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	JOPC 2014 Vol.16 Number 6
	2014, Vol.16 Num.6
	Online: 2014-12-01

	PALAEOGEOGRAPHY AND MINERAL RESOURCES LITHOFACIES PALAEOGEOGRAPHY AND SEDIMENTOLOGY BIOPALAEOGEOGRAPHY AND PALAEOECOLOGY TECTONOPALAEOGEOGRAPHY AND PALAEOTECTONICS GEOCHEMISTRY AND SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENTS PAST AND PRESENT GEOGRAPHIC ENVIRONMENTS AND HUMAN CIVILIZATION

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		2014 Vol. 16 (6): 0-0 [Abstract] ( 550 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 337KB] ( 174 )

PALAEOGEOGRAPHY AND MINERAL RESOURCES

	769	Pang Xiongqi, Li Qianwen, Chen Jianfa, Li Maowen, Pang Hong

		*Recovery method of original TOC* and its application in source rocks at high mature-over mature stage in deep petroliferous basins**
		According to the change of residual hydrocarbon generation materials in the evolution process of source rocks,the geological conceptual model about the TOC recovery was restored, so it proposed a quantitative pattern between TOC evolution and the main controlling factors. Then through giving a certain value for each factor that calculated the TOC recovery coefficient, the TOC evolution charts for muddy source rocks and carbonate source rocks in the case of different kerogen types were made. The main characteristic of this method was able to avoid the deviation that subjective factors and physical simulation experiment conditions might lead to.The results were as follows:With the increasing of thermal evolution level,the residual TOC in source rocks reduced gradually in large hydrocarbon expulsion stages(R_O=0.5％～2.0%); the reduction amount was biggest for source rocks in high mature-over mature stage(R_O>1.2%); the recovery coefficient gradually increased with the increasing of R_O. The TOC recovery coefficients can respectively reached to 3.0,2.0, and 1.4 for muddy source rocks in case of kerogen types Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ;for carbonate source rocks,the TOC recovery coefficients were respectively 3.2,2.2, and 1.5. The practical applications of TOC recovery were exemplified in field.
		2014 Vol. 16 (6): 769-789 [Abstract] ( 1121 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 2001KB] ( 660 )

	790	Peng Jingsong, Liu Shugen, Zhang Changjun, Zhang Rucai, Zhang Jiangtao

		Study on diagenetic heterogeneity of the Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation in front area of Longmenshan Mountains
		With a series of new carbonate gas fields discovered in Sichuan Basin,the front area of Longmenshan Mountains in western Sichuan Basin, where has good petroleum potential, is gradually becoming a target area for large- and middle-scale oil and gas fields. Focusing on the reservoir heterogeneity of the Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation,by means of core description and slice observation, this paper in detail studied the reservoir diagenesis of the Zhongba and Dayuanbao subareas in the front areas of Longmenshan Mountains. The conclusions are:(1)The diagenesis of the Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation is complicated in the front areas of Longmenshan Mountains. And it mainly includes compaction,pressolution,cementation,gypsification,dissolution,recrystallization,dolomitization,silicafication and so on.(2)The hydrothermal fluids from the deep layer invaded into Leikoupo Formation and resulted in extensive hydrothermal dissolution,cementation and dolomitization,influenced by the rifting activity in the final phase of the Middle Triassic.(3)Cementation interrupting and hypergene dissolution controlled by tectonic high points are the main factors that lead to better reservoirs in Zhongba-Qinling subareas than in Tiantaishan subarea. The tectonic background and palaeogeomorphology before inversion of the front area of Longmenshan Mountains determined the diagenetic heterogeneity of Leikoupo Formation,and controlled the distribution of quality reservoir.
		2014 Vol. 16 (6): 790-801 [Abstract] ( 1139 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 7160KB] ( 519 )

