system was favorable migration path for hydrocarbon accumulation in Jurassic system; the unconformity surface in the bottom of Cretaceous system was necessary element for the hydrocarbon from Jurassic system to come to Cretaceous system. There were five unconformity types, which played different roles on the hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in the research section. The distribution of the unconformity has "three characters": difference, succeed, and transfer, which had great influence on the hydrocarbon distribution and reallocation.