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	JOPC 2017 Vol.19 Number 3
	2017, Vol.19 Num.3
	Online: 2017-06-01

	MULTI-ORIGIN OF SOFT-SEDIMENT DEFORMATION STRUCTURES AND SEISMITES LITHOFACIES PALAEOGEOGRAPHY AND SEDIMENTOLOGY GEOCHEMISTRY AND SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENTS SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY AND PALAEOGEOGRAPHY NEW TECHNIQUES AND NEW METHODS

MULTI-ORIGIN OF SOFT-SEDIMENT DEFORMATION STRUCTURES AND SEISMITES

	393	Tian Hongshui, Zhu Jiewang, Wang Hualin, Zhang Zengqi, Zhang Banghua, Zhang Shenhe

		Spatio-temporal distribution and significance of seismic event horizon in the Yishu Fault Zone and its adjacent area
		The Yishu Fault Zone cut through the central part of Shandong Province and it belongs to the middle segment of the Tanlu Fault Zone. So far,25 seismic event horizons have been identified from Neoproterozoic-Cenozoic strata within the Yishu Fault Zone and its adjacent area . Names of these seismic event horizons are derived from some lithostrata with seismic records of different times or ages. Most of seismic records are seismites,but a small quantity of records are seismic volcanic rocks in these horizons. Spatio-temporal distribution features of seismic event horizons support that the history of generating,activity and development of the fault zone is divided into two stages: The Palaeo-Tanlu Fault Zone stage (from Neoproterozoic to Paleozoic) and the Mesozoic-Cenozoic stage. The formation of the ductile-shear zone with the NNE trending from the central part of Shandong to the northern part of Jiangsu-Anhui linked up the transform faults with the NEE trending between the Qinling-Dabie Ocean and the Sulu Ocean in the initial Neoproterozoic,which may be the origin mechanism of the Yishu Fault Zone or the Palaeo-Tanlu Fault Zone. In the vertical,8 seismic event horizons were formed during the Palaeo-Tanlu Fault Zone stage,therein,5 seismic event horizons densely distributed in Nanhuain to Lower-Middle Cambrian;however,17 seismic event horizons were formed in the Mesozoic-Cenozoic stage,in which 12 horizons densely distributed in Cretaceous-Paleogene. Therefore,the Nanhuain to the Early-Middle Cambrian and the Cretaceous to the Paleogene were the two time intervals of frequent respectively and strong seismic events developed during the two stage. In the two different development stages,tectonic-dynamic sources of seismic activity of the fault zone were different: The dynamic source mainly came from the opposite movement or collision between the North China Plate and the Southern China Plate in the Palaeo-Tanlu Fault Zone;but during the Mesozoic-Cenozoic stage,that mainly from the subduction of the Pacific plate toward the Eurasian plate. In the horizontal,15 seismic event horizons distributed in the fault zone or extended from the fault zone to its both sides,which reflects that the Yishu Fault Zone has been the main part of seismogenic structures in the research area. All of these seismic event strata distributed in syn-sedimentary basins within 150~180,km on both sides of the longitudinal axis of the fault zone,which proves that peripheries on the two sides of the deep fracture zone have been active areas of strong tectonic earthquakes. Expounding and diagrams on the time-space distribution of seismic event horizons have reconstructed the basic process and the history of seismic action of the Yishu Fault Zone for the first time,and clearly delineated the influence scope of the long-active seismic zone in the paper,which are important significance not only to analyze earthquake-induced soft sediment deformations and seismic action in the such large active fault zone and its vicinities,but also to evaluate seismic damage effects surface and buildings in such seismic zone.
		2017 Vol. 19 (3): 393-417 [Abstract] ( 1612 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 4420KB] ( 401 )

