In this paper. the kinematic features of Himalayan orogeny of the thrusting eastwards, the strike-slip faultings and the thrusting southwards, are described briefly, which has resulted in crustal shortening in both latitudinal and longitudinal directions. To strip the reformation of Himalayan orogeny and to restore the Panzhihua-Xichang Graben system and the Central Yunnan Trough to their original position (the Chuxiong Basin is regarded as in situ), the tectonic evolution of the bordering area of Sichuan and Yunnan is illustrated in the light of orogenic process (the Paleotethysides was created) and coupled basin developing. Although the Yanshanian orogeny took place, the orogen-basin relation set up in the Indosinian orogeny was not decoupled untill the Himalayan orogeny. All the three deformational episodes are reflected in the Chuxiong Basin, which took its shape, as a structural basin, during the Himalayan movement. The reformation was further strengthened by neotectonic activities which inherited the Himalayan structural modes. Based on the decoupling expressions, the unfavourable factors for the Chuxiong Basin's preservation and oil-gas accumulation are analysed.

 The South China in this paper refers to the broad region bounded on the west by Jinshajiang River-Yuanjing River Fracture, on the northwest by Longmenshan Fracture, on the north by Chengkou-Fangxian Xiangfan-Guangji Fractuse, on the northeast by Tancheng-Lujiang Fracture, on the east by Huanghai Sea and Donghai Sea, and on the south by Nanhai Sea. The area is about 2 000 000 km2. Based on the quantitative and qualitative data from the study of stratigraphy and petrography of outcrops and well sections, according to the single factor analysis and comprehensive mapping method, the single factor maps of the Xinchang Stage and Ningguo Stage of the Lower Ordovician, and the lithofacies palaeogeography maps of the Xin chang Age and Ningguo Age of the Early Ordovician in South China were compiled. In these two lithofacies palaeogeography maps, there are 7 principal palaeogeographic units, i.e. Dianxi Patform, Kangdian Land, Yangtne Platform and Cathaysian Land. The former 5 units belong to the Kangdian Palaeogeography System, and the latter 2 units belong to the Cathaysian Palaeogeography System. The most important character of these two lithofacies palaeogeography maps is quantification. Quantification means that the determination of each palaeogeographic unit is based on the accurate quantitative data and single factor map. This is the first time in the study and mapping of the Early Ordovician is South China. These quantitative lithofacies palaeogeography maps are an important development in palaeogeography, and are the guide to the prediction and exploration of oil, gas and other sedimentary gas and other sedimentary mineral resources.

In the North Continental Shelf of the South China Sea on the background of dominance of terrigenous clastic sediments, around coral fringing and barrier reefs, there widely develop recent mixed sediments, which consist of reefoid carbonates and terrigenous clastics. Textures of these mixed sediments are dominant by arenaceous and arenaceous - rudaceous, and include same biogenic frameworks. Occurrence of both carbonate and ciliciclastic sources, active hydrodynamic regimes and alternate of dry and wet climates are main factors of forming mixed sediments ,besides , the flucture of sea levels also have an active influence on it.There are three patterns of mixed sedimentation: stochastic, facies alternate and stochastic - facies alternate. Mixed sediments always are sedimentary complex, consiste of alternate and repeat of diverse patterns of mixed sedimentation. Sedimentary Facies model of mixed sediments of recent reefoid carbonates and siliciclasstics is developed from the facies model of friging and barrier reefs. Based on the sedimentary facies and textures they may be subdivided into 5 mixed sediments: 1) reef foundamental mixed sedimentary rocks and reef framework mixed sedimentary rocks; 2) reef flat sand - gravel mixed sedimentary rocks; 3) reef back beach - dune gravel - sand mixed sediments; 4) reef back lagaonal sand mixed sediments and 5) fore - reef ( flank ) littoral sand mixed sediments. The distinguish indicates of reefoid carbonate and siliciclasstic mixed sediments are components, which both coral deblis and classtics cosist of 10 - 50 ％ and other biogenic fragments are no counted. Recent mixed sediments in the continental shelf of the South China Sea are a typical example, which may provide scientific basis for all-round research sedimentology of the South China Sea and for comparative sedimentological research.

Integrated analysis of western margin outcrop, core and well-logging, seismic data and analytic data in Tarim Basin，five sequences with thickness of 40-155m have been identified in Silurian. Each sequence consists of either complete lowstand, transgressive and highstand systems  tracts or one or two of them. Pattern of Silurian in Tarim basin may be described by type I sequence model with shelf break. Sequence boundaries are mainly wide spreated regional or local unconformity; boundaries of systems tract are mainly decided on onlap location, lithologic association and variations of parasequence patterns. Lowstand systems tract consists of parasequences with fining in grain size and thinning in sandstone thickness upward; transgressive systems tract is characteristic of thinning in sandstone thickness and thicking of mudstone thickness upward; highstand systems tract is characterized by acceleration - progradation sedimentation. Sedimentary types of Silurian are mainly of shelf , offshore, and flat with typical marine sedimentary structures and cycles vertically.

 In the light of sequence -basin-geosystem theory in conjunction with previous results, the relationship between sequence and basin has been tentatively studied. The following aspects have been addressed: 1) sequence boundaries and basin-mountain transformation; 2) sequence hierarchies and basin scales; 3) sequence genetic frameworks and basin types; and 4) sequence filling successions and basin evolution. Several relationships between sequence stratigraphic frameworks and the basin natures have been discussed. 1) Different hierarchies and genesis of sequence boundaries reflect the dynamic transformation of sedimentary basin, in which super, first-order, second-order boundaries indicate the stress mechanisms of the basin tract-basin tract, basin-basin, and basin-mountain transformation, the third and fourth-order boundaries reflect the transformation process of accommodation and sedimentation mechanism. 2) Different hierarchies of sequences show a certain intrinsic coupling relationships with sedimentary basins: the super-order sequence corresponds to the sedimentary basin tracts, the first-order sequence corresponds to the sedimentary basin, the second-order sequence corresponds to the basin tectonic stage; the third-order sequence corresponds to the basin infilling episodes; the fourth and fifth-order sequences correspond to the basin filling rhythms. 3) Sequence characteristics such as boundary nature, sequence geometry, structure, scale, thickness, completeness and symmetry etc., are different in different genetic basins. Therefore, sedimentary basin can be identified based on sequence genetic framework and internal architecture. 4) The nature, structure and sedimentary framework of basins are different during various stage of basin evolution, which results in the differences in the architectures of sequence sets and the boundary attributes and their combination characteristics. Therefore, the sedimentary basin tectonic stage and evolution history can be distinguished based on the combined characteristics, composition, architecture, and infilling pattern of sequence sets.

According to the sedimentary sequence and stratigraphic relation from Ak1 core and outcrops around Aqike depression，it can be concluded that the basic tectonic framework of Aqike depression in the Quaternary was formed in the Tertiary when most of the eastern part of Tarim Basin was folded during the Tianshan orogeny. Quaternary palaeogeographic evolution of the Aqike depression appears to have been controlled largely by regional tectonics. Aqike depression had two stages enlarge during Quaternary. Two high-level of the lake were discovered from middle Early-Pleistocene and late Middle-Pleistocene of AK1 core, eastern Lop Nur area. The occurrence of Lake Facies in the late middle-Pleistocene means the climax of Quaternary transgressing. Rapid uplift along both sides of the depression resulted in a persistent regression as indicated by the conglomerate layer during late Pleistocene，and the environment of the Lake was fluctuant since late Pleistocene.

Using natural gamma logging curve to analysis palaeoclimatic change is the newly developed research field. Based on the analyses of a variety of palaeoclimatic indicators from the core samples of the Sezhong 6 well, we have established the model of inverse modeling of palaeoclimatic changes. This model has been further introduced into the Dacan 1 well — the only well drilling through the Quaternary in the eastern Qaidam Basin. The high-resolution natural gamma logging curve of the Dacan 1 well have been used to reconstruct the time scale of a period of 2.85Ma B.P. in the eastern Qaidam Basin. The palaeoclimatic changes in the eastern Qaidam Basin since 2.85Ma B.P. have also been discussed. In comparison with the record of ZK-336 well in the Dalangtan area of the western Qaidam Basin, it is suggested that the palaeoclimatic changes of the Qaidam Basin were controlled by the astronomic orbital periods, and these changes tend to behave obvious regional characteristics. It is shown that the current Qaidam basin is one of the best carriers of information such as the uplifting history of the Qinghai and Tibet plateau, the global climatic changes, and the global environmental changes. It is also indicated that the natural gamma-logging curve can be a good indicator of the environmental and climatic changes of the inland arid basin.

In order to reveal the relationship between magnetic properties of the relict sediment and hydrocarbon seepage, a total of three hundred and seventy vibro-cores were taken from the Pingbei area of the East China continental shelf during 1994-1995.  Six magnetic parameters were used to define the magnetic minerals, which include magnetic susceptibility (χ), SIRM, SIRM/χ, χFD, IRMkmT/SIRM, and S－kmT. The magnetic measurements demonstrate that there are two different types of magnetic anomaly highs, i.e., χhigh and SIRM high. According to the magnetic properties, we propose that the minerals which dominates the χhigh sediment are magnetites, and minerals which cause the SIRM high are iron sulphides such as greigite and pyrrhotite.Magnetic minerals of the two types of magnetic anomaly high sediments were separated.  Identification under reflect light microscopes proves that the magnetic separates from the χhigh is detrital magnetite. Analyses of the SEM-EDX, M?ssbauer Spectrum and XRD demonstrate that the magnetic separates from SIRM high sediment are predominantly greigite and pyrrhotite.The χhighs occur at the sand bodies which are formed during the late Pleistocene transgression. Distribution of the SIRM highs in the study area coincides with that of the tectonic-controlled hydrocarbon traps and geochemical anomalies. This suggests that the iron sulphides generating the anomaly high SIRM in the study area are products of the hydrocarbon seepage. It is thus proposed that the SIRM can be selected as a proper parameter for magnetic detection of oil fields in the study area.

The geochemical characters of the Cambrian, Ordovician, Devonian, Carboniferous and Jurassic rock samples in the eastern Qaidam basin were investigated by means of GC-MS, GC-MS-MAT, etc. Based on saturated hydrocarbon biomarker characters and stable carbon isotope composition of individual n-alkanes, the sedimentary environment of this area were studied in detail. The results showed that in the eastern Qaidam basin, the Palaeozoic organic matters were mainly from bacteria and algae, and some Palaeozoic source rocks (mainly Carboniferous) contained terrestrial bio-inputs. Majority of these organic matters was deposited in a strongly reducing marine environment, and few of them in a transitional one. The Jurassic in some areas and some geologic period was deposited in an environment of lake beach or shallow lake (semi-deep to deep lake in local areas), not in a typical coal-forming environment; therefore, the Jurassic of the eastern Qaidam basin is of oil-generating potential.