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JOPC 2014 Vol.16 Number 1
2014, Vol.16 Num.1
Online: 2014-02-01
SPECIAL ISSUE ABOUT “Bauxite in Wuchuan-Zheng′an-Daozhen area, northern Guizhou Province”
LITHOFACIES PALAEOGEOGRAPHY AND SEDIMENTOLOGY
GEOCHEMISTRY AND SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENTS
PALAEOGEOGRAPHY AND MINERAL RESOURCES
 
SPECIAL ISSUE ABOUT “Bauxite in Wuchuan-Zheng′an-Daozhen area, northern Guizhou Province”
1 Du Yuansheng, Zhou Qi, Jin Zhongguo, Ling Wenli, Wang Xiaomei, Yu Wenchao, Cui Tao, Lei Zhiyuan, Weng Shenfu, Wu Bo, Qin Yongjun, Cao Jianzhou, Peng Xianhong, Zhang Zhen, Deng Hu
Mineralization model for the Early Permian bauxite deposits in Wuchuan-Zheng′an-Daozhen area, northern Guizhou Province
The Early Permian sedimentary bauxite deposits of Wuchuan-Zheng′an-Daozhen area in the northern Guizhou Province formed in a half-closed bay near the North Guizhou Plain. During the low sea-level in the glaciations,the bay was separated from the Middle Yangtze Bay and became a seashore lake;in interglaciations,the rising sea-level made the area to connect to the Middle Yangtze Bay again. The area can be divided into four palaeographic anits, i.e., North Guizhou Plain,seashore plain,seashore wetland and half-closed bay.The bauxite mineralization was mainly controlled by penecontemporaneous and/or contemporaneous exposure and leaching process,for the earthy and half-earthy bauxite including the earthy and half-earthy pisolitic,oolitic or clastic ore formed during this period.As comparison,compact bauxite did not have or only had a weak leaching process.Clastic and pisolitic/oolitic bauxite formed through the redepositing of intrabasinal mud crack and the cohesion of intrabasinal colloid respectively.The dynamic mineralization modal of bauxite in Wuchuan-Zhengan-Daozhen area indicate that two periods of the penecontemporaneous leaching are the main metallogenic epoch of the bauxite and the palaeogeographical seashore wetland with intense leaching process is the metallogenic prospect district.
2014 Vol. 16 (1): 1-8 [Abstract] ( 1888 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 1287KB] ( 716 )
9 Cui Tao, Jiao Yangquan, Du Yuansheng, Wang Xiaomei, Lei Zhiyuan, Weng Shenfu, Jin Zhongguo
Sedimentary palaeogeography and its mineralization significance of the Early Permian bauxite in Wuchuan-Zheng′an-Daozhen area,northern Guizhou Province
Based on field geology,hand specimens,distribution characteristics of underlying strata,and thickness of orebody and ore beds,we conducted a comprehensive analysis on the palaeogeography and its relationship with the mineralization process of bauxite in Wuchuan-Zheng′an-Daozhen area, northern Guizhou Province. The results showed that:(1)The sedimentary basin of bauxite is bounded by Wulong area on the north, by Nanchuan area on the northwest, by Yanhe area on the east,and by Suiyang-Fenggang area on the south; (2)The south part of the basin had a higher ancient landform than the north,and the sedimentary environment of bauxite was composed by partly closed bay and shoreland glade,and the good-quality bauxite was almost in the shoreland glade;(3)Sedimentary palaeogeography controlled the thickness of ore beds but not directly controlled the forming of high-grade bauxite.Sedimentary palaeogeography indirectly controlled the forming of high-grade bauxite by controlling sedimentary environment of bauxite when other factors were beneficial.
