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	JOPC 2021 Vol.23 Number 5
	2021, Vol.23 Num.5
	Online: 2021-10-01

	BIOPALAEOGEOGRAPHY AND PALAEOECOLOGY LITHOFACIES PALAEOGEOGRAPHY AND SEDIMENTOLOGY GEOCHEMISTRY AND SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENTS QUATERNARY PALAEOGEOGRAOHY AND SEDIMENTOLOGY PAST AND PRESNET GEOGRAPHIC ENVIRONMENT AND HUMAN CIVILIZATION

BIOPALAEOGEOGRAPHY AND PALAEOECOLOGY

	873	Xing Li-Da, Zeng Rong, Zhang Yu, Qiu Liang, Tong Bo-Lin, Wang Dong-Hao

		Review and new discovery of the Mesozoic tetrapod footprints in Guizhou Province, China
		Guizhou Province is rich in records of Mesozoic vertebrate fossils,mostly Triassic marine reptile fossils,while Jurassic and Cretaceous vertebrate fossils are scarce. There are nine Mesozoic tetrapod track sites discovered in Guizhou Province,which are Niuchang and Longchang sites from Zhenfeng,Yaopu site from Anshun,Fuchu site from Hezhang,Xiangshui sites I and II from Bijie,Maotai site from Renhuai,Baoyuan site from Chishui and Tongmin site from Xishui. This paper described more tracks of Longchang site from Zenfeng,and try to summarize the discovery and research history,track types and their characteristics,and the palaeoecological information reflected in all nine track sites. All these records consist of 69 trackways and 420 isolated tracks for a total of 991 tracks of tetrapod remains indicative of at least 477 trackmakers,including marine reptiles,chirotheriids,non-avian theropods,birds,sauropods,and ornithischian dinosaurs. Among them,the Triassic track records are dominated by marine reptiles,while the Jurassic and Cretaceous records show the dominance of saurischian. This dataset is an important supplement to the scarce bone fossils of the Late Mesozoic that contributed to the diversity of Mesozoic paleontological taxa in Guizhou Province,and provides more evidence for understanding the palaeoecology and palaeoenvironment of the Mesozoic vertebrate fauna of Guizhou Province.
		2021 Vol. 23 (5): 873-886 [Abstract] ( 775 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 4140KB] ( 411 )

	887	Zhang Shi-Hui, Xiao Liang, Xue Jin-Zhuang, Meng Mei-Cen, Qin Min, Cui Ying, Wang De-Ming

		Characteristics of stable carbon isotope of the Early Devonian plants from Yunnan Province and its palaeoclimatic significance
		Because of the availability of plant fossil materials in the deep past,palaeoenvironment inversion using δ¹³C value of Paleozoic plant fossils is relatively poorly studied. In this paper,the stable carbon isotopes of some fossil plants are analyzed from the Lower Devonian Xujiachong Formation in Qujing area and from the Posongchong Formation in Wenshan area,Yunnan Province,China. The δ¹³C values of Drepanophycus from the Xujiachong Formation range from-29.0‰ to -22.8‰ with an average value of-24.5‰. The δ¹³C values of Zosterophyllum and Eophyllophyton from the Posongchong Formation range from -24.8‰ to -22.1‰ and -23.0‰ to -22.6‰,and their average values are -23.2‰ and -22.7‰,respectively. All values fall within the distribution range of the δ¹³C values of modern C3 plants. The δ¹³C values of different organs of Drepanophycus are dissimilar,and the δ¹³C value of the axis is 0.1‰ to 0.3‰ higher than that of the leaf. From the 57th to the 79th sedimentary cycles of the Xujiachong Formation,the δ¹³C value of Drepanophycus increases by about 2‰,which is interpreted as relating to a decrease in the palaeoatmospheric CO₂ concentration and to the climate cooling. The calculated C_i/C_a values of Drepanophycus and Zosterophyllum are relatively stable across the studied interval. Thus,it is inferred that these two plants are sensitive to the change of palaeoatmospheric CO₂ concentration and the palaeoclimate in Qujing area may be the present tropical savanna climate or tropical monsoon climate.
		2021 Vol. 23 (5): 887-900 [Abstract] ( 512 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 2839KB] ( 226 )

	901	Xing Zhi-Feng, Fu Yu-Xin, Zheng Wei, Li Da, Li Su-Ping, Liu Yun-Long, Qi Yong-An, Li Wan-Ying, Xu Xin, Wu Pan-Pan, Zhang Xiang-Yun

