130 closely spaced (10-30cm) pollen samples which were collected from 22.95m Shanwang profile have been studied and are detailed in this paper. 111 pollen and spore taxa, as well as their nearest living relatives have been recognized. The reconstruction of palaeovegetation indicates that the Shanwang Miocene flora was a mixed mesophytic forest. Throughout the studied section, this mixed mesophytic forest experienced "mixed mesophytic forest from wet habitats", "mixed mesophytic forest from dry habitats", "mixed mesophytic forest from wet habitats", "mixed mesophytic forest from upland, riparian and alkaline soils habitats", "mixed misophytic forest from calcareous habitats" five stages. Quantitative palaeoclimatic data has been obtained through using the coexistence approach. The results indicate that the mean annual temperature (MAT) was between 15.6-17.2℃, that the mean temperature of the coldest month (TCM) was between 5.0-6.6℃ and the mean temperature of the warmest month (TWM) was between 24.7-27.8℃. Mean annual precipitation (MAP) has been determined in the range of 1162-1308 mm, with precipitation of the warmest month (PwarmM) being 108-111mm, precipitation in the driest month (PDM) being 16-59 mm and precipitation of 148-180 mm occurring in the wettest month (PwetM). Relative humidity (RH) has been calculated as 72-75 %. This also indicates that there were climatic fluctuations between the high resolution pollen samples. It was up to 3℃ for mean annual temperature, up to 4℃ for temperature of the coldest month, up to 1℃ for temperature of the warmest month, up to 100 mm for mean annual precipitation.

Based on the researches in the "Xinjiang Geotransect" project, the sedimentary-tectonic evolutionary history of the Tianshan-Tarim-Kunlun Mts. area in Southern Xinjiang was discussed in this paper. Here, the discussion is predominant in the history of Paleozoic and Meso-Cenozoic. About the history of the crustal evolution in the study area, four periods can be divided. Generally speaking, it is the process that the paleo-oceanic basin in different periods gradually closed, the different continental plates collised and amalgamated, took the crust of this area to become more stability. The main factors for the evolution in Paleozoic were the activities of the paleo-Asian oceanic basin. By the end of Paleozoic, the paleo-Eurasian continent formed on the north part of the corridor. The evolution in Late Paleozoic to Mesozoic is controlled by the activities of the Paleo-Tethys oceanic basin in the south. Following the closing of the Tethys ocean and the collisions of the continental blocks in the south, a series of sedimentary and tectonic events took place in this area, including the closing of the paleo-Tethys oceanic basin, the forming of the Kangxiwar suture zone and some responses by the collision of Qiangtang, Gangdise and Himalayan blocks in the south. All of these formed the recent features of basin-mountain tectonics and plenty mineral resources. 

The Yunkai Block, extended in southern Guangxi and westerm Guangdong, is located in the intersection area of the Tethyan and the circum-Pacific tectonic zones. Its metamorphic basement only crops out in the Yunkaidashan area on the border between Guangxi and Guangdong. However, the Paleozoic sedimentary cover is widely distributed, even across the Beibu Gulf. The paleozoic deep-water sedimentary belt along the northern margin of the Yunkai Block also extends to the northeastern coast area of Vietnam. The scope of the Yunkai Block possibly reaches to the Red River Delta on the west and the Pearl River Delta on the east. In the most time of Late Paleozoic, it was a carbonate platform placed in low north latitudes. The opening of the Palaeo-South China Sea in late Permian might cause the collision between the Yunkai Block and the Damingshan Terrane. Then an orogenic belt formed along the northern margin of the Yunkai Block. During the later Triassic time, the further spreading of the Palaeo-South China Sea and the southward subduction of the Paleo-Tethys in western Guangxi and northern Vietnam led to the forming of a Indosinian magmatic arc with a molasse belt on the north of the Permian orogenic belt. This was also an important part of the closure process of the east Paleo-Tethys. Before the opening of the South China Sea at the early Cenozoic, the Nansha Block to the north of the Palaeo-South China Sea might connect with the Yunkai Block. Its total area may exceed 500,000 km2 and play an important role in the geological evolution of the Southeast Asia.