LITHOFACIES PALAEOGEOGRAPHY AND SEDIMENTOLOGY

	419	Cao Yingchang, Wang Sijia, Wang Yanzhong, Yang Tian, Zhang Shaomin, Zhang Huina

		Sedimentary characteristics and depositional model of slumping deep-water gravity flow deposits:A case study from the middle Member 3 of Paleogene Shahejie Formation in Linnan subsag,Bohai Bay Basin
		Based on drilling cores,logging data,the types,characteristics and model of deep-water gravity flow deposits in the middle Member 3 of Paleogene Shahejie Formation in Linnan subsag were studied according to core observation,thin-section identification and grain size analysis. The research shows that the deep-water gravity flow deposits in the middle Member 3 of Shahejie Formation in Linnan subsag of Bohai Bay Basin are mainly developed of three kinds of sedimentary types: Slumping deposits,debris flow deposits and tubidity current deposits. The convolute bedding,liquefied sandstone vein, small terraced fault and superposition between deformed rock and undeformed rock are the typical characteristics of the slumping deposits. The sandy debris flow deposits are well developed in the research area which can be recognized with the mutant bottom contact surface,massive bedding,spliting muddy clastics,khaki muddy gravels and the mutant or irregular top contact surface. The tubidity current deposits can be recognized with marks of the normal gradings,erosional basal surface,flute casts,thin interbedding of sandstone and mudstone and the incomplete Bouma Sequence. Slumping deposits mainly developed in the root of the delta front slope while sandy debris flow deposits developed in the front of the slump deposits. Debris flow was diluted and transformed to turbidity current gradually during its forward transportation process. The slumping gravity flow deposits can be divided into three parts: Near source deposits,middle deposits and the distal deposits. The near source deposits are mainly composed of slumping deposits with deformation structures and thick massive sandy debris flow deposits. The middle deposits mainly contain sandy debris flow and tubidity current deposits. The distal deposits are dominated by thin bedded turbidite deposits.
		2017 Vol. 19 (3): 419-432 [Abstract] ( 634 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 4451KB] ( 483 )

	433	Yang Wentao, Wu Meng, Yang Lühan, Shi Fei, Liang Ting

		Sedimentary characteristics and tectonic significance of gravity flow deposits of the Lower Jurassic Anyao Formation in Jiyuan Basin,Henan Province
		On the basis of the detailed field work,the authors focus on the gravity flow deposits of the Lower Jurassic Anyao Formation of Jiyuan Basin,Henan Province. Deposits of slump,sandy debris flow and turbidity current are identified through the systematic researches on lithologic characteristics,sedimentary structures and sequences. Slump deposits are characterized by the mixed sandstones and mudstones,sliding deformation and convolute mudstone fragments. The sandy debris flow deposits are usually of massive structures. The grains with matrix supported are poor sorted and rounded. Limestone gravels are often floating in the sandstone strata. The most common turbidity current deposits can be divided into two types: One with nomal grading beddings and the other is composed of thin interbedded sandstones and mudstones. They all can be described with the Bouma sequence. Three evolutive sequences of the gravity flow deposits are identified from the bottom to the top. Sequence A records a conversion of slump deposits into sandy debris flows,then into turbidity currents and finally into deep lacustrine deposits. Sequence B represents superimposition of sandy debris flows and turbidity currents. Sequence C is composed of turbidity currents and deep lacustrine deposits. The gravity flow deposits are controlled by the thrusting of Qinling Orogen along the Sanmenxia-Lushan-Wuyang fault during the Early Jurassic. The sedimentary evolution of the gravity flow deposits can be used to demonstrate the waning orogensis of the Qinling Orogen.
		2017 Vol. 19 (3): 433-444 [Abstract] ( 618 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 2197KB] ( 473 )

	445	Yang Fan, Li Xiaoze

		Discussion about origin of the Paleogene Sikouzi Formation sandstones in Guyuan,Ningxia
		The Paleogene Sikouzi Formation sandstones in Guyuan,Ningxia provide great potential for understanding paleo-environment of the Paleogene inland in China. Based on the lithology,sedimentary structures,surface features of quartz grains and grain size distribution,the orgin of these red sandstones are intensively discussed. This study indicates that the Paleogene Sikouzi Formation sandstones are with a combination of three kinds of sedimentary members: The Member Ⅰ of Sikouzi Formation is fluvial sediments; the Member Ⅱ of Sikouzi Formation,as the main part of the sandstones,belongs to the typical eolian sandstones,and it can be inferred that the sedimentary environment is eolian sand dunes and interdunal depression;the Member Ⅲ of Sikouzi Formation is judged to be lacustrine sediments preliminarily. Combined with the palaeoclimate,orographic condition of the study area and palaeowind, the eolian deposits,as the main part of the Sikouzi Formation sandstones,can be deduced to develop in desert environment controlled by the planetary-wind system.
		2017 Vol. 19 (3): 445-456 [Abstract] ( 665 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 2414KB] ( 358 )

