This paper is a continuation from Lithofacies Palaeogeography of the Early Cambrian in China and  Lithofacies Palaeogeography of the Middle Cambrian in China. It is based on the present writers’ achievements of study and mapping of quantitative lithofacies palaeogeography of Cambrian and Ordovician in North China, South China and Northwest China. By quantification it is meant that the delineation of each paleogeographic unit is based on quantitative data and quantitative maps. On such a basis, in combination with geological data of other areas, mainly Mongolia—Xinganling, Tibet, Hainan Island and Taiwan, through comprehensive analysis and judgment, the lithofacies palaeogeography map of the Late Cambrian in China is compiled and this paper is finished. Thus in this paper, the lithofacies palaeogeography map in North China, South China and Northwest China is quantitative and the description is in detail, while the lithofacies palaeogeography map in other areas is qualitative and the description is general. In China, the lithofacies palaeogeography framework of “two troughs alternating with three platforms” in the Middle Cambrian was unchanged in the Late Cambrian. The two troughs are the Tianshan—Beishan—Mongolia—Liaoning—Jilin Trough and Kunlun—Qinling Trough. The three platforms are the Junggar—Mongolia—Xinganling Platform, Tarim—Qaidam—North China Platform and Tibet-South China Platform. The scope of these 5 paleogeographic units in the Late cambrian are basically the same with those in the Middle Cambrian, but the characteristics of their second-rank palaeogeographic units are different from those of the Middle Cambrian.

The Lower member of  the Shahejie Formation in the Wangxuzhuang Oilfield of the Huanghua Depression is 40-50m thick and mainly consists of carbonate rocks and shales. It is a carbonate-clastic intermixed platform in a lake. Carbonate rocks are mainly limestones, which can be further divided into sparry grainstones, limemud grainstones and limemud limestones. The grains are mainly gastropods as well as some ooids and intraclasts. Based on sedimentary characteristics, the platform can be divided into sparry grainstone bank, limemud grainstone bank and interbank. Sparry grainstone bank is persistently agitated high-energy environments, water depth is above the normal wave base, and the deposits are mainly sparry grainstones. Limemud grainstone bank is intermittently agitated environments, water depth is around the normal wave base, and the deposits are mainly limemud grainstones. Interbank is quiet low energy environments, water depth is below the normal wave base, and the deposits are mainly limemud limestones and shales. Both limemud grainstone bank and sparry grainstone bank mainly occurat the edge of the platform. The activity of contemporaneous fault controls the formation of platform and the distribution of banks. Sedimentary facies control the distribution of oil and gas. Sparry grainstone bank is the best reservoiring facies for oil and gas, limemud grainstone bank is the second, and the interbank can not form good reservoirs. High productivity wells are not located at the structural highs where interbank facies occur, but are located  at structural lows where there are sparry grainstone banks.

 The south Shangdian fault block is located in the Shangdian Shangdian Oilfield of dongying Depression of Shengli Oilfield of Shandong Province. The Dongying Formation of Paleogene is well defined by unconformity or discontinuous surface both at its top and bottom. Within this Formation, some delta deposits were developed due to lacustrine transgression. Based on the drilling log and seismic studies of over 100 wells, over 70 sections of single well and correlations of 14 sections in the Shangnan faulted block, the sedimentary facies of the Dongying Formation are well studied. Mthan 30 casting-dot figures of sedimentary microfacies and lithofacies palaeogeographies are designed. The results show that in the Dongying Age, the environment of flourish rainfall, moist climate, abundant rivers and lake, and so on is favorable to developing lacustrine transgressive delta.Although the regional source areas, the Chengning uplift and the Luxi uplift, might play an important role in controlling the sedimentary envirenment and the sequence development,the local source areas,such as the Binxian arch and the Linfanjia arch also play an important role in the delta development. There were three evolutional stage of lithofacies palaeogeographies during Dongying Age , including the Early, Middle and Late Age . During the Early Age, the sedimentary environment of delta plain predominated. In the Middle Age, the destructed delta Was developed. In the Late Age, the foredelta was characterized.