This paper is concerned about the study of well logging sedimentary facies of East Fukang Slope in Junggar Basin.It mainly applied common well logging data,dip logging data and image logging data to analyse and define the sediment and the sedimentary facies.The treatment of ANN lithofacies showed that typical delta facies included delta-front distal bar,mouth bar,subaqueous branch channel,interdistributary estuary,delta-plain branch channnel and interbranch channnel in ascending order.The correlation of lithofacies and logging section showed almost no difference,which contributed to the analysis of facies sequence and sedimentary system in the region.The definition of paleocurrent system showed that sediment source was mainly located in the north of Kelameili Montain, and there was a minor sediment source in the south of Beisantai region during Badaowan and Sangonghe formations deposited.In the end,Comprehending the lithologic section from the treatment and interpretation of common well logging data,the interpretation results of sedimentologic dip logging(including sedimentary structure and paleocurrent) on base of the core correction and ANN treatment results,we established the well logging sedimentary parfacies and minifacies model of Jurassic system in key well in East Fukang Slope.

With several methods such as analysis of detritus component ,analysis of heavy mineral component, dip log, and thickness of strata, the paper analyzes sedimentary source and paleocurrent direction of Jurassic, ChePaizi District, north-west edge of Junggar Basin. Analysis of detritus component indicates the overall progressing direction of sedimentary source, analysis of heavy mineral component makes the main passage of source clear, dip log data gives accurate paleocurrent direction in the place of each well with this kind of data, but each of these three methods has a disadvantage with low data covering rate and high variety of covering density in 2-demensional space. In contrast, isolate map of strata from seismic data can be used to give prediction of paleo-topography and paleocurrent direction in much large 2-demensional scale, but it is virtually an indirect predicting method with disadvantage of low accuracy in local place. Integrating the high covering faculty of indirect methods and the high local accuracy of direct methods, a much accurate prediction about paleocurrent direction is put forward in this paper, and based on which a sedimentary facies model of alluvial fan-braided river-river plain sedimentary system is constructed. The model shows that current of alluvial fan progresses in the direction of SEE along the short axle with steep slope for its current energy can keep only in short distance, by contraries, current energy of braided river has the ability of keeping in much long distance, its current progresses in the direction along the long axle with mild slope，namely SE or even SSE. The model is much beneficial to raising the accuracy of turning seismic facies to sedimentary facies.

The Cambrian in the Dongzhi region, southern Anhui, are distributed in three stratigraphic subregions: Lower Yangtze, Jiangnan and the transitional subregions. Each of former two subregions has its own characteristic components for their biota while the transitional subregion has mixed components for its biota. The Dongzhi region is located at the junction between the platform and basin. Sequence stratigraphic study on the outcrops at the platform, ramp and basin has revealed that the Cambrian in this region can be subdivided into three type-II and two type-I depositional sequences from bottom to top. The SMSTs of three typeⅡ sequences of the Early Cambrian are not developed. The two type-II sequences of the late Middle and Late Cambrian are all composed of LST, TST and HST. By analysis of the sequence stratigraphy and the evolution of the sedimentary system tracts, the curve of The sea level curves of these periods have been reconstructed based on analyses of sequence stratigraphy and evolution of depositional systems. The sea level attained its highest position with a fastest rise in the early Early Cambrian. Since then, from the middle Early Cambrian to the end of the Late Cambrian, the sea level experienced a slow, gradual drop.

Being the biggest gas filed of the continental exploration in our country, Kela 2 gas field settle a foundation that Tarim basin is being to the important base of gas energy of "west gas to east" in our country.The main reservoir of Kela 2 gas field is the sandstones of Cretaceous Bashijiqike formation and the lower of Paleogene Kumugeliemu group, and the dolostones of the lower of Paleogene Kumugeliemu group.Thickness of the sandstone reservoir is 220.3-285.2m. Its porosity changes from 1.1% to 22.4%，the average is 12.83%. Its permerbility changes from 0.004×10-3μm2 to 1770.1×10-3μm2, the average is 51.46×10-3μm2. Primary intergranular pors are the main reservoir space. By comparing the sedimentary facies of the cored well and field section, the third member of Bashijiqike formation in Kela 2 gas field is fan delta front depositional facies. The main microfacies include the distributary channel ,gravitite and coastal-shallow lake.The types of rocks are sandy conglomerates, conglomeratic sandstones and brown mudstones.The second member of Bashijiqike formation in Kela 2 gas field is braided delta front depositional facies.The main microfacies include braided channel, distributary mouth bar and interdistributary bay. The types of rocks are brown medium to fine litharenite interbeded thinner mudstones. The first member of Bashijiqike formation in Kela 2 gas field is braided delta plain depositional facies. The main microfacies include braided channel and interdistributary bay. The types of rocks are brown medium to fine litharenite. During Bashijiqike stage,with paleo-climate arrid and torrid, there developed many fan-shaped depositional systems along the north frontier. They are constituted of many braided channel delta plain, and not a only one braided channel delta plain. In Kela 2 gas field, Bashijiqike formation reservoir geometry occures a lot of braided channel arising one erosion after another. Microfacies of every member has steady extensive distribution. Sandbodys connect continuously each other, and muddy partition beds are thinner and not continuous. Being a suit of excellent gas reservoir, Bashijiqike formation reservoir are charactristics of great thickness, extensive distribution, more continuous, high porosity and permeability and a few barrier beds in the space.