2014 Vol. 16 (1): 9-18 [Abstract] ( 1744 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 3208KB] ( 634 )
19 Yu Wenchao, Du Yuansheng, Zhou Qi, Jin Zhongguo, Wang Xiaomei, Qin Yongjun, Cui Tao
Provenance of bauxite beds of the Lower Permian in Wuchuan-Zheng′ an-Daozhen area, northern Guizhou Province:Evidence from detrital zircon chronology
The problem about source materials of the sedimentary bauxite beds of Dazhuyuan Formation in Wuchuan-Zheng′ an-Daozhen area,northern Guizhou Province,is still controversial,for underlying strata of the bauxite beds transform from the Silurian Hanchiatien Formation to the Carboniferous Huanglong Formation in different areas.Detrital zircon chronological analysis of the sandstone of Hanchiatien Formation and bauxite beds shows the consistency of age spectrums and indicates the affinity of the basement strata in the Cathaysia Block.The result demonstrates that products from the weathering and laterization of the Hanchiatien Formation provide the materials for the mineralization of the bauxite beds. Meanwhile,the parallel unconformity between the bauxite beds and the Huanglong Formation and the secondary karstic breccia of the Huanglong Formation in the drilling core imply the contribution of the Huanglong Formation for the bauxite beds. Therefore,the Dazhuyuan bauxite beds has multiple sources, i.e. , materials from the Hanchiatien Formation may be the major source,while the Huanglong Formation provided not only the sedimentary place but also partial materials for mineralization during palaeokarst process.
2014 Vol. 16 (1): 19-29 [Abstract] ( 2135 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 2005KB] ( 815 )
30 Yu Wenchao, Du Yuansheng, Zhou Qi, Jin Zhongguo, Wang Xiaomei, Cui Tao
Palaeoclimate of the Early Permian: Evidence from characteristicsof bauxite beds in Wuchuan-Zheng′an-Daozhen area, northern Guizhou Province
Bauxite,as a kind of climatically sensitive deposit,mainly formed during the pedogenesis under the tropical or subtropical climatic condition.The integrated information of major elements and clay minerals from drilling core samples of bauxite beds in Wuchuan-Zheng′an-Daozhen area,northern Guizhou Province,was measured to investigate the palaeoclimate environment during the formation process of bauxite. Chemical index of alteration(CIA)and index of compositional variability(ICV)of samples from bottom to top of the drilling core revealed that CIA increased from 80 to >90,while ICV decreased from 0.8 to 0.1.Both of them indicated the strong chemical weathering which changed composition of bauxite beds greatly. The clay mineral compositions of bauxite beds were dominated by kaolinite,illite and chlorite.Kaolinites,which appeard in debris or matrix,widely distributed in every drilling core and had a high content in most layers;illites mainly appeard in debris,occurring in clay layers of the deposit,with illite crystalline index varying in wide range;while chlorite matrix derived from kaolinite during later diagenesis.High CIA value and clay mineral composition in bauxite beds indicated moist and warm palaeoclimate environment in northern Guizhou Province during the Early Permian which related to palaeogeography position of this area.Change of ICV value in the bauxite beds was related to element migration during leaching process.
2014 Vol. 16 (1): 30-40 [Abstract] ( 1546 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 790KB] ( 595 )
 
LITHOFACIES PALAEOGEOGRAPHY AND SEDIMENTOLOGY
41 Liang Wei, Mou Chuanlong, Zhou Kenken, Ge Xiangying
Lithofacies palaeogeography of the Cambrian in central and southern Hunan Province
Based on the sedimentary characteristics of the Cambrian,the carbonate shelf subfacies,clastic shelf subfacies,mixed shelf subfacies,and deep-water basin facies onto the shelf had been distinguished in the central and southern Hunan Province,which located in the intermediate zone between Yangtze Block and Cathaysia Block.During the Terreneuvian to Early Epoch 2(Meishucun Age-Canglangpu Age),the deep-water basin facies was nearly dominated in the study area,and the clastic shelf subfacies just distributed in the southeastern Hunan Province.In the Late Epoch 2(Longwangmiao Age),due to the relative sea level declining and the scope of the deep-water basin decreasing,the carbonate sediments had gradually been the main deposition of the northwestern study area;meanwhile the scope of the clastic shelf subfacies had kept unchanged.In the Epoch 3(Maozhuang Age-Gushan Age),the carbonate shelf subfacies and clastic shelf subfacies gradually occupied the central Hunan Province from both sides of deep-water basin facies,whose range decreased sharply,and the mixed shelf subfacies with the mixed sediment of carbonates and clasolites developed in the northwestern study area.Till the Furongian(Changshan Age-Fengshan Age),the carbonate shelf subfacies increased tempestuously as the carbonate aggradation,while the deep-water basin facies still kept decreasing.The clastic shelf subfacies developed adjacently to carbonate shelf subfacies,and the mixed shelf subfacies appeared in the southern Hunan Province.In a word,the mixed sediments existed between Yangtze Block and Cathaysia Block,and the sedimentary facies were continuous and integrates.It indicated that Yangtze Block and Cathaysia Block maybe had been in the same neritic area,and its depositional pattern was characterized by water depth that became deeper gradually from the northwest and southeast to the middle in the Cambrian.
