JOPC
Advanced Search
Subscription
Email Alert
Home
|
About JOPC
|
Editorial Board
|
Before Submission
|
Subscription
|
Download
|
Publication Ethics
|
Editorial Office
|
Chinese
News
Search in CSB
Adv Search
·
Mourn deeply for the former Chief-editor Professor FENG Zengzhao
·
To readers and anthors
more>>
Office online
·
Online Submission
·
Peer Review
·
Scientific Editor
·
Editor Work
·
Editor-in-chief
Journal online
·
Forthcoming Articles
·
Current Issue
·
Next Issue
·
Browse by Year
·
Browse by Section
·
Archive By Volumn
·
Advanced Search
·
Email Alert
·
Links
·
《Petroleum Science》
·
Periodical Press of CUP
·
China University of Petroleum (Beijing)
·
《Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science)》
·
《ACTA PETROLOGICA SINICA》
·
《Geology in China》
·
《China Geology》
·
《ACTA GEOCHIMICA》
·
《geochimica》
·
《GEOTECTONICA ET METALLOGENIA》
·
China Geoscience Journal Portal
·
《Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry》
JOPC 2015 Vol.17 Number 5
2015, Vol.17 Num.5
Online: 2015-10-01
GENERAL
BIOPALAEOGEOGRAPHY AND PALAEOECOLOGY
LITHOFACIES PALAEOGEOGRAPHY AND SEDIMENTOLOGY
PALAEOGEOGRAPHY AND MINERAL RESOURCES
GEOCHEMICAL SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENT AND PALAEOCLIMATE
GENERAL
577
Mei Mingxiang, Gao Jinhan
Origin of photosynthesis:An enchanting and important scientific theme
The origin of photosynthesis is such an ancient event that definitive evidence as to how this essential biological process began and developed may be lost forever,such as the nature of the earliest photosynthetic organisms as well as the problem dealing with how photosynthetic organisms obtain their photosynthetic apparatus;thus,studies on the origin of photosynthesis became an important and enchanting scientific theme. Nevertheless,some evidence can be assembled from a variety of sources,including geology,biogeochemistry,comparative biochemistry and molecular evolution analysis,which begin to give some insights into the complex origin and evolutionary history of photosynthesis that chiefly deal with several aspects as follows:(1)the origin of photosynthetic life;(2)the origin of photosynthetic apparatus;and(3)the origin of photosynthetic catalysts. It is very meaningful to pursuit and to summarize some important cognitions enriched-wisdom resulted from both the lasting research and hardworking effort by scientists,which can provide important studying clues and thinking approaches for the further researches of this fascinating scientific. Furthermore,it is also meaningful to trace the advancement on the study of the origin of photosynthesis for the further understanding of the sophisticated coupling process among earth spheres in the early time,which are as follows:(1)the transformation from the anoxygenic to the oxygenic photosynthesis;(2)a complex interaction and its synergetic evolution between the biosphere and the atmosphere;(3)a sophisticated evolutionary process from a anoxic to an oxic atmosphere generated by the origin and evolution of the oxygenic photosynthesis;(4)a major long-term effect on Earth-surface environments and the development of life that is benefited from the progressive oxygenation of the atmosphere and hydrosphere;and(5)the molding of the palaeogeographical version of the early Earth and so on. More importantly,some geological especially for sedimentological thinking on the origin of the photosynthesis and some important cognitions,though are not conclusions,have broaden the studying domain of sedimentology and widen the field of view of sedimentologists. Ultimately,these researches become a scientific paradigm that is applied with multi-subjects.
2015 Vol. 17 (5): 577-592 [
Abstract
] (
1019
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
1036KB] (
672
)
593
Wang Nengsheng, Kuang Hongwei, Liu Yongqing, Peng Nan, Xu Huan,Zhang Peng, Wang Mingwei, Wang Baohong, An Wei
Taphonomic characteristics of the Late Cretaceous cluster dinosaur fossils in eastern China and comparison between domestic and abroad
This paper analyzes the Late Cretaceous dinosaur bones according to stratigraphic successions,dinosaur species,articulation and association,diversity,the quantity and quality of preservation and the arrangement of dinosaur fossils from the eastern China by method of taphonomy and sedimentology, and make a comparison between demestic and abroad from the points of occurrence age, and taphonomic facies and characteristics. The studies suggest that: Although the concrete preservation times are different,the species, taphonomic facies and characteristics are similar,which reflecting the similarity of palaeoenvironment, palaeoecology, and palaeoclimate during the Late Cretaceous in a global scale. (1)The burial process of dinosaur bones in China during the Late Cretaceous can be divided into two stages: the early stage of Cenomanian and the late stage of Santonian to Maastrichtian. Foreign burial events appeared during the late Campanian in America and Mongolia,and the Campanian-Maastrichtian transitional period and Maastrichtian in Europe. (2)In China,bones were buried mainly in purple rocks of alluvial fan facies and fluvial facies,and the dinosaur species are mainly Ornithopod hadrosaurs and theropods. Compared with dinosaur mass extinction abroad, they were mainly preserved in lacustrine and flood plain. Hadrosaurs and ceratopsids were flourishing in America and Mongolia, while dinosaurs in Europe and Mongolia are different. The characteristics are different in different successions,which are closely related with palaeogeography,palaeoenvironment and palaeoclimate. (3)By combination of taphonomic and basin evolution characteristics,it concluded that burial types are autochthonous and allochthonous,and the probable burial comprehensive factors are: the change of palaeogeography,volcanism,high temperature
etc.,
then a taphonomic model were built. It is significant for further study of bone taphonomy and palaeogeography,palaeoenvironment and palaeoclimate,and proposes many new materials and evidence for the research of palaeogeography,palaeoenvironment and palaeoclimate.
2015 Vol. 17 (5): 593-610 [
Abstract
] (
1330
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
3238KB] (
514
)
611
Zhang Lijun, Hu Bin, Qi Yong'an, Song Huibo,Zheng Wei, Niu Yongbin, Xing Zhifeng, Fan Ruoying
Ichnofabric studies linking past, present and future: Outline of the 13th International Ichnofabric Workshop
The 13th International Ichnofabric Workshop was held at the Kochi University,Japan during May 14-21,2015. Five topics were discussed,which included:(1)The evolutionary palaeoecology of trace fossils and functional morphologic and taphonomic analysis of complex trace fossils. (2)Classification and definition of trace fossils and palaeoenvironmental analysis are basic and major components of ichnology. (3)Neoichnology is the key to palaeoichnology.(4)Three-dimensional modeling of ichnology and ecology will be a very handy pedagogic tool for science popularization in ichnology and ecology. (5)Ichnofabric had obtained important fruits in the application of petroleum prospection. The application of new technology,especially the multidisciplinary ideas will greatly promote the development of ichnology.
2015 Vol. 17 (5): 611-615 [
Abstract
] (
829
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
452KB] (
318
)
BIOPALAEOGEOGRAPHY AND PALAEOECOLOGY
617
Deng Shenghui, Shang Ping, Lu Yuanzheng, Zhao Yi, Li Xin, Fan Ru, Dong Shuxin
A late Early Jurassic flora from Xilinhot Basin of Inner Mongolia,with discussions on coeval climate in China
The flora from the Jurassic Hongqi Formation of the Xilinhot Basin,Inner Mongolia,North China,is composed of 37 species in 21 genera:
Equisetites
sp. and
Neocalamites
sp. of Equisetales;
Hausmannia ussuriensis
Kryshtofovich,
H. leeiana
Sze,
Coniopteris bella
Harris,
C.
sp.,
Eboracia lobifolia
(Phillips)Thomas,
Todites williamsonia
(Bronign.)Seward,
Cladophlebis angutula
(Heer)Fontaine,
Cl. asiatica
Chow et Yeh,
Cl.
cf.
asiatica
Chow et Yeh,
Cl. haiburnensis
(L. et H.)Bronigniart,
Cl. hsiehiana
Sze,
Cl. lobifolia
(Phillips)Bronigniart,
Cl.ingens
Harris,
Cl.pseudoraciborskii
Srebrodolskaja,
Cl. shansiensis,Cl. scariosa
Harris Sze and
Cl.
sp. nov. of Filicopsida;
Anomozamites turkmenicus
Burakova,
Nilssoniopteris angustifolia
Wang,
Ptilophyllum contiguum
Sze,
Pterophyllum
sp.,
Nilssonia
sp. nov. and
Ctenis
sp. of Cycadopsida;
Ginkgoites ferganensis
Brick,
Ginkgoites hottonii
(Sternb.)Heer,
Phoenicopsis angustifolia
Heer,
Czekanowskia setacea
Heer,
Cz. latifolia
Turutanova-Ketova and
Sphenobaiera
sp. of Ginkgopsida;
Elatocladus
sp.1,
Elatocladus
sp.2,
Podozamites eichwaldi
Schimper,
Pityophyllum longifolium
(Nath.)Moeller and
Pityophyllum
sp. of Coniferopsida and seed
Carpolithus
sp. The flora is characterized by abundant ferns and appearance of
Coniopteris
and
Eboracia
of the Dicksoniacea and some thermophilous elements. The thermophilous plants include dipteridaceous fern
Hausmannia
and
Ptilophyllum
of Bennettitales. The age of the flora is late Early Jurassic and most possibly the Toarcian. The age of the Hongqi Formation is chiefly late Early Jurassic and its upper part is possibly the early Middle Jurassic. The appearance of the climate sensitive plants,particularly the south-type(thermophilous)elements,indicates that the Xilinhot Basin was located in the warm temperate zone-subtropic zone during the late Early Jurassic. It was warmer than that of the early Early Jurassic and early Middle Jurassic,indicating a temperature raising event in the late Early Jurassic. Based on the palaeontological and sedimentary data, there existed 5 palaeoclimatic regions during the late Early Jurassic in China,namely the eastern Heilongjiang warm-cool climatic region,North China warm-temperate and warm-humid climatic region,central China tropic-subtropical semi-arid and semi-humid climatic region,central-southern China tropic-subtropical arid climatic region and the Tibet-western Yunnan tropical arid climatic region. The boundary between the warm-temperate warm-humid climatic region and the tropic-subtropical semi-arid and semi-humid climatic region was about 4-8 degrees of latitude northwards than both in the early Early Jurassic and early Middle Jurassic,also indicating a temperature arising event occurred in the late Early Jurassic. This climatic event most possibly happened in the Toarcian of Early Jurassic and is likely the response of the terrestrial ecological system to the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event(T-OAE).
2015 Vol. 17 (5): 617-634 [
Abstract
] (
1356
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
1714KB] (
743
)
LITHOFACIES PALAEOGEOGRAPHY AND SEDIMENTOLOGY
635
Wang Zhaoming, Zhang Lijuan, Sun Chonghao
Classification,period and exploration for carbonate karstin the Ordovician,Tarim Basin
The marine carbonate rocks of the Ordovician has become one of the most important exploration and development targets in Tarim Basin, while karstification is one of the key factors to form the high-quality carbonate reservoirs. The carbonate karstic classification scheme is not unified in the Tarim Basin and the karstic terminology is not clearly defined, so the present usage on the production is of great difficulty. The karst reservoir characteristics and distribution varies in different areas,formations and periods,which are analyzed in this paper. Classification on carbonate karst of the Ordovician in Tarim Basin was worked out according to its origin and main controlling factors. The carbonate karst can be classified into 3 types,namely the weathering karst,reef body karst and buried karst. The weathering karst can be divided into 2 sub-types,
i.e.,
the buried-hill karst and the interlayered karst. The reef body karst,interlayered karst and buried-hill karst are the most important exploration targets in Tarim Basin. Moreover,the karst forming-period in the Ordovician can be classified into 5 periods which is based mainly on the tectonic movement. Study on different types of karstic features and distribution is carried out and the exploration thought for the three important karsts is proposed. Summarily, this study unified the karstic classification and periods, which can guide the petroleum exploration and development, as well as further research work. It has crucial theoretical guidance and practical application.
2015 Vol. 17 (5): 635-644 [
Abstract
] (
959
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
2833KB] (
322
)
645
Du Yelong, Cheng Yinhang, Li Yanfeng, Li Min, Hu Xiaojia,Zhang Yong, Zhang Tianfu, Niu Wenchao
Sedimentary facies of the Middle-Lower Devonian Niqiuhe Formationin East Ujimqin Qi of Inner Mongolia
The Middle-Lower Devonian Niqiuhe Formation,with about 1000m thick,developed at the East Ujimqin Qi of Inner Mongolia. It mainly consists of mudstone,siltstone and limestone. A great deal of brachiopoda and coral fossils are often found in the siltstone. Storm deposit and the trace fossil of
Beaconites
were found for the first time. The storm deposits consist from the bottom to the top of four segments,namely graded bedding,parallel bedding,hummocky cross-bedding and wavy bedding.
Beaconites
is characterized by pipe wall and horizontal “V”back-packing structure. The research of petrofacies,fossils,storm deposits and
Beaconites
shows that the Niqiuhe Formation in East Ujimqin Qi area belongs to shallow sea facies.
2015 Vol. 17 (5): 645-652 [
Abstract
] (
802
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
1184KB] (
378
)
653
Jing Yuxuan, Liu Jianbo, Yan Zhen, Sun Yongchao, Xu Zhenqing
Reconstructing sea-level changes from types of storm deposits: An example of the Middle and Late Cambrian at Xiaweidian section of Western Hills,Beijing
Storm deposits were extensively developed in the Middle and Upper Cambrian in North China. However,the sedimentary environments of these storm deposits are a matter of debate. Based on careful observation and measurement of the Xiaweidian section in Western Hills of Beijing,North China,five lithofacies are identified, which are further grouped into three lithofacies associations that were deposited in shallow subtidal zone,deep subtidal zone,and shaly basin, respectively. According to the sedimentary textures and structures,49 layers of storm deposits are recognized in the studied section,which are grouped into 4 types(named as:In-situ unbroken,in-situ broken,proximal,and distal storm deposits)and 12 sub-types that were formed in various sedimentary environments. A new sea-level curve is inferred from the changes of storm deposit sub-types in the Middle and Upper Cambrian at western Beijing. This sea-level curve matches well with the curve reconstructed from facies analysis of fair-weather deposits in the studied section,as well as those inferred by previous researches in Beijing and in western Shandong Province,North China. Thus,types of storm deposits can be utilized to reconstruct long-term sea-level changes in the geological history.
2015 Vol. 17 (5): 653-668 [
Abstract
] (
1111
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
3201KB] (
460
)
669
Yi Xuefei, Zhang Changmin, Li Shaohua, Du Jiayuan, Li Kang,Wang Haoyu, Li Xiangyang, Zhou Fengjuan, Yuan Cai
Sand injectite simulation and formation mechanism analysis
Soft sediment deformation is a common geological phenomenon,which has been focused on these years in the field of geosciences, but less study is on the formation mechanism of soft sediment deformation. A set of laboratory simulation device is designed to simulate the formation and evolution of sand injectites in a simplified three layers model in this paper. On the basis of the former simulation experiments,which only took account of the thickness of the overlying coarse sediment layer and the configuration of inlet pipes,the slope angles of terrain are examined to test the influence of three main variables on the structures formed during fluidization. Also,the formation mechanism is discussed. 7 different shape pipes in different types are observed and the pressures are tested during the experiments. The results show that the thicker the overlying layer is,the slower the pressure drops;the sand injectites finally will erupt out of the surface and turn out to be sand extrusions;unstable terrain is conducive to trigger the deformation of soft sediments. It is showed that overpressure is one of the most important conditions. Compaction disequilibrium and hydrocarbon generation are the two main independent controlling factors of different phases for the development and evolution of overpressure in sedimentary basins.
2015 Vol. 17 (5): 669-676 [
Abstract
] (
1039
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
1178KB] (
413
)
PALAEOGEOGRAPHY AND MINERAL RESOURCES
677
Wang Baoyu, Hu Bin, Bai Jianping, Yang Lianchao
Coal-accumulating environments of the Upper Carboniferous-Lower Permian Taiyuan Formation in southeastern Qinshui Basin, Shanxi Province
The Upper Carboniferous-Lower Permian Taiyuan Formation in Qinshui Basin contains important mineable coal seams and coalbed methane resources,and is well exposed in Fucheng town of Lingchuan County in southeastern Qinshui Basin,Shanxi Province. Based on the outcrop section observation and a part of borehole data of the Taiyuan Formation,the paper synthetically analyzed the lithologic features,sedimentary structures,body fossils,trace fossils,sedimentary sequence and some other depositional characteristics.(1)Carbonate rocks of the Taiyuan Formation in this area were formed in two sedimentary environments,
i.e
.,open shallow sea(open platform)and restricted bay(restricted platform),among which,the top of Limestone 1(L
1
),middle-lower part of L
2
,the upper part of L
4
,the top of L
5
,the top of L
7
and the L
8
were formed in a restricted bay environment,and other limestone beds were generated in an open shallow sea environment;(2)Based on the lithologic association characteristics of the Taiyuan Formation coal measures in the study area,six lithologic members were classified,and clastic rocks and coal seams in each member mainly were formed in sedimentary environments including barrier island(sand island),lagoon and tidal flat;(3)After analyzing sedimentary characteristics and sedimentary sequence,11 types of sedimentary sequences were distinguished and 3 types of coal-accumulating environment modes were proposed in the Taiyuan Formation coal measures of this area,including coal-accumulating environment of tidal flat associated with barrier island and lagoon depositional system,the coal-accumulating environment of tidal flat alongside restricted bay(lagoon),and the coal-accumulating environment of coastal tidal flat. The results may provide important information and theoretical supports of sedimentary background for coal and coalbed methane exploration and developing in the Taiyuan Formation of southeastern Qinshui Basin.