The present database was established primarily on the basis of 245 water samples obtained from the Quaternary confined aquifers in 78 hydrologic boreholes recovered during 1960~1985.  The analytic items include the concentrations of K+, Na+, Ca²+, Mg²+, NH4+, Al³+, Cl-, HCO₃-, CO₃₂-, and SO₄₂-, and the values of PH and temperatures.  There were 5 Quaternary aquifers (I-V, from coretop downward) and 1 phreatic (on the core toppest) defined.  Of which, 24 water samples come from aquifer I, 63 from aquifer II, 53 from aquifer III, 70 from aquifer IV, and 35 from aquifer V.  When analysis, parallel test was applied to monitor the precision.  Analytic result was checked according to equilibrium relation of the sum of cations and anions (units in meq/l), and would be retested if the errors were beyond the permissive range.
    In order to study the movement of saltwater-freshwater interfaces in the confined aquifers, total dissolved solids (TDS) in groundwater was used as index of water quality.  Artificial neural network applied as a tool to simulation of the TDS distribution in those 5 aquifers. The results demonstrated that TDS distribution in groundwater, which is in fully agreement with the occurrence of 4-7 marine transgressions in intensity in the study area during Quaternary, is affected by sea level fluctuation.  Saltwater in aquifers IV and V is very localized but fluctuated apparently.  Leakage processes, which may result from groundwater withdraw, most likely influence their movement.  After groundwater formation, leakage action in local area can cause mixing of different layers of groundwater and thus change the water quality.  Data comparison in aquifers II and III were made between 1960s and 1980s.  The result indicates that the freshwater tend to flow outward (northwest and southeastward) from Shanghai city to its suburb area.  This phenomenon is interpreted as heavily reinjection of the freshwater after 1980s, to prevent large-scale subsidence that had occurred during 1960s, due to intensifying human activity, such as underground water exploitation. 

Sha2 formation of Yuanshuang area is one of the main oil-bearing series in West Liaohe Depression.The main oil reservoir is fan-delta front sandbodies. Sedimentary and reservoir property decide oil(gas) accumulation besides plenty of oil sources and good trap condition. Different sedimentary microfacies and hydrodynamics resulted in different sandstone grainsize,sorting and porosity structure. The diagenesis during deep burial changed the reservoir character of fan-delta sandbodies to some extent . Compaction and cementation lowered the porosity and permeability.Solution and dedudation obviously improved the porosity and permeability. The relationship between oil/gas bearing properties and original depositional condition , diagenesis and petrophysical property are studied In this paper, Synthetical evaluation and prediction of advantageous reservoir area were carried out to Sha2 formation,this directs the exploration of the study area greatly.

Based on the research of outcrop and underground data, four 3-order sequences are recognized in the Yanchang Group of Upper Triassic in Shaanxi that is continental clastic sediment composed of fluvial and lacustrine system. The first one is lacustrine sequence while others are fluvial ones. According to the surfaces and genetic units of sequence, stratigraphic sequence can be divided into three part: Low Stand System, Transgressive System and High Stand System. The fluvial sequence develops overflow and marshy sediments during maximum flooding period while the lacustrine sequence develops dark shale. Sequence boundary is the key to recognize sequence on which develops thick multi-storey sandstone. To determine the sequence boundary is challenge because the fluvial surface is so normal in continental sediments and using comprehensive ways is necessary. The main controls of sequence formation is tectonics and climate change in continental sequences. Sequence controls development of petroleum accumulation. This is clear in three aspects: the control for the assemblage of source, reservoirs and caps, the control for distribution of reservoirs and the control for performance of reservoirs.