	457	Wei Duan, Gao Zhiqian, Yang Xiaoqun, Meng Miaomiao, Chen Yue, Dong Zhenkun, Wang Shanshan

		Identification methods and features of unconformity within carbonate successions of the Lower-Middle Ordovician Yingshan Formation in Tahe area,Tarim Basin
		This paper integrates outcrops,well log and seismic data to describe the features of unconformity T⁶₇ within the Yingshan Formation in Tahe area, Tarim Basin. The unconformity T⁶₇ is characterized by lithofacies transitional surface at outcrops. δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O values below the unconformity T⁶₇ are significantly more negative,the same as the trace elements of Sc,Co,Ni,Ba,U,and Sr. The contents of Li and V below the unconformity T⁶₇ are relatively high. The GR logs in the lower part of the Yingshan Formation are more variable and have higher values. The Th/U values amended by filtering method are low at the section of unconformity T⁶₇ . It is difficult to identify the unconformity T⁶₇ based on the phenomena of reflection termination such as truncations,onlap and toplap in seismic profile,but some “beads-like” reflection anomalies are found along the unconformity T⁶₇ surface. These “beads-like” reflections are interpreted to indicate karst-relate palaeo-caverns. The unconformity T⁶₇ results from a short-term exposure(<1,Ma)and is controlled by sea-level changes and the palaeogeomorphology. The exposure degree of the unconformity T⁶₇ is variable in Tahe area,with the largest in the middle-east part,and the lowest in the northwest part. The unconformity T⁶₇ has great importance for the formation of carbonate reservoirs in the Yingshan Formation. It not only can provide the geological background for the interlayer karst development,but also can connect the fracture system to provide channels for the meteoric water flowing.
		2017 Vol. 19 (3): 457-468 [Abstract] ( 836 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 2095KB] ( 442 )

GEOCHEMISTRY AND SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENTS

	469	Wu Shiqiang, Gao Xiaopeng, Cai Xiyao, Li Huili, Yu Tengxiao, Tang Pan

		REE characteristics and their significance of cave fillings of the Lower-Middle Ordovician Yingshan Formation in Yubei area,Tarim Basin
		The characteristics,evolution and distribution of palaeokarst reservoir of the Lower-Middle Ordovician are the key factors in carbonate exploration in Yubei area,Tarim Basin. Fortunately,cave fillings of the Lower-Middle Ordovician Yingshan Formation in the karst cave of Well YB7 provide the opportunity to research the palaeokarst of this period. The cave fillings were composed mostly of feldspar-quartz sandstone. Compared the characteristics of their REE element with the counterpart of the Formations of Yimugantawu,Keziertage,Donghetang,Bachu,Kepingtage and Tataaiertage,the provenance of cave fillings and the time limit of palaeocave evolution were analyzed. The results show that four cave filling samples are characterized by LREE slight enrichment,HREE slight deficit,negative Ce anomaly and positive Eu anomaly,which are similar to those of the Donghetang and Kepingtage Formations. The average ΣREE is 36.48,which is most similar to that of the Donghetang Formation,while different greatly from that of the Kepingtage Formation. Because Yubei area is located in structurally high position before the depositional period of Bachu Formation and the Kepingtage Formation in this area was missing,the Kepingtage Formation was not the provenance of the cave fillings of Well YB7. The Donghetang Formation distributes in part of western Yubei area and is missing in the vicinity of Well YB7. Based on the REE characteristics, sedimentary characteristics and structural background, it is concluded that the Donghetang Formation is the provenance of cave fillings of Well YB7, and the palaeocave was formed in the underground river system during the depositional period of Donghetang Formation to Bachu Formation.
		2017 Vol. 19 (3): 469-479 [Abstract] ( 595 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 2455KB] ( 347 )