		Sporopollen assemblage of the Upper Permian Sunjiagou Formation in Yiyang area,western Henan Province and its geological significance
		A set of continental clastic rocks developed in the Upper Permian Sunjiagou Formation in Yiyang area, western Henan Province. A large number of plant fossils and sporopollen fossils are preserved in the interbedded sandstone and mudstone of the middle member(the Tumen Member)of the Sunjiagou Formation. Based on the sedimentary characteristics and the regional stratigraphic correlation of Sporopollen assemblage, the geological age of the Tumen Member is determined. Furthermore, according to the relationship of sporopollen fossils and their information function, combined with the value of trace element Sr/Cu, the palaeoclimatic environment of the Yiyang area is qualitatively and semi-quantitatively analyzed. A total of 52 genera of sporopollen fossils were found, with gymnosperm pollen dominant, which are similar to the characteristics of the Late Permian sporopollen assemblage in North China. It is inferred that the Tumen Member of Sunjiagou Formation in the Dayulin section belongs to the Changxing Age of the Late Permian. The above results may provide a reference for the study of continental sedimentary environment, palaeobotanical background and palaeoclimate evolution in the Late Permian of North China.
		2021 Vol. 23 (5): 901-918 [Abstract] ( 543 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 6607KB] ( 219 )

LITHOFACIES PALAEOGEOGRAPHY AND SEDIMENTOLOGY

	919	Deng Jia-Ting, Li Fei, Gong Qiao-Lin, Li Hong, Yi Chu-Heng, Lian Cheng-Bo

		Characteristics and palaeoceanographic significances of microbialite development in the Ediacaran-Cambrian transition: a case study from Hannan-Micangshan area
		Early Cambrian not only witnessed the explosion of animals,but also experienced a large-scale cyanobacterial calcification event that was rare in Precambrian. The transition of seawater chemistry from Ediacaran to Cambrian played a crucial role in the evolution of eukaryotes,but it is still unclear whether this transition also had impacts on the development and compositions of microbialites and on the start of cyanobacterial calcification event. This study conducted a systematic field investigation and petrological examination on the microbialite structures from the Upper Ediacaran to Cambrian Series 2 in the Hannan-Micangshan area that is located in the northern part of the Upper Yangtze area of the South China Block. The stromatolites of the Dengying Formation show regularly and irregularly laminated structures; the thrombolites are generally distributed between stromatolite layers or shown as individual,thick-bedded rocks,with fine-grained clotted and lump structures. In the the Xiannüdong Formation of Cambrian Series 2,the abundance of stromatolites is significantly reduced in the study area. The composition of microbialites is characterized by rigid,mound-like structures,including individual microbial mounds,and calcimicrobe-archaeocyathan bioherms. Although the laminated and clotted structures of microbialites of Cambiran Series 2 are similar to those of the Ediacaran,the Cambrian forms contain a large number of sheath-calcified microbial microfossils in microstructures,including Epiphyton,Renalcis, Girvanella, etc. Based on the literature review results of the characteristics and occurrences of the microbialites of Cambiran Series 2,this study has preliminarily sorted out the temporal and spatial distributions of the microbialites in the Cambrian Series 2 of South China. This study agrees with previous understandings that the high Ca²⁺ concentration in seawater and the reactive of CO₂ concentration mechanism in cyanobacteria may have played a key role in the initiation of Cambrian cyanobacterial calcification event. In addition,the seawater chemical compositions in the Cambrian Series 2 that were changed from “aragonite-dolomite sea” to “calcite sea”,as well as the exceptional burial mechanism of clay coating within calcified microstructures may also be seen as two favorable conditions for the preservation of early Cambrian calcified microorganisms,which should be paid attention to.
		2021 Vol. 23 (5): 919-936 [Abstract] ( 1454 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 14359KB] ( 261 )

	937	Wang Jun-Hui, Jiang Zai-Xing, Xian Ben-Zhong, Zhang Chun-Ming, Li Guo-Bin

		Determination of palaeowind strength by using scale of beach-bar sand bodies
		The strength of palaeowind,which is an important indicator for palaeoclimate,is difficult to be quantitatively reconstructed.The scale of wind-generated waves reflects wind strength,which may become a new idea for the reconstruction of palaeowind strength. The longshore bar and coastal bar that formed in the swash zone and surf backflow zone,can record wave breaking and swash processes,respectively. In this paper,the principal and workflow for reconstruction of palaeowave and palaeowind conditions by using longshore bar and coastal bar in ancient lakes were introduced. Two methods are used in this paper: (1)There is a functional relationship between the thickness of longshore bar and the water depth of breaking waves(i.e.,breaking depth)according to geometrical analysis. The breaking depth,in turn,is determined by breaking wave height. Thus the breaking wave height can be reconstructed by using ancient longshore bar thickness. The significant wave height and palaeowind strength can also be calculated according to empirical wind-wave relationship. Three parameters are required in this method: The thickness of the isolated longshore bar,the slope angle of the basement where the longshore bar sits,and the palaeo-fetch. (2)The thickness of coastal bar records the swash height,which is determined by significant wave height. The palaeowind strength can also be reconstructed according to empirical wind-wave relationship. Five parameters are required in the latter method: The original thickