Welcome to Journal of Palaeogeography

	· 《Petroleum Science》
	· Periodical Press of CUP
	· China University of Petroleum (Beijing)
	· 《Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science)》
	· 《ACTA PETROLOGICA SINICA》
	· 《Geology in China》
	· 《China Geology》
	· 《ACTA GEOCHIMICA》
	· 《geochimica》
	· 《GEOTECTONICA ET METALLOGENIA》
	· China Geoscience Journal Portal
	· 《Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry》

	JOPC 2019 Vol.21 Number 4
	2019, Vol.21 Num.4
	Online: 2019-08-01

	TECTONOPALAEOGEOGRAPHY AND PALAEOTECTONIC LITHOFACIES PALAEOGEOGRAPHY AND SEDIMENTOLOGY GEOCHEMISTRY AND SEDIMENTARY ENVIROMENTS HUMAN HISTORY PALAEOGEOGRAPHY

TECTONOPALAEOGEOGRAPHY AND PALAEOTECTONIC

	537	Shao Dong-Bo, Bao Hong-Ping, Wei Liu-Bin, Cai Zheng-Hong, Wu Chun-Ying, Zhou Li-Xia, Cao Yan-Gang

		Tectonic palaeogeography evolution and sedimentary filling characteristics of the Ordovician in the Ordos area
		The Ordos region was located in the southwestern margin of the North China Craton plate in the Ordovician. Due to the dehiscing-converging effects of the Qinling-Qilian-Helan three-armed rift system,obvious tectonic sedimentary differentiation between the Ordos area and the North China Craton had begun to occur in Ordovician. The prominent expression is the large-scale development of evaporite deposits in the eastern part of Ordos area during the Ordovician depositional period. Palaeotectonics analysis shows that the Ordos area was generally characterized by the palaeotectonics distribution pattern of “three uplifts-two depressions-one archicontinent” in the Ordovician. During the Ordovician,it experienced sevaral palaeogeography evolution processes, respectively the marginal transgression in the early Yeli-Liangjiashan period,the oscillating whole-subsidence transgression in the Majiagou period,and the southwestern marginal fast subsidence in the Pingliang-Beiguoshan period, which is characterized by a strong evolution. The sedimentary-filling effect of the Ordos area in the Ordovician has the following important features: Firstly,being controlled by the central palaeo-uplift,the east-west sedimentary differentiation is obvious; secondly,with the evolution of the times,the inner-source sedimentation is dominant in the early and mid-term,while the mixed source or terrigenous clastic deposition is dominant in the late stage; thirdly,the deposits in the southwestern margins are hugely thick,where the structural subsidence is the most active during the Ordovician.
		2019 Vol. 21 (4): 537-556 [Abstract] ( 515 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 13738KB] ( 392 )

	557	Huang Jian-Song, Guo Wei, Yang Ping, Yi Gang

		Geological age and tectono-sedimentary setting of the Tang Wangling Conglomerate
		Since the discovery of the Tang Wangling Conglomerate in 1960s,its depositional age and sedimentary environment have been controversial. Based on strata contact relationship,lithology and palaeontological data between its upper and lower strata on several outcrops and combined with drilling results of two wells in the west part of the Weibei Uplift,this paper defines its geological age as the Hirnantian Stage of the Late Ordovician. The Tang Wangling Conglomerate was deposited in a submarine fan at the base of the foreland slope in the northern North Qinling island arc under a steep bank background of a foreland basin. The basin was continuously uplifted and undergone collapse and erosion during the latest Ordovician. The result is consistent with the continuous uplift of North Qinling island arc after the Middle Ordovician. The northern slope of the Northern Qinling island arc and its Paleozoic and other older strata were continually overturning to the north and subjected to varying degrees of metamorphism and denudation. The back-arc basin between North Qinling Mountains and North China landmass evolved into a foreland basin and gradually closed. There are other supporting evidence such as the coarsening upward depositional cycles and a large number of gravity flow deposits in the Tang Wangling Conglomerate such as debris flows,grain flows,and turbidity currents. This paper not only clarifies the geological age of the Tang Wangling Conglomerate and the Dongzhuang Shale,but also establishes a foundation for its tectonic evolution during the Caledonian orogeny and for petroleum geology research in the foreland basin between North Qinling Mountain and the west part of the Weibei Uplift area.
		2019 Vol. 21 (4): 557-576 [Abstract] ( 426 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 30231KB] ( 256 )