	480	Hu Junjie, Ma Yinsheng, Wang Zongxiu, Liu Yongqing, Gao Wanli, Qian Tao

		Palaeoenvironment and palaeoclimate of the Middle to Late Jurassic revealed by geochemical records in northern margin of Qaidam Basin
		Geochemical characteristics of sedimentary rocks can indicate palaeoenvironment evolution process. The Jurassic sediments in northern margin of Qaidam Basin recorded significant palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic information of northwest China. Based on the geochemical analysis of sedimentary rocks from the Dameigou standard geological profile in northern margin of Qaidam Basin,palaeoclimate and palaeoenvironment of the Middle to Late Jurassic were reconstructed. The results revealed that: (1)From the Middle to Upper Jurassic,it showed a shallow-water environment with oxic condition,deep lacustrine facies with anoxic condition only appeared in a short time occasionally. In general,the lacustrine water-body in the Jurassic displayed moderate palaeosalinity,but the decrease in precipitation may lead to salinity increase in some intervals. (2)Comprehensive utilization of multiple geochemical parameters,palaeoclimate evolution sequence of the Middle to Late Jurassic in northern margin of Qaidam Basin was established. According to the long-term records,the palaeotemperature and palaeohumidity fluctuation varied within a certain range. From the late Middle Jurassic,the palaeoclimate changed from warm and humid into hot and arid,which triggered the hot and arid palaeoenvironment of the Late Jurassic. The diversified geochemical profile of this study will provide new evidence and materials for the research on the Middle to Late Jurassic hot-arid climate event and palaeoclimate correlation in northwest China.
		2017 Vol. 19 (3): 480-490 [Abstract] ( 717 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1030KB] ( 480 )

	491	Zheng Xiaoming, Yin Haiquan, Gao Lei, Wang Shengyu, Wang Yankai, Zhou Hongrui, Zhang Weijie

		Geochemical characteristics and its tectonic significance of the Early Paleozoic siliceous rocks in Hangwula area of northern Alxa,Inner Mongolia
		Hangwula area of the northern Alxa in Inner Mongolia,located on the southern margin of the middle Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB)and dominated by the Siberian Plate in its north,the Tarim Plate in its west and the North China Plate in its south,is one of the most typical areas for researching tectonic evolution of the CAOB and the Paleo-Asian Ocean. In this article,geochemical characteristics of the Early Paleozoic siliceous rocks were mainly studied to re-establish the tectonic evolution of the northern Alxa in Early Paleozoic combining with the previous results. The Early Paleozoic siliceous rocks of the Xishuangyingshan Formation and the Bandingtaolegai Formation in the Hangwula area were identified to contain clay,terrigenous silt and radiolarians under the microscopic analysis,which reveals that these siliceous rocks were of the distinct sedimentary origin. However,these Early Paleozoic siliceous rocks showed poor uniformity on their geochemical characteristics: The discrimination diagrams of major elements like Fe,Mn,Al and the ratio analyses of rare earth elements(REEs)like Sc/Th,(La/Ce)_n,and δCe indicate that the siliceous rocks belong to the stable continental margin deposits;but(La/Yb)_n value reflects a pelagic sedimentary background. δEu value shows that the origin process of the siliceous rocks was without hydrothermal participation. The ratio analyses of trace elements like V/Y,Ti/V conform to the ocean ridge or the ocean basin setting,but the U/Th and Ba/Sr radios accord with the hydrothermal feature. REE distribution patterns of the Early Paleozoic siliceous rocks are relatively flat with positive europium anomaly but without steep right-dipping LREE-rich trend or left-dipping HREE-rich trend,suggesting that their generation cannot be linked to classic continental margin or ocean basin. Although the Lower Paleozoic sedimentary records of the Hangwula area were relatively scarce,in view of the complex tectonic evolution characteristics of the Upper Paleozoic and its palaeogeographical inheritance,and combined with the above geochemical characteristics of the siliceous rocks,it can be considered that the Hangwula area of northern Alxa was in an archipelagic ocean environment during the Early Paleozoic.
		2017 Vol. 19 (3): 491-502 [Abstract] ( 724 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 2157KB] ( 318 )