	802	Shi Shuyuan, Liu Wei, Huang Qingyu, Qiao Hui, Zhang Yanqiu, Li Bohua

		Paleocave geological modeling in the Ordovician outcrops, Northwest Tarim Basin
		Paleokarst outcrops largely occurred in Northwest Tarim Basin,which provided a good condition for paleocave geological modeling. Combined with outcrop research and Google Earth image,on basis of karst morphology and paleocave architecture characteristics,the large paleocaves could be divided into pipe-hall connected paleocave,single pipe isolated paleocave and streamlined paleocave. There are single paleocave and paleocave group according to their existing forms. Pipe-hall connected paleocave is mainly located in phreatic zone,and its shape contains single lines type,single paleokarst channel type and pipe-hall. The size of hall varies from 50m³ to 50000m³. Single-pipe-isolated paleocave is mainly located in vadose zone,and the shape on section can be circular,ellipse, etc., but the shape on tabular surface is single-streamed pipe. The extending lengths of caves are controlled by the fracture principal orientation. Streamlined paleocave is also located in phreatic zone,distributing along and/or across the strata. Their shape on section is circular,ellipse,lageniform, etc. With the analysis of outcrop structural characteristics,stratigraphic conditions and cave types,we find that pipe-hall connected paleocave is mainly affected by the weathering crust unconformity,and is mainly distributed in Sanjianfang,Wudaoban and Xekar Sections. Single-pipe-isolated paleocave is mainly controlled by unconformity,and distributes in Yijianfang and Liuhuanggou Sections. Streamlined paleocave mainly distributes along both sides of the eroding channel in Xekar Section. Distribution of paleocave group is controlled by various factors. Based on characteristics of large caves and their main controlling factors,a paleocave geological model was proposed. In order to give a guide for forecast of paleokarst reservoir distribution in covering area,the bulk of paleocave group was computed comparing with the volume of “light dot”in North Tarim Basin.
		2014 Vol. 16 (6): 802-815 [Abstract] ( 1622 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 5119KB] ( 445 )

LITHOFACIES PALAEOGEOGRAPHY AND SEDIMENTOLOGY

	816	Xian Benzhong, Zhu Xiaomin, Yue Dali, Zheng Xiujuan

		Current hot topics and advances of sedimentology: A summary from 19th International Sedimentological Congress
		The current research hotspots and advances of international sedimentology has been analyzed based on the data of 19th International Sedimentological Congress,which indicates that global climatic sedimentary record,deepwater sedimentology and event deposition,and carbonate and microbial sedimentology are becoming the three current hot issues in sedimentology besides the continual hot topic: resources sedimentology. Main progresses in global climate sedimentary record came from sedimentary recorders exploration for detailed climate change,climatic environmental and ecological effects and the climate macro-change rules of deep time in a special geological time or a special geological realm. Main advances in deepwater sedimentology and event deposition were embodied in sedimentary process study,such as hydraulic jump and field monitoring of deepwater sedimentary process,and event deposition triggered by earthquake,tsunami,flood,volcanic,etc.,and the turbidite prediction and hydrocarbon exploration. Advances in carbonate and microbial sedimentology were expressed in cold water carbonate deposition and microbial controls on carbonate deposition. Comparison shows that sedimentary study in China focuses on continental facies such as fluvial and lacustrine but seldom on eolian,glacier and coastal environment;focuses on applied resource sedimentology and so forth,but rarely on basic scientific problems such as sedimentary dynamic process study in terms of the study objectives;focuses more on deepwater sedimentation and unconventional resource geology in three hot issues,but confined them to the sedimentary phenomenon description,hydrocarbon exploration and development. Finally,the authors suggest that three breakthrough directions possibly come from more attentions paid to sedimentary dynamic process and source-channel-sink system analysis,and timely introduction of the deepwater and cold carbonate sedimentation and biological geology theory,and global climate change studies with full-use of a large number of scientific drillings and wells information from oilfield drilling.
		2014 Vol. 16 (6): 816-826 [Abstract] ( 1634 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 1052KB] ( 838 )

	827	Li Fengjie, Li Lei, Wei Xu, Yang Yuchuan, Li Junwu, Dai Tingyong, Yang Chengjin, Shi Guixia, Lin Yanbo

		Characteristics of deep water gravity flows sediments in sublacustrine fan of the Chang 6 interval of Yanchang Formation in Huachi area, Ordos Basin
		Base on core observations, well logging and logging, and analyses of sedimentary facies such as petrologic characteristics and primary sedimentary structures,the thick-bedded massive sand bodies of the Chang 6 interval of Yanchang Formation in the Huachi area belong to gravity flow sediments in deep lake. Three types of subfacies are recognized, i.e., inner fan,middle fan and outer fan facies, with the middle fan mainly developed in huachi area. Four sedimentary types, i.e., fluidized sedimentary flows,sandy debris flows,proximal and distal turbidity currents are identified, while the mode of deep water gravity flow in sublacustrine is reconstructed. The deposition of sandy debris flow is the most widely distributed in local area. The sand bodies of sandy debris flow always have the best reservoir physical properties and are the most favorable reservoirs in the Chang 6 interval of Yanchang Formation in Huachi area.
		2014 Vol. 16 (6): 827-834 [Abstract] ( 1576 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 2241KB] ( 677 )

	835	Xie Yecai, Wang Qiang, Long Gui, Zhou Yang, Zheng Zhimin, Huang Xuefei

		Transgressive sequence since the Late Pleistocene in Xiaolan Town-Wanqingsha area, Zhujiang River estuary
		Based on AMS(accelerator mass spectrometry)¹⁴C dating data,analysis of microfossils(foraminifera, ostracoda,diatom),identification of marine bivalve and gastropoda,characteristics of sediment structures and color at the core materials from three standard drilling holes in Zhongshan area,Guangdong Province,combining with the study result of the borehole in adjacent Wanqingsha area,this paper noticed that these four drilling holes, located by E-W direction from the Xiaolan Town to Wanqingsha area, represent the interstream and incised-valley palaeogeographic units at LGM(last glacial maximum) in the Zhujiang River estuary area. Since 9 ka BP(¹⁴C cal age), the incised-valley, which was located in a more restricted sedimentary setting, started to accept the mud sediment, and this is different from in the cutting valley in Changjiang River Delta area and northern China coastal plain where occurred the sandy sediments. At about 7 cal ka BP, the maximum transgression occurred, and transgressive onlap happened upon the LGM weathered layer at interstream area,subsequently the delta formed. According to the correspondence relation between riverine sequence and sea level change,the complete river cycle in which no marine microfossil occurred should be correlated to MIS(marine isotope stage)3 transgression. Based on the buried terrance,and the dating technology cannot make a breakthrough for this segment since over 30 years ago,this paper would consider that there is such a possibility that the regional second thick rich-alluvirum red weathered layer from top to bottom would be sediments of the lowstand system tract of MIS4,and the lowest estuarine sedimentary unit which is rich in organic matter, and in which a few marine bivalves and gastropoda shells can be found, would be belonged to sediments of late MIS5.
		2014 Vol. 16 (6): 835-852 [Abstract] ( 1466 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 4899KB] ( 1040 )

	853	Li Kang, Li Shaohua, Yi Xuefei, Xu Ya'nan, Wang Haoyu, Yu Siyu

		Sandstone injectite 3D reconstruction based on Voxelization
		Sand injectite is one kind of special sand bodies,which injects into surrounding strata after the depositional period. In order to analyze its evolution,a simulation experiment is designed. A 3D reconstruction method based on Voxelization is proposed,and Petrel software is used to simulate the results. Based on experiment slices, the slice photos are pre-processed,and then the data is changed into Gslib fromat. Kriging interpolation algorithm is carried out for the data. The simulation results show that Kriging interpolation algorithm can reconstruct the outlines of sand injectites well. Moreover,characteristic parameters of sand injectites are calculated to depict the shape quantitatively,so that it can provide theoretical models for prediction of lithological reservoir scale.
		2014 Vol. 16 (6): 853-860 [Abstract] ( 1353 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 2684KB] ( 441 )

BIOPALAEOGEOGRAPHY AND PALAEOECOLOGY

	861	Xue Jinzhuang, Hao Shougang

		Phylogeny, episodic evolution and geographic distribution of the Silurian-Early Devonian vascular plants: Evidences from plant megafossils
		Much progress has been made in the understanding of the phylogeny of Silurian-Early Devonian vascular land plants during the past years. However,no consensus has been reached considering the delimitation and subdivision of polysporangiophytes,rhyniopsids,and zosterophyllopsids;the sister-group relationship between zosterophyllopsids and lycopsids is questioned;detailed studies of basal euphyllophytes are needed. The evolutionary history of the Silurian-Early Devonian vascular plants can be divided into two phases:The pre-Pragian prelude phase and the Early Devonian Pragian explosion(burst)phase. The first phase is characterized by initial emergences of representatives of vascular plant major clades. The second is the main phase which witnessed explosive radiation of vascular plant clades. During the Pragian,typical features of lycopsids such as regular phyllotaxy,sporophylls,and strobilus-like structures appeared;the diversification of euphyllophyte lineages occurred;megaphylls and their homologous structures(branch-leaf complexes)evolved multiple times independently;and developmental interrelationship between sporangia and leafy structures convergently established in different lineages. In South China of the northeastern Gondwanan phytogeographic unit,zosterophyllopsids were dominated by those with spirally arranged sporangia and euphyllophytes showed high diversity and disparity during the Pragian,while in the Laurussian phytogeographic unit,zosterophyllopsids with rowed sporangia were abundant and the appearance of comparable euphyllophytes occurred later than in South China. The cladogenesis of horneophytopsids,cooksonioids,and rhynialeans might have mainly occurred at middle and high paleolatitudes such as southern Laurussia and northwestern Gondwana. The cladogenesis and biogeographic radiation of zosterophyllopsids,lycopsids,and euphyllophytes may accord with the “out of the tropics”model,that is,these groups diversified and rapidly radiated earlier at low paleolatitudes;the explosion of vascular plant clades in Pragian was mainly contributed by the evolutionary novelty of tropical floras.
		2014 Vol. 16 (6): 861-877 [Abstract] ( 1653 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 3288KB] ( 616 )

	878	Fan Ruoying, Gong Yiming

		Achievements,problems and frontiers of marine ichnology
		Marine ichnology mainly discusses marine invertebrate trace fossils and embraces a long history of more than 200 years,which dates back as far as the Renaissance-the Age of Naturalists. After the Age of Fucoids,Period of Controversy,and the Development of the Modern Approach,marine ichnology is currently in the Modern Era. Key events in the history of marine ichnology include:The preliminary study of marine ichnofossils by naturalists such as Leonardo da Vinci,clarification of “fucoids”as animal traces through experiments by A.G. Nathorst,ethological classification of trace fossils by Adolf Seilacher,establishment of Senckenberg am Meer in Germany by Rudolf Richter,and the proposition and practice of the ichnofacies and ichnofabrics concepts. However,with the vast development of computer and life sciences,along with much progress in experimental tools,a period of interdisciplinary ichnological studies dictate. This review acknowledges the rich legacies of ichnology in the past and highlights three promising areas where marine ichnology can go:(1)three-dimensional morphological reconstruction and behavioral simulation(morphogenesis)of traces fossils;(2)comprehensive ichnotaxonomy incorporating multi-scale geometrical description,such as topology and fractal geometry;and(3)application of geochemical and geobiological analyses. Intensive studies on these three topics will render important messages to the interpretation of fossil behaviors,their palaeobiology,as well as organism-environment interaction and co-evolution on various scales.
		2014 Vol. 16 (6): 878-896 [Abstract] ( 1714 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 2789KB] ( 851 )

TECTONOPALAEOGEOGRAPHY AND PALAEOTECTONICS

	897	Li Qiang, Zhang Ge, Sun Xiaodong, Wu Genyao, Liu He, Li Chunbai, Wang Jinkui, Liu Shaojun, Gao Geng, Zhu Defeng

		Sedimentary features and its tectono-palaeogeographic significance of the Lower Cretaceous Tongbomiao Formation in Tanan sag, Tamtsag Basin, Mongolia
		The Tongbomiao Formation is a record of initial rifting stage of the Tamtsag Basin in Mongolia during the Early Cretaceous. Constrained by both the violently rolling topography of the Upper Jurassic basement and the contemporaneous normal faulting,the sediments with fan delta facies were developed during early depositional period of the Tongbomiao Formation in Tanan sag. The normal faulting is tending towards calm during the late depositional period of the Tongbomiao Formation,and the fan delta and lacustrine sandstone and mudstone occurred in study area. Based on granulometric analysis,well logging sedimentary facies analysis and facies changes along the section lines,the sedimentary features of fan delta facies and lacustrine facies are concluded in this paper,and the planar distribution of the sedimentary facies belts of Tongbomiao Formation in Tanan sag is drawn. Only an embryonic form of Tanan sag occurred during the depositional period of Tongbomiao Formation. Correspondingly,there were multiple and relatively isolated depositing centers,which were connected together and became linear subsidence belts with NE-orientated elongation by further activities of the contemporaneous normal faults during the depositional period of Nantun Formation,when the sag expanded westwards.
		2014 Vol. 16 (6): 897-906 [Abstract] ( 1338 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 2097KB] ( 432 )