Fluvial facies and shore facies are two different viewpoints on the origin of the Wutong Formation sandstone of the Upper Devonian in the eastern Hubei Province. Based on the abundant and elaborate field investigations and laboratory analysis, it is suggested that the Wutong Formation is mainly the pure quartz sandstone and glauconite-bearing quartz sandstone with great maturity. The curve of probability cumulating with relative steep slop shows that the sandstone is mainly made up of leaping components, some of which are made of the two-stage mode, and the contents of suspending and rolling components are quite low.  It can be concluded that the grain size parameter of sandstone is limited within the range of that of well-sorted shore sandstone. Microfacies and grain size analysis all indicate that the sandstone is significantly analogous to that of the high-energy clastic coast. The sandstones developed typically the shore-deposit structure, such as the flushing cross-bedding, great and asymmetrically wave-generated ripple and anomalistic concave. A sedimentary sequence is from the lower of the shore face zone to the upper of the shore face zone, foreshore zone and the backshore zone vertically, above of which there is a complete regressive sequence of shore sediments. The analysis on the paleogeography suggests that there was a shore environment in eastern Hubei province in the Late Devonian, which was perhaps open to the ancient Qinling Sea northward.

The Upper Jurassic of Luxi depression in Kailu Basin was deposited in humid climate, and could be divided into five sequences with 3—5 Ma cycle according to the comprehensive researches of geological and geophysical data. The boundaries among these different sequences are unconformity and its corresponding conformity. Tectonic activity, climate and material supply controlled the framework and style of a sequence. The basin palaeogeography and fault activity influenced on distributions of Upper Jurrasic. The sequence in studying area was made up of lowstand, transgressive and highstand systems tracts due to topographic (faulted) break. Characteristics of lowstand, transgressive and highstand systems tracts of sequence B are described particularly. It is pointed out that the favorable lithological traps are located mainly on nearshore subaqueous fans of fall block of Xishaogen fault, and on turbidite fan under topographic break in sequence C.

The sequence stratigraphy studies of the third member of the Shahejie Formation(SHA-3) in the western of Huimin basin, Shandong province indicates that it is more suitable to divide a sequence into four systems tracts in the lacustrine basin including low stand systems tract(LST), lake-transgressive systems tract(TST), high stand systems tract(HST) and falling-stage systems tract(FSST), according to the characteristics of the lake level change and its corresponding sediments. The sequence boundary is located between LST and FSST. There are four key surfaces in a sequence: first flooding surface, maximal flooding surface, first falling surface and maximal falling surface. The first flooding surface is located between LST and TST, and is corresponded to the sedimentary boundary while the lake water change from the relatively stable stage to the quickly rising stage. The maximal flooding surface is located between TST and HST, and condensation section (CS) usually forms near the surface. The first falling surface is located between HST and FSST, and is corresponded to the sediment boundary while the lake level begins quickly falling. The maximal falling surface is also the sequence boundary, and is corresponded to the sediment boundary while the lake level falls quickly to the lowest location. This paper has summed up the identical marks on the cores, well loggings, seismic data and so on. SHA-3 member of the central uplift belt can be divided into six systems tracts and three sequences. The distribution characteristics of different systems tract are discussed in Sequence II. During LST the area of lake water is small, and the river-delta deposition system develops, and the river is usually very long, and invised valleys also develop at the margin region of the lake basin. TST develops some small regressive deltas, and sandbodies is less. During HST the area of lake water is large, the main sandbody is some deep-water turbidity sands. FSST develops abundant transgressive deltas. So sandbody develops well during FSST and LST, and oil rocks form most during TST and HST.

 Rare earth and trace elements were used for the first time to analyse the source rock and source direction of Yanchang Formation of  Upper Triassic in Ordos Basin. Research shows that the sandstone and the mudstone of Yanchang Formation in central basin have same geochemical characteristics, same REE distribution mode, and same trace elements spider diagrams, it represents specificly that the light rare earth elements are enriched, the heavy ones, Eu and Ce are to the bad; The REE distribution mode is a type which inclined to the right, LREE enriched, and HREE flat; The trace elements spider diagrams shows a type of 4-peaks, 3-valleys, and 1-flat, the curve is distributed like a ladder. The geochemical characteristics, REE distribution mode, and the trace elements spider graphs of sandstone and mudstone in Yanchang Formation are identical with metamorphic rock of Archean and Proterozoic from northeast fringe of the basin, but different remarkably from igneous rock with the characteristics of heavy rare earth elements enriched, lighy elements lost, V-shape REE ditribution mode, and the spider graph of 3-peaks, 2-valleys, the curve distributed like “W”. Therefore, metamorphic rock from Archean and Proterozoic is the dominant source rock of Yanchang Epoch, and the main source is from eastnorth. In the light of source direction, depositional enviroment, sandstone petrology, geochemistry marks of rare and trace elements, delta depositional of Yanchang Formation of  Upper Triassic in Ordos basin can be divided into two systems, one is Ansai-Zhijing-Anbian delta depositional system from eastnorth, the other is Yanding delta depositional system from westnorth. On the division basis of delta depositional systems, petrology characteristics, geochemical characteristics of rare earth and trace elements of different delta depositional systems, and the evolution process of delta depositional systems of chang 6—chang 2 in Yanchang Formation have been elaborated in detail.