	503	Jia Peng, Li Wei, Li Ming, Deng Shenghui, Lu Yuanzheng, Li Xin, Fan Ru, Liu Xin

		Characteristics of carbon and oxygen isotopes and their significance of the Cambrian Xixiangchi Group carbonate rocks in eastern Sichuan Basin
		The carbon and oxygen isotopes of the Cambrian Xixiangchi Group carbonate rocks in eastern Sichuan Basin are less affected by post-depositional diagenesis,and thus provide helpful insights into the original ocean. Based on the C and O isotopic profile of 111 analytic results obtained by the standard method of phosphorolysis,we have discussed the composition and evolution of δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O recorded in the Middle-Upper Cambrian carbonate rocks in eastern Sichuan Basin,as well as their geological implication. The research shows the values of δ¹³C range from-3.36‰ to 2.65‰ with mean value of-1.027‰,most of which are in the range of-2‰~2‰;and the values of δ¹⁸O range from-11.1‰ to-6.01‰, most range in of-10‰~-6‰, with average value of-7.991‰. Carbon and oxygen isotope analysis illustrates that the Xixiangchi Group was formed in a warm to hot onshore marine sedimentary environment with a high salinity. The δ¹³C analysis suggests there were a slow regression after a rapid and short transgression at the early-middle depositional stage,as well as a rapid regression after a slow transgression at the late depositienal stage of Xixiangchi Group. Sea level changes reflected by carbon isotope distribution are consistent with the evolution of sedimentary facies.The positive excursion of carbon isotopes in the Middle Xixiangchi Group in Sichuan Basin indicates relative high productivity and burial rate of organic carbon,which is of great petroleum geological significances.
		2017 Vol. 19 (3): 503-512 [Abstract] ( 537 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 4794KB] ( 333 )

SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY AND PALAEOGEOGRAPHY

	513	Yao Yao, Mei Chaojia

		The composition of “unconventional”system tracts within the continental sequence: An important advancement on sequence stratigraphy
		During the Exxon Time for sequence stratigraphy,as the first important conceptual progress,it was proposed that the continental sequence is usually formed in a rising period within a base-level changing cycle under the conceptual system of the subaerial unconformity that makes up the sequence boundary. The continental sequence is characterized by amalgamated and isolated fluvial channel sandstones, with grain size fining upward. However,there are many conceptual inconsistencies for the continental sequence stratigraphy especially for the division of system tracts,such as the transgressive system tract or the high-stand system tract,which were resulted from the interpretation of marine “conventional”system tracts. The “unconventional”system tracts for the continental sequence are established under this situation,i.e. the high accommodation and the low accommodation system tracts,which might represent the second conceptual advancement of the continental sequence stratigraphy. More importantly,although the major sedimentation occurred during the ascending period of base-level like marine strata,deposits may be formed within the descending period of base-level,which further reflects the complicated sediment accumulation and its response mechanism of a continental sequence,as well as its variability. The characteristics mentioned above have become one of the focal points in recent years.It is very meaningful for tracing both the changes and progresses of the conceptual systems for the continental sequence stratigraphy,and is very favorable for further understanding of the sophisticated forming process of the continental sequences,which represents a significant advancement on the study of sequence stratigraphy.
		2017 Vol. 19 (3): 513-524 [Abstract] ( 700 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1014KB] ( 504 )