2015 Vol. 17 (5): 677-688 [
Abstract
] (
930
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
2528KB] (
322
)
GEOCHEMICAL SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENT AND PALAEOCLIMATE
689
Zheng Yulong, Ma Zhiqiang, Wang Baichang, Yuan Guoli, Qin Jianxun
Geochemistry characteristics and sedimentary environment of oil shale from the Eocene Bahuli Formation in Liushuhe Basin,Heilongjiang Province
Several layers of oil shale were developed in the Eocene Bahuli Formation of Liushuhe Basin,Heilongjiang Province. Based on the characteristics of major,trace and rare earth elements,sedimentary environment of oil shale was analyzed. In the oil shale of Bahuli Formation of Liushuhe Basin,major elements are characterized by rich in Al
2
O
3
,Fe and CaO,and poor in SiO
2
,MgO,Na
2
O and K
2
O;trace elements are generally depleted in different degree,and the amount of rare earth elements(REE)averages 140.7×10
-6
,which show mild enrichment of light rare earth elements. Relatively consistent change trend of rare earth elements indicates that the provenance and sedimentary environment were relatively stable. The ratio of Mn/Ti shows that the transported distance of material composed oil shale experienced changes from far to near,then to far,which reflects that the depth of water changed from deep to shallow,then to deep. The ratios of Sr/Cu and Rb/Sr indicate that the climate was relatively hot and dry. The ratio of Sr/Ba reflects the salt water lake at that time. The ratios of V/(V+Ni),
δ
Eu and the content of organic carbon show that the oil shale was developed in the anaerobic reducing sedimentary environment. As a whole,the oil shale in Liushuhe Basin was developed in the lake with the condition of hot and dry climate,salt water and anaerobic reduction.
2015 Vol. 17 (5): 689-698 [
Abstract
] (
850
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
775KB] (
299
)
699
Ling Chaohao, Long Jin, Jia Yulian, Hong Yijun, Xu Chuanqi, Wang Pengling
Geochemical characteristics and palaeoclimate significanceof the Quaternary laterite of Tutan section in Poyang Lake region,northern Jiangxi Province
The Quaternary laterite was developed in the Tutang section in Poyang Lake region,northern Jiangxi Province,and it was divided into four layers from bottom to top, including the highly developed vermicular laterite layer, the weakly developed vermicular laterite layer, the very weakly developed vermicular laterite layer, the homogenous laterite layer and the Xiashu loess layer. The geochemical characteristics and palaeoclimate of Tutang section was analyzed based on the major element,grain size and chronological data from former researchers,and the conclusions were drawn as follows: (1)All layers of Tutang section are quite coincident in particle size and geochemical characteristics, and they all experienced an intense chemical weathering process. (2)As for the degree of weathering,the Xiashu loess is in the primary stage by leaching Ca and Na;the homogenous laterite almost reaches the secondary stage by leaching K; the very weakly developed vermicular laterite almost finishes the secondary stage by leaching K,and begins to leach Si; the vermicular laterite has been in the late stage by leaching Si. In terms of migration ability,the major elements are ranked as follows: Na
2
O>MnO
2
>CaO>P
2
O
5
>MgO>K
2
O>SiO
2
>Al
2
O
3
>TiO
2
>Fe
2
O
3
. (3)The climate of the Poyang Lake region in northern Jiangxi Province since the Middle Pleistocene changed from warm-wet to cool-dry generally,and the alternate dry and wet fluctuations were oprious, which suggested that the strong eluviation and alternate dry and wet fluctuations are the important driving factors to form the vermicular laterite.
2015 Vol. 17 (5): 699-708 [
Abstract
] (
795
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
1187KB] (
393
)
709
Li Yikai, Zhang Li, An Ling, Yang Yue
Temperature rise in eastern area of northern foot of Tianshan Mountains in AD 1757-1774 recorded by historical documents
In this paper,a lot of historical documents were collected to restruct temperature change in the eastern area of northern foot of Tianshan Mountains during the mid-late 18th century. There were abnormal frost dates and snow falls in Barkol,and the documents showed temperature rise in AD 1757-1774. Furthermore,some perception records on warm explained the same rise in the Urumchi. Therefore,the historical documents recorded a warm period in the northern foot of Tianshan Mountains in AD 1757-1774. Combining with the existing research results by tree-ring and the social background, temperature rise recorded by the historical documents was analyzed and understood essentially. As a matter of fact,the rise was relative to the 10-20s of the 18th century,not to the 30-50s. Since the social background would influence the reliability of historical documents, is is essential to focus on it to restruct the temperature change according to the historical documents.
2015 Vol. 17 (5): 709-717 [
Abstract
] (
1018
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
915KB] (
365
)