2014 Vol. 16 (1): 41-54 [Abstract] ( 1595 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 13431KB] ( 736 )
55 Qi Yong'an, Yang Xiaowei, Dai Mingyue, Li Da, Wang Min, Xing Zhifeng
Evolution of ooids and oolitic limestones and their significancefrom the Cambrian Series 3 in Dengfeng area,western Henan Province
The ooids have the trends to be much smaller in individual and core diameters, much rounder in shape and higher sparry cementation among ooids from bottom to top in the oolitic limestones of the Cambrian Series 3 in Dengfeng area, western Henan Province. These characteristics display the evolution from unstable oolitic limestones of deep continental shelf to much shallower high construction bank shoals. Three stages of oolitic limestones can be distinguished as follow.(1)The oolitic limestones occurred in deep platform slope are dominated by radial and tangential-radial ooids. The ooids have the big size and the higher diversity in their shapes. The filling arounding them is mostly consisted of mud.(2)The oolitic limestones occurred in oolitic shoal front of gentle platform slope contain tangential-radial and tangential ooids and have the variable oolitic content and size. The porosity among ooids occupied by microsparry and sparry calcites.(3)The high construction oolitic shoals of the platform margins are characterized by dolomitic tangential and micritic ooids and have the much higher oolitic content and much smaller size. The porosity among ooids occupied by sparry calcite. The relative water depth become much shallower, the construction environment of oolitic shoals become much perfect and stable, the thickness and distribution of oolitic shoals gradually expand the scales from Member A to Member
2014 Vol. 16 (1): 55-64 [Abstract] ( 1654 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 3831KB] ( 884 )
65 Wang Bingjie, Cai Mingjun, Lin Chunming, Zhang Xia, Cheng Yuanzhong, Qu Changwei, Zhang Ni
Characteristics and origin of lacustrine dolostone of the PaleogeneShahejie Formation in Tanggu area,Bohai Bay Basin
The Member 3 of Paleogene Shahejie Formation,in the Tanggu area of Huanghua Depression,Bohai Bay Basin,was formed in semi-enclosed lake bay environment,with one set of dolostone reservoir developed at its bottom.The dolostone,with a cumulative thickness up to 100 meters,was mainly distributed along the sides of a buried hill as controlled by a NE trending basement fault.Generally,it was interbedded with mudstone in this area.Petrological,mineralogical and geochemical characteristics were studied,which shows:(1)The dolomite minerals are mainly ankerite and ferruginous dolomite,which are micrites under an optical microscope while rhombohedral crystals under a scanning electron microscope(SEM).(2)X-ray diffraction analysis indicates that this kind of micritic dolostone was formed during the penecontemporaneous period,and is the product of rapid crystallization.(3)The analytical result of the carbon and oxygen isotopes and the rare earth elements shows that it was formed in a relatively closed and high salinity evaporitic environment,and owns an unified fluid source and the same genetic mechanism.Based on the above analyses,the author holds the view that the micritic dolostone experienced two stages,namely the seepage-reflux dolomitization during penecontemporaneous period and the isomorphous replacement during burial diagenesis period.
2014 Vol. 16 (1): 65-76 [Abstract] ( 1565 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 7407KB] ( 558 )
 
GEOCHEMISTRY AND SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENTS
77 Hu Lisha, Xu Yajun, Du Yuansheng, Huang Hongwei, Xu Wangchun, Kuang Guodun
Geochemical characteristics and its geological significance of the Late Paleozoic siliceous rocks in Qinfang Trough,southeastern Guangxi
The Late Paleozoic siliceous rocks in the Qingfang Trough were well developed.Based on the analyses of major elements,trace elements and rare earth elements,it was concluded that the Late Paleozoic siliceous rocks contain high content of SiO2 and high silicification degree;the Upper Devonian Frasnian and Lower Carboniferous siliceous rocks have lower Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)value (0.14-0.24;0.07～0.81)and higher U/Th value(0.34～5.09;0.16～10.1),whereas the Famennian and Lower-Middle Permian siliceous rocks have higher Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)value(0.4～0.95) and lower U/Th value(0.1～2.1),illustrating that the Frasnian and the Lower Carboniferous siliceous rocks were influenced by the hydrothermal process but the Famennian and the Lower-Middle Permian siliceous rocks were biogenic origin;Ce/Ce*, LaN/YbN,and LaN/CeN values for the Upper Devonian siliceous rocks are 0.78～1.08,0.4～1.52 and 0.88～1.35,whereas these values for the Lower Carboniferous siliceous rocks are 0.55～0.91,0.12～1.8 and 1.12～1.79,and the Lower-Middle Permian siliceous rocks have Ce/Ce*,LaN/YbN,and LaN/CeN values of 1.01～1.62,0.72～2.71 and 0.62～1.9;Geochemical characteristics of the Late Paleozoic siliceous rocks in the Qinfang Trough indicated that the Qinfang Trough expanded within an epicontinental sea environment during the Late Devonian with hydrothermal activity,then expanded again in the Early Carboniferous with siliceous rocks formed in deep sea basin environment,and in the Early Permian the Qinfang Trough shrinked gradually to a continental margin basin. In a conclusion,the Qinfang Trough is more like a sea basin and may be belong to the Aulacogen of Paleo-Tethys Ocean in Late Paleozoic,and an ocean crust had never been formed.