Yitong Graben , located the middle of Jilin Province , is southern section of Jia—Yi Graben and the northern section of Tan—Lu Fault Zone. Its northern—west margin is principal fault, and southern—east margin is polarity compensation fault. Main controlling faults and prolonging basin make complexity of structure and sediment，and there are many little fault depression basins in the Yitong graben. Miliqing fault depression is one of mainly filling oil and gas secondary fault depression basins in Yitong graben, its sedimentary caprocks are Palaeogene system strata , and sedimentary systems include fan—delta sedimentary system and lacustrine subaqueous fan sedimentary system, oil and gas distributes in the difference sedimentary system of Shuangyang Formation. According to the core ,the well—logging and the seismic data,  the papermainly describes characteristics of subaqueous fans ,results of research show that subaqueous fan system and fan—delta sedimentary system are different in lithologic series ,well logging feature and seismic reflection structure . Based on the above we investigate distribution laws of subaqueous fans and fan—delta along with time and space . Inner fan, middle fan and outer fan of subaqueous fans have great change on the plane with time varying, but fan—delta of northern—west margin usually keeps constant in the plane; By the detailed analysis  ,we think that formation of lacustrine subaqueous fan is related with structure , provenance supply and lake level changing; It is main controlling faults that make a great deal of subaqueous fans develop in the Member Ⅱ Shuangyang Formation.  Provenance supply sizes determine the shapes of subaqueous fans in the space and time, the greater size of subaqueous fans are formed by the direct provenance provision and that of the smaller by indirect provenance provision.

The Western Depression of Liaohe Rift is a typical half-graben depression. Controlled by step normal faults, two kinds of sedimentation models developed here, gentle and steep during Paleogene. After experiencing the three stages of structure-sedimentation evolution, namely, initial subsidence-rifting depression, spreading and re-depression, witch are characterized by proximal provenance and short transportation sistance. and coarse clastic fan-delta, sub-lacustrine fan sandstone reservoirs have developed. Having undergone compaction, cementation and dissolution processes. The reservoirs are manly in early diagenesis stage and late diagenesis stage A. Double controlled by sedimentation and diagenesis, the main pore types of sandstone reservoirs are intergranular overgowth pore. The pore losing by compaction are larger than the pore losing by  cementation. Several secondary porosity development zones have been developed in sandstone reservoirs vertically. In the aspect of sandstone reservoir quality and petroliferous property, the fan-delta reservoirs are the best compared to the other reservoirs, and they are the most important hydrocarbon reservoirs in this depression. This research indicates that the deep exploration has great hydrocarbon potential. The oil and gas exploration directions have been pointed out in this paper also.

Jiaxian—Zizhou Area with the area of 9 000 km2 is located of the eastern in Ordos basin. It one of the key regions for recent natural gas exploration. Taiyuan, Shanxi and Xiashihezi Formations in the Carboniferous and Permian are the main objective exploration targets for clastic rocks in this area. The reservoir is of characteristics of many genetic types, rock types，reservoir interspace types, as well as low porosity and low permeability. Sedimentation, diagenesis and structural process had played important roles in the formation and evolution of reservoir. Sedimentation controlled the development and distribution of reservoir, and affected basic configuration of reservoir as well as the diagenesis style and intension, which results in the change of granularity, lithology and sedimentary microfacies. Diagenesis decided the interior reservoir space and the reservoir capability. compaction and cementation are favourable process for diagenesis, while dissolution and alteration with recrystallization are on the contrary. The comprehentive evaluation using the Fuzzy theory shows that the reservoirs in the tidal channel sand bodies and the deltaic channel sand bodies are of superior capability. The blocks of Zhenchuanpu, Dafusi, Jiaxian and Zizhou are favourable exploration targets.