LITHOFACIES PALAEOGEOGRAPHY AND SEDIMENTOLOGY

	577	Li Yun, Hu Zuo-Wei, Liu Can, Dong Jie, He Jing, Yuan Xiao-Qi, Wei Yang

		Characteristics of authigenic carbonate minerals in carbonate concretions of the Chang 7 oil-bearing interval of Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in Weibei area, Ordos Basin
		The early carbonate concretions would undergo the complex cementation of various carbonate mineral phases during the long-term burial process. The detailed petrology studies are the key to explore the genetic mechanism of the carbonate concretations. In this paper,the characteristics of authigenic carbonate minerals constituting the calcite and dolomite concretions that are rich in the shale of Chang 7 oil-bearing interval of Yanchang Formation in Weibei area of southern Ordos Basin,is studied through detailed observation in the field,together with the petrology studies and cathodoluminescence technology. The authigenic carbonate minerals constituting the concretions that may form in the early diagenesis,have marked features as follows: (1)the calcite spheres are composed of fibrous or flaky calcites. The crystalline calcites are filled between the calcite spheres,or the spheres are closely contacted because of compaction. Under the cathodoluminescence condition,the fibrous calcites show red orange light and dark red light,and the flaky calcites show dark light;(2)the calcites developed in fine-grained crystalline concretions show irregular shapes,containing many organism inclusions or residual fibrous textures. It shows that the natural bitumen and residual fiberous calcites appear between the calcite crystals,which presents dark red light under the cathodeluminescence;(3)the dolomite concretions are characterized as micrite and fine-grained crystalline dolomites. Authigenic fine-grained crystalline dolomite concretions usually contain large amounts of argillaceous bands. The fiber columnar dolomites are common in the argillaceous bands or organic matter enriched bands;(4)Fibrous and fiber columnar calcites and dolomites that present dark red color or colorless under the cathodeluminescence,usually grow along the cracks. The calcite and dolomite minerals developed in the carbonate concretions of Chang 7 oil-bearing interval,have different genetic types and complex cementation history. Spheroidal calcites and micritic dolomites produce at the beginning of the cementation,indicating the early genesis of concretions. Fine-grained crystalline calcites and dolomites indicate metasomatism. Crack-filled fibrous,radial and columnar shaped calcite and dolomite aggregates indicate strong compaction after the formation of concretions.
		2019 Vol. 21 (4): 577-588 [Abstract] ( 493 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 13086KB] ( 289 )

	589	Zheng Jian-Feng, Yuan Wen-Fang, Huang Li-Li, Pan Wen-Qing, Qiao Zhan-Feng, Yang Guo

		Sedimentary facies model and its exploration significance of the Lower Cambrian Xiaoerblak Formation in Xiaoerblak area, Tarim Basin
		The dolomite reservoir of the Lower Cambrian Xiaoerblak Formation in Tarim Basin is mainly controlled by sedimentary facies,in which the mounds and shoals are the potential zone of reservoir. Therefore,it is of great significance to clarify the characteristics and laws of mounds and shoals for oil exploration in this field. The Xiaoerblak area is selected as the study region and,7 geological profiles are measured in outcrops. Based on the description of the field outcrops and observation on many thin slices,the sedimentary characteristics of the Xiaoerblak Formation are systematically analyzed and the sedimentary facies model is established. The Xiaoerblak Formation in the study area is 158-178 m in thickness. It mainly contains microbiological dolomites,arenite dolomite and granule dolomite. The microbiological dolomites are divided into laminite dolomite,thrombolite dolomite,spongiostromatastromatolite dolomite,stromatolite dolomite,and oncolites dolomite. The lithofacies combination indicates that the Xiaoerblak Formation comprises one 3^rd succession that is characterized as upward shallower trend. These rocks combination show that Keping area is a carbonate ramp with “microbial mat-mound and shoal-tidal flat” sedimentary system in the depositional period of Xiaoerblak Formation. From the Wensu ancient uplift to the basin,it develops inner ramp,middle ramp and outer ramp in turn. In middle ramp,the medium-high energy mounds and shoals are distributed,with a thickness of 70-85 m and the ratio of shoals to the whole strata is up to 44%-51%. It is confirmed again that the Xiaoerblak Formation in Tarim Basin has a great potential of oil exploration.
		2019 Vol. 21 (4): 589-602 [Abstract] ( 458 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 5072KB] ( 251 )

	603	Chen Bai-Bing, Qi Yong-An, Zheng Wei, Li Xiao-Yan

		Micritic calcites in ooids and their genetic analysis from the Cambrian Mantou Formation in Yiyang area, western Henan Province
		The ooids in oolitic limestones of the Cambrian Mantou Formation in Yiyang area,western Henan can be divided,based on their mophology, structures and calcite composition, into 4 types,such as irregular radial micritic ooids, micritic envelope bright crystalline epidermis ooids,tangential-radial micritic ooids and regular radial microsparry ooids. They are mainly composed of micritic calcites that can be found in the different positions of ooids. These ooids are obviously different from those in the Zhangxia Formation that consist of sparry calcites. Under the SEM,the micritic calcites in ooids display hexagonal honeycomb texture and flake wall which are considered to be the cell structure of bacteria or cyanobacteria and the result of tangential arrangement of attached tiny grain around them. The mineral of honeycomb texture is mainly composed of calcium carbonate which is considered to be the result of cyanobacteria disintegration. The above features indicate that the micritic calcites in ooids are closely related to microbial activities,which is of great significance to elucidate the oolitic genesis affected by microbes.
		2019 Vol. 21 (4): 603-612 [Abstract] ( 495 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 13241KB] ( 264 )

	613	Luo Jin-Xiong, He You-Bin, He Ming-Wei, Chen Xiao-Hui

		Thoughts on characteristics and origin of the Middle Permian eyeball-shaped limestone in South China
		The eyeball-shaped limestone,which is composed of “eyeball”and “eyelid”,is a common type of carbonates with special structures in middle Permian in South China. It develops widely in the lower part of Qixia Formation and the middle-lower part of Maokou Formation. There are many research on the characteristics and origin of eyeball-shaped limestone,which is reviewed in detail in this paper. The distribution,petrological and geochemical characteristics of the eyeball-shaped limestones has been summarized. Besides,different viewpoints on the origin of this kind of eyeball-shaped limestones have been discussed. The controversies on the characteristics of eyeball-shaped limestones have been expounded,and the important research aspects in the future on the eyeball-shaped limestones have been pointed out,especially in the microscopic and geochemical characteristics. Finally it implies that the perspective of eyeball-shaped limestone on the petroleum geological significances should be paid enough attention
		2019 Vol. 21 (4): 613-626 [Abstract] ( 487 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 7257KB] ( 283 )

	627	Guo Qi-Heng, Jin Zhen-Kui, Zhu Lei, Zhu Xiao-Er, Wang Jin-Yi, Wu Jin, Li Si-Peng

		Mechanism for silicification of ooid:Example from the Cambrian Zhangxia Formation at Xiaweidian section in Western Hills of Beijing
		As one type of important facies-incaditing grains in carbonate rocks,previous studies on ooids mainly focused on their origin,and there are few studies on diagenetic alternations of ooids. The Cambrian Zhangxia Formation at the Xiaweidian section in Western Hills of Beijing is characterized by a thick succession of oolitic limestone. In this paper,based on outcrop and thin-section observation and combined with geochemical data such as XRD,organic carbon and pyrolysis,we described the features of silicfied oolites,discussed the sources of silica and provided a silicification mechanism. The results show that the dissolution and refilling or neomorphism of ooids resulted in enrichment of organic matter at the edges of the ooids,and the organic acids,released from evolution of organic matter,are the main controlling factors for siliceous precipitation. Silica mainly derives from input of the terrestrial siliciclastics and transformation of clay minerals. Due to the concentration of organic matters and formation of the organic membranes at the edges of the ooids,silica precipitation mainly occurred along the edges of the ooids,forming a specific silicified sheath along ooid edges. The result also suggests that microbes played an important role in the formation of ooids.
		2019 Vol. 21 (4): 627-635 [Abstract] ( 436 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 16842KB] ( 220 )

	637	Huang Yun, Liang Shu-Yi, Xia Yu, Li Yan-Ping, Gu Xin-Ping, Fu Xiao-Peng

		Sedimentary filling characteristics and petroleum geologic significance of the Early Carboniferous in Dibei uplift,Junggar Basin
		This paper studies the tectonic setting,sedimentary filling characteristics and the petroleum geologic significance of the Early Carboniferous deposits in Dibei uplift,Junggar Basin,based on the datasets consisted of drilling,logging,seismic,paleontology,and geochemical data. It is suggested that during the Early Carboniferous Dibei uplift developed half-garben stretching rift and was characterized by the marine flysch and volcanic facies,which make it suitable for the occurrence of the hydrocarbon source rock. Based on the latest geochemical study of Well Quan 5,Dibei uplift has the source rock with high maturity,i.e. good source rocks. Such geological understanding breaks the original one that the Carboniferous source rocks of Dibei uplift is low-maturity and has no exploration potential. According to the mature exploration model of “near source and uplift controls”in Kalameili gas-field,this paper proposes two hydrocarbon accumulation patterns in Dibei uplift: “source and reservoir integration”and “near source and uplift controls”,which clears the favorable exploration zone.
		2019 Vol. 21 (4): 637-646 [Abstract] ( 404 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 13839KB] ( 238 )

GEOCHEMISTRY AND SEDIMENTARY ENVIROMENTS

	647	Gao Yuan, Wang Guo-Zhi, Li Na

		Geochemical features and origin of siliceous rocks of the Permian Fengcheng Formation in the northwestern margin of Junggar Basin
		The siliceous and dolomitic rocks of the Permian Fengcheng are the most significant oil source rocks in the Junggar Basin. However,there is a debate on the origin of dolomitic and siliceous rocks. Base on the core observation and geochemical analyses including major elements,trace elements and silica isotopes,a more detailed study was made on the origin of siliceous rock. The results indicate the SiO₂ content of siliceous rocks ranges from 55.15% to 85.61%,which indicates the rocks are not purely siliceous and contain a relatively high content of salt minerals formed in an alkaline lake and minerals formed in hydrothermal fluids. The siliceous rock is mainly distributed around the hydrothermal vents and usually interbedded with dolomitic rocks. Boron is enriched in siliceous rock,ranging from 90×10^-6 to 10 000×10^-6 with an average of 680×10^-6,which might be related to the searlesite and reflect an alkaline lake depositional environment the Sr/Ba of siliceous is larger than 1,and the Th/U and Sm/Nd values range from 0.62 to 2.06 and 0.20 to 0.24,respectively. REE distribution pattern of siliceous rock shows Eu negative anomaly and Ce negative anomaly or weak positive anomaly and significant enrichment in LREE. The δ³⁰Si values range from 0.39‰ to 1.88‰. Trace elements and δ³⁰Si values are different from typical hydrothermal siliceous origin. Both geological occurrence and geochemical characteristics of siliceous rocks indicate that the siliceous rocks of Members 2 and 3 of Fengcheng Formation are formed in an alkaline lacustrine involves hydrothermal activities. The formation of siliceous rock is controlled by many factors,such as the location of hydrothermal vents,the hydrothermal exhalative period and the temperature of each hydrothermal vents. During the hydrothermal exhalative period,the hydrothermal fluids mix with the alkali lake water to form the siliceous rocks that contain salt and dolomite. The sedimentary environment of siliceous rocks is a relatively closed environment with high salinity and alkaline reduction. During the intermittent stage between hydrothermal exhalative activity,the dolomite rocks containing salt minerals are the major products.
		2019 Vol. 21 (4): 647-660 [Abstract] ( 546 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 2098KB] ( 271 )

	661	Han Jing, Cai Quan-Sheng, Li Yang, Li Xu-Wen

		Forming environment and development model of high-quality marine shale: A case of the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations shale in Zigui-Xintan section in the Middle Yangtze region
		This paper analyzes the forming environment of high-quality marine shale in the Ordovician Wufeng Formation and the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in the Zigui-Xitan section in the Middle Yangtze region from the aspects of paleo-salinity,palaeoclimate,paleo-productivity,sea area closure and REDOX conditions by using geochemical and petrologic methods,and discusses the controlling factors and development model of high-quality marine shale. The results show that: The high-quality shale of the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations in the Middle Yangtze region is mainly siliceous shale,which is mainly developed from the Wufeng Formation to the bottom of Aeronian;High-quality shale is mainly formed in the anoxic environment with warm and humid palaeoclimate,low salinity to normal salinity and weakly enclosed to semi-enclosed conditions,and it has a high paleo-productivity. The development of marine high-quality shale is a comprehensive result of multiple factors including tectonic activities,sea-level change and terrigenous-biological siliceous supply,and After Aeronian,the Yangtze plate continuously moved northwestward and sea area reduced,causing a rapid decrease of autogenous siliceous materials and increase of terrigenous clasts. Consequently,high-quality marine shale no longer existed. Finally,the development model of high-quality marine shale is summarized.
		2019 Vol. 21 (4): 661-674 [Abstract] ( 418 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 2379KB] ( 245 )

HUMAN HISTORY PALAEOGEOGRAPHY

	675	Han Jian-Fu, Yang Yu-Da, Man Zhi-Min

		Reconstruction and analysis of sequence of extreme drought events in north of China during AD 1000-2000
		Based on historical documents records as proxy data,we reconstructed the sequence of extreme drought events in North China during AD 1000-2000, and then analysed the characteristics and principle of these extreme drought events. Main conclusions from this study are as follows: (1)The extreme drought events show oscillations with a period of 200 a,and there exist three high-incidence periods including the middle 15th century,the early 17th century and the late 18th century. (2)Changes of extreme drought events are consistent with humidity changes in the eastern China. When the humidity is low,the probability of extreme droughts is high,and vice versa. (3)Extreme drought events are more likely to occur during the medieval and modern warm periods,and the coldest period in the Little Ice Age. (4)When the relationship between humidity and extreme drought events is considered, there is a stable inverse correlation between the North China monsoon regions and non-monsoon areas that influenced by westerly wind. This phenomenon is probably affected by “silk road pattern”and NAO(North Atlantic Oscillation).
		2019 Vol. 21 (4): 675-684 [Abstract] ( 510 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 993KB] ( 280 )

	685	Wang Shen, Yue Shu-Bo, Zeng Jian

		Spatial and temporal distribution of tidal disasters in Qiantang River estuary during Ming Dynasty (AD 1368-1644) and its influencing factors
		Qiantang River is famous in the world for its strong tidal estuary in the world. Based on historical documents,this paper summarized the distribution characteristics of tidal disasters across time and space. Firstly,tide disasters occurred more frequently in the north shore compared with the south shore. The number of tidal disasters hitting the upstream of Haimen was not significantly different from that for the downstream of Haimen,although both of estuaries had smaller numbers of tidal disasters when comparing with the Qiantang Estuary. Secondly,tide disasters distribution in space has changed,leding to an apparent successive variations between stable period and eruptive period, but the length of the stable period and eruptive period was not fixed. Thirdly,the intensity change of tidal disasters was quite strongly related to their frequency distribution. High strength tidal disasters occurred more frequently during the eruptive period. Additionally,this paper discussed the influencing factors on the tidal disasters distribution across time and space, in combination with the natural environment background,such as historical climate,channel topography and so on. Results of this study suggests that the frequency and grade of tidal disasters of Qiantang River are related to the changes of historical rainfall and temperature in this area. However,the extreme tidal disaster was caused by the coupling processes of multiple factors.
		2019 Vol. 21 (4): 685-694 [Abstract] ( 431 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 853KB] ( 224 )

JOPC

Dynamic academic

First notice of the 18th National Conference on Palaeogeography and Sedimentology

Together struggle for 20 years

The first 100 cited articles of 20th anniversary of founding of JOPC

more>>

Read Articles

Download Articles

Telephone：010 6239 6246　Email:Jpalaeo1999@163.com