2014 Vol. 16 (1): 77-88 [Abstract] ( 5810 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 966KB] ( 747 )
 
PALAEOGEOGRAPHY AND MINERAL RESOURCES
89 Xie Qingbin, Li Na, Liu Haotian, He Wenbin, Wang Zhifang
Characteristics and formation mechanism of low porosity-low permeability reservoirs of the Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Jiannan area, eastern Sichuan Basin
Triassic Xujiahe Formation,in Jiannan area of Sichuan Basin,was deposited in a braided river deltaic-lacustrine depositional system. The rock types of reservoirs are lithic sandstone,feldspathic-lithic sandstone and lithic-quartz sandstone,which were developed in braided river delta. The reservoirs in this area are characterized in low porosity and low permeability, with the average values of 5.96％ and 0.044×10-3μm2 respectively, which is mainly caused by sedimentary environment and diagenesis. The reservoirs of Xujiahe Formation were mainly formed in deltaic-braided channel depositional system,and the braided channel changed frequently in side-direction. Thus the sandstone and mud poorly sorted and poorly rounded grains, and low compositional maturity and low texture maturity of sandstone,which was not in favor of the development of primary pores. During early diagenesis process,compaction caused 60%～85% primary porosity loss, while the following cementation further decreased the porosity of 12％～18％ which made the sandstone denser. In addition,the Xujiahe Formation of research area was lack of soluble substances,the content of feldspar and carbonate cement were low,which weakened the dissolution in the later stage. The dissolution increased porosity with an average of 1％,and maximum of 2.5％.
2014 Vol. 16 (1): 89-102 [Abstract] ( 1661 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 5338KB] ( 628 )
103 Li Hongtao, Wu Wenbo, You Yuchun, Long Shengxiang
Sedimentary characteristics and diagenesis of the gas reservoir in theLower Triassic Jialingjiang Formation in Heba area, Sichuan Basin
Based on well logging and seismic data,through observation of core and thin section and scanning electron microscopy,combined with test results of porosity,permeability,trace elements and isotopes,the stratigraphical correlation,sedimentary characteristics,reservoir characteristics and diagenesis of the gas reservoir in Member 2 of Lower Triassic Jialingjiang Formation in Heba area,northeastern Sichuan Basin were analyzed.The results showed that:(1)The Member 2 of Jialingjiang Formation can be divided into Upper,Middle,and Lower Sub-Members, and the main reservoir developed in the Middle Sub-Member dolostone of restricted platform which was dominated by intra-platform shoal,tidal flat and lagoon microfacies.The intra-platform shoal mainly located in the middle of Heba area and was the most favorable sedimentary microfacies for reservoir development.(2)Reservoir rocks mainly include residual (algae-) sand-sized introclast dolostone and fine silt-zized crystalline dolostone with intercrystal(dissolved)pores and intragranular dissolved pores.It was dominated by Ⅲ-type reservoir with low porosity and low permeability.The reservoir space type is fracture-porosity type.(3)Several types of diagenesis were developed,such as micritization,dissolution,cementation or filling,dolomitization,compaction-pressolution and fracturing.The reservoir was mainly controlled by penecontemporaneous meteoric dissolution,burial dissolution and tectonic fracture.(4)The penecontemporaneous meteoric dissolution was the key factor controlling the development of reservoir pores in granular carbonate rocks of the Member 2 of Jialingjiang Formation,and some burial diagenesis,such as dolomitization and burial dissolution,promoted the development of reservoir pores.Thus,the favorable exploration targets were distributed in microtopography uplands and areas where faults and fractures developed.