	907	Wu Genyao

		Late Paleozoic evolution of south branch of Central Asian Orogenic Belt: With reference to creation of the Middle-Late Permian residual marine basins bordering Mongolia and China
		The south branch of the Paleo-Asian Ocean,being a complicated archipelago,could be divided into the west,middle and east segments by the NNE-orientated transform faults. The oceanic crust created and subducted earlier in the west segment,and western Mongolia became a landmass in the Permian. Simultaneously,there developed the Zuunmod oceanic basin and several residual marine basins in central-eastern Mongolia and neighboring regions. The NEE- to WE-orientated oceanic basin,the NW-striking Adaatsag suture(shear zone)and the NNE-striking Erdenedalai trough made up a Permian three-armed structure. The oceanic realm of the middle segment could be divided into two sub-oceanic basins,distributing respectively in central Gobi and southern Gobi areas. The oceanic crust of the former subducted northwards. After the disappearance of the ocean,a residual marine basin with an age of Middle-Late Permian,named the Ondorsht basin,occurred in the former fore-arc region. The oceanic crust in southern Gobi area and western Inner Mongolia subducted southwards,accompanied with occurrence of an intra-oceanic arc(the Zoolen Arc)and a continent marginal arc(the Yagan-Suoguozhuo Arc). After the disappearance of the ocean,the residual marine basins formed in the former back-arc regions during the Middle Permian,and named the South Gobi and Guaizihu basins respectively. A similar tectono-palaeogeographic evolution during the Late Paleozoic occurred in the east segment(the east Mongolia and east Inner Mongolia),and the residual Middle Permian marine basins,named the Zhesi and Wujiatun basins,once linked up with the South Gobi basin. During the Late Permian,the marine South Gobi and Guaizihu basins continued to develop,where the thick coal-bearing strata or coarse clastic and volcanic rocks deposited respectively. Nowadays,the eastward stretch of South Gobi basin is intercepted by a magmatic arc. The Zhesi basin closed and the continental Linxi basin occurred during the Late Permian in eastern Inner Mongolia. Whereas in southwestern Mongolia,the marine invaded along two narrow swales near Chandmani during the late Late Permian,and deposited the middle-upper part of coal measures of the Tavan Dolgoi Formation.
		2014 Vol. 16 (6): 907-925 [Abstract] ( 1430 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 5352KB] ( 729 )

GEOCHEMISTRY AND SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENTS

	926	Hu Junjie, Li Qi, Fang Nianqiao, Yang Jingyi, Huang Jing, Chen Ruoyu

		REE geochemical characteristics and geological significance of sedimentary rocks of the Lower Permian Zhanjin Formation in central uplift zone of Qiangtang Basin, northern Tibet Plateau
		There is a hot debate on the Neopaleozoic tectonic evolution history of central uplift zone of Qiangtang Basin,northern Tibet Plateau. The clastic sedimentary strata,with great geological significance for the research on palaeogeography and tectonic setting of study area,were discovered in the Lower Permian Zhanjin Formation of the Well Qiangzi 5 in Jiaomuri area of central uplift zone. Based on the rare earth element(REE)geochemical analysis of 17 samples of silty mudstone and muddy siltstone,the data show that the ΣREE is entirely high,and the ratios of ΣLREE/ΣHREE and La_N/Yb_N indicate that the differentiation is slight. The Ce_anom,Ce/Ce^* and Eu/Eu^* ratios suggest that the sedimentary rocks of Zhanjin Formation formed in a certain depth of shallow water. The La_n/Yb_n values decrease gradually from bottom to top in the Well Qiangzi 5,which reflects that the sedimentary rate at the bottom sequence is lower than at the upper sequence. The REE geochemical characteristics and relative parameters imply that the sedimentary rocks of Zhanjin Formation were mainly derived from the basalt and sedimentary rocks. The critical characteristic parameters,as well as the La-Th-Sc tectonic discrimination diagram imply an arc-like tectonic setting for the depositional basin of Zhanjin Formation.
		2014 Vol. 16 (6): 926-934 [Abstract] ( 1423 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 705KB] ( 589 )

PAST AND PRESENT GEOGRAPHIC ENVIRONMENTS AND HUMAN CIVILIZATION

	935	Tang Jing, Man Zhimin, Yang Yuda

		Reconstruction of characteristics of Meiyu and precipitation in flood season in Shanghai during AD 1800-1813
		Personal diary is a precious proxy data for historical weather and climate reconstruction with high resolution. According to the index of rainfall days recorded in the diary named Zhashanxueren Diary in Shanghai area during AD 1800-1813 in the early nineteenth century when diaries are relatively deficient,this paper reconstructs the characteristics of Meiyu during this period.We distinguish the recorded rainfall days for 5 precipitation grades by which the instrumental daily precipitation of Shanghai Longhua station during AD 1951-1998 is distinguished,so the precipitation of Meiyu and the precipitation in flood season during AD 1800-1813 can be reconstructed according to the regression relationship between rainfall days for 5 grades and precipitation of Longhua station. The results show that:(1)During AD 1800-1813,the average starting date of Meiyu was 10th,June, the ending date was 7th,July, the rainfall days was 20.1 days,the duration of Meiyu was 27.1 days,the precipitation was 257.3 mm,and the precipitation in flood season was 669.5 mm.The annual starting and ending dates of Meiyu were similar with that reconstructed by Yu Xue Fen Cun, but the precipitation of Meiyu was different. (2)As a whole,comparing with meteorological observation data of every 10 years at Longhua station during AD 1951-1998,it is found that the average starting and ending dates of Meiyu during AD 1800-1813 were earlier than present.The rainfall days,duration,and precipitation of Meiyu were a bit larger. The strength of Meiyu was more stronger,and the precipitation in flood season was at moderate level. However,there is no significant difference in the characteristics of Meiyu and the precipitation in flood season between AD 1800-1813 and decadal scale during AD 1951-1998,the characteristics during AD 1981-1990 and AD 1990-1998 are more closer to AD 1800-1813. (3)“Rainfall days, length of Meiyu”as well as the precipitation in flood season have a good correspondence with drought-flood conditions and the spatial distribution characteristics of precipitation indicated by the strength of East Asian Summer Monsoon(EASM),which shows that the used diaries,including the reconstrcution methods and results in the paper are with high reliability.
		2014 Vol. 16 (6): 935-948 [Abstract] ( 1083 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 737KB] ( 491 )

	949	Chen Yinhua, Zhang Keqian

		Reconstruction of rainfall during Meiyu Flood Periods of AD 1180 and 1181 in Jinhua area, Zhejiang Province
		Discovering climatic information from ancient dairies is one of the most important methods for the reconstruction of historical climate. Based on the weather records in the Gengzi Xinchou Diary written by Lü Zuqian in AD 1180 and 1181 of Southern Song Dynasty,the duration and rainfall of Meiyu Flood Periods(from May to June)in these two years in Jinhua area are reconstructed with the statistical regularities from the precipitation data measured in 1954-2012. It is found that both the Meiyu onset dates(MODs)in 1180 and 1181 are earlier compared with the average MODs of nowadays;the precipitation from May to June and the duration of Meiyu Flood Period are a little smaller and shorter than average in 1180,and larger and longer than normal in 1181. The results provided intuitive,favorable evidences for the records of drought and flood disasters during the two years in historical documents.
		2014 Vol. 16 (6): 949-953 [Abstract] ( 1047 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 552KB] ( 491 )

	955	Li Tuoyu, Mo Duowen, Hu Ke, Wang Haibin, Zhang Yifei, Ren Xiaolin

		Study on man-land relationship from the Yangshao cultural period to the Eastern Zhou Dynasty in southern Shanxi Province
		Based on the OSL (Optically Stimulated Luminescence) dating data and the magnetic susceptibilities of sedimentary samples from the Holocene loess profile, the paleotemperature and paleoprecipitation were reconstructed,and combining with the cultural characteristics from the Yangshao cultural period to the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and the distribution ratio of these cultures settlements on different landform types of the southern Shanxi Province,the relationship between Holocene environmental change and cultural evolution in southern Shanxi Province was discussed. The results revealed that the climate was warm and humid during the early-Yangshao and mid-Yangshao periods,with the paleosol originated from active pedogenic processes,which promoted the generation and development of culture. The climate changed from warm-humid to warm-dry during the late-Yangshao culture period,which effected the development of culture. The climate was cooler and drier than before during Longshan culture period,but it was still warmer and wetter than present,the drier climate might promote ancestors to live near the water catchment area,and the production technology gradually increased,which promoted the fast development of culture. The climate continued to be cool and dry during the Xia,Shang and Western Zhou Dynasties,and the development of culture was restricted. In the Eastern Zhou Dynasty the climate was still cool and dry,however,with the evolution of human society,the restriction of environment to culture decreased gradually. Most of the archaeological settlements located on the landforms that were suitable for agricultural production,such as alluvial plain,loess tableland and piedmont sloping plain. With the climate turning to be cool and dry gradually after Longshan culture period,the scope of human activity showed a tendency from loess tableland and piedmont sloping plain to alluvial plain.
		2014 Vol. 16 (6): 955-962 [Abstract] ( 1489 ) [HTML 0KB] [PDF 3204KB] ( 498 )