	525	Jia Langbo, Ji Youliang, Zhong Dakang, Yan Ruitao, Liu Junlong, Mi Lijun, Yi Zhen, Yu Jiasong, Zhang Pengcheng

		Depositional filling model of the Eocene Wenchang Formation in rift stage of L sag, Pearl River Mouth Basin
		The exploration of the Eocene Wenchang Formation in L sag,Pearl River Mouth Basin,is in the initial-exploration stage. Due to limited drilling data and their uneven distribution,the conventional multiple-data research methods of sedimentary facies is restricted in this area,resulting in the lack of systematic analysis on sequence stratigraphy and depositional system. Based on cores,well logs and seismic data,the integrated seismic facies analysis was carried out in this area. The integration of well and seismic data was applied to predict the distribution of the Paleogene rift sedimentary system,and the sedimentary model of the Wenchang Formation in rift period has been established. The results show that the Wenchang Formation developed three 3rd-order sequences,consisting of 8 system tracts. According to the differences between externel form and internel reflection characteristics in the sequence system tracts,five seismic facies types were identified in the study area,which are filling type,mat type,wedge type,massive type and hummocky type. Seismic facies were converted to sedimentary facies based on the combined analysis of core facies,well-log facies and seismic facies. Braided-river delta,fan delta and lacustrine facies were identified. The study area developed the model of small basin with small lake in the initial syn-rift stage,when several small isolated sags were mostly filled with near-source fan delta clastic deposits. Model of large basin and shallow lake was developed in the early rift-climax stage,when the sags became connected with each other,filled with braided river delta originated from the southwest. Large basin with deep lake model was formed when the tectonic stage entered middle-late rift-climax,therefore deep lake mudstone was widespread. The model of large basin and shallow lake in the late syn-rift stage was developed,when the accommodation was gradually filled by a large-scale braided-river delta originated from the northeast along the long axis of L sag.
		2017 Vol. 19 (3): 525-540 [Abstract] ( 685 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 4155KB] ( 408 )

	541	Su Jianfeng, Fan Daidu, Leng Wei, Chen Lingling, Yin Ping

		Postglacial sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary environment evolution of the Yangtze River subaqueous delta
		Sequence stratigraphic research of the Yangtze River subaqueous delta is conducive to a comprehensive understanding of the Yangtze River delta stratigraphic characteristics and sedimentary environment evolution model. Detailed analyses of grain-size compositions,sedimentary facies and elemental ratios(Cl/Ti、Zr/Rb)of cores from Boreholes YD0901 and YD0903 located at the Yangtze paleo-incised valley establish the postglacial period high-resolution stratigraphic framework of the Yangtze River subaqueous delta.The postglacial facies associations in the Yangtze River delta(YRD)are vertically stacked from fluvial facies at the bottom,through tidal-river facies,estuarine facies,and shallow-marine facies,to deltaic facies at the top. Since the Last Glacial period sea-level began to decline,and the incised valley of ancient Yangtze River developed. Stiff clay on the interfluve of the incised valley constitutes the Ⅰ-type sequence boundary. After then the sea-level began to rise,the regression and transgression reached its maximum in 15 cal ka BP and 8.0 cal ka BP respectively,and the time of maximum transgression at subaqueous delta slightly lagged behind the plain area which is about 7.5 cal ka BP. According to these three sequence boundaries,the strata were divided into lowstand system tracts(LST),transgressive system tracts(TST)and highstand system tracts(HST). Based on AMS¹⁴C dating results,post-LGM (Last Glacial Maximum)transgression reached the coring area roughly in 14.8 cal ka BP. The rate of shoreline retreatment was up to 71.9,km/ka,resulting from rapid sea-level rise by the MWP(Meltwater Pulse)-1A event in 14.8~13cal ka BP. In the early regression period,the deposition rate of the boreholes was low. It increased significantly since 2 cal ka BP.
		2017 Vol. 19 (3): 541-556 [Abstract] ( 805 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1947KB] ( 451 )

NEW TECHNIQUES AND NEW METHODS

	557	Wang Mingchuan, Duan Taizhong, Ji Bingyu

		Research progress and application of multipoint statistics geological modeling technology
		Multipoint statistics(MPS)geological modeling technology has been put forward for more than 20 years,and it has become the international frontier research direction of reservoir geological modeling. Great progress has been made in both theory and application of MPS geological modeling technology. Taking the development history of MPS as the main clue,and the technical progress of MPS as the core,the paper discussed the research progress of MPS,classified the main MPS methods and systematically discussed the principle,characteristics and existing problems of potential MPS geological modeling methods. Finally,MPS geological models of porous carbonate Reservoir S in Zagros Basin were set up,and pros and cons of the MPS and sequential indicator simulation(SIS)were compared. Research shows that MPS has obvious advantages in complex facies modeling compared with SIS,and Dispat,a pattern-based modeling method,makes the facies distribution more accordant with the geological understanding of geologists by utilizing the strategy of replacing data event with pattern. The research results provide a new geological modeling method for porous carbonate reservoirs,and could be a reference for geological modeling of similar reservoirs.
		2017 Vol. 19 (3): 557-566 [Abstract] ( 696 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 850KB] ( 437 )

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