2014 Vol. 16 (1): 103-114 [Abstract] ( 1765 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 3679KB] ( 627 )
115 Dong Yanlei, Zhu Xiaomin, Geng Xiaojie, Luo Jiaqun, Liu Guilan, Jiang Qiang
Provenance analysis of the Paleogene Hetaoyuan Formation in southeastern Biyang Sag of Nanxiang Basin,Henan Province
Based on the sequence stratigraphic framework,combined with regional geology and results of former researchers,through analysis of data of heavy mineral combinations,lithology sequence of core,lateral change of lithology and logging curve‘s characteristics,seismic reflectors,sandstone thickness and content,the provenances of the Paleogene Oligocene Hetaoyuan Formationin in southeastern Biyang Sag of Nanxiang Basin were analyzed.The result showed that: There existed five provenances in Biyang Sag;The main provenance,Pingshi Provenance(Well B150-Well B285 area),controlled the southwestern sandbodies;The other four provenances are Yangqiao Provenance(Well B102-Well B239 area),Weizhuang Provenance(Well B151-Well B251 area)from the south,Liyuan Provenance(Well B129 area)from the southeast and the Lishuwa Provenance(Well B319 area)from the northeast. These minor provenances just influenced sedimentation of some sequences.
2014 Vol. 16 (1): 115-124 [Abstract] ( 1905 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 3284KB] ( 575 )
125 Ke Weili, Zhang Guangya, Pan Wenqing, Zhang Lei, Zhang Renhuan
Seismic identification and controlling factors on karsted carbonate reservoir for the Yijianfang Formation of Ordovician in Hanikatam area of Tarim Basin

Located on the west monocline of Ordovician buried hill anticline within Lunnan low uplift of the northern uplift,Tarim Basin,the karsted carbonate reservoir of Ordovician Yijianfang Formation of Hanikatam area has many special features like complicated forming factors,strong anisotropy,difficulties on identification,etc.The detailed distribution rules of cave-hole and fracture reservoir of Yijianfang Formation are summarized in this research using special techniques like separated time-window information extraction and Fault Fracture Atttribute(FFA) fracture identification,based on current well-drilling data and seismic interpretation result and guided by research achievement from modern karsted carbonate theories. Using special seismic techniques of stratigraphy CT scanning on palaeochannel,palaeotopography restoration and small fault identification based on Structure Cube volume using optimized mathematics methods,it reveals that the favorite controlling factors on karsted carbonate reservoir development could be high palaeotopography,rich water system and well development of small faults.From the research,it could be concluded that facing on current difficulties on karsted carbonate reservoir exploration,modern karsted carbonate theories,together with well and seismic reflection characteristics and applying all kinds of suitable seismic methods can help to identify different types of karsted carbonate reservoir and carry out effective analysis on controlling factors on such reservoir.
2014 Vol. 16 (1): 125-132 [Abstract] ( 1611 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 3172KB] ( 610 )
133 Fan Erping, Tang Shuheng, Zhang Chenglong, Jiang Wen
Scanning-electron-microscopic micropore characteristics of the Lower Paleozoic black shale in northwestern Hunan Province
This paper scanned systematically the black shale samples of the Lower Paleozoic Niutitang Formation of Lower Cambrian and Longmaxi Formation of Lower Silurian in northwestern Hunan using scanning electron microscope(SEM). The micropore types, characteristics, forming and evolution process were further analyzed.A variety of pores developed in the two sets of black shale can be summarized into three broad categories: Mineral matrix pore,organic pore and microfracture.The mineral matrix pore can be subdivided into intergranular skeleton pore,floccule pore,dissolution pore and matrix intercrystal pore. The organic pore mainly include biological skeleton pore and residual pore of hydrocarbon generation.Original depositional environment and diagenetic process determine the pore system in the shale,and different diagenetic stages control the evolution of pore texture as well as affect the occurrence of shale gas. The complex network of micropores in shale provides the effective space for oil or gas reservoir and the main channel for shale gas seepage,which has an important significance to shale gas accumulation and development.
2014 Vol. 16 (1): 133-142 [Abstract] ( 1570 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 2809KB] ( 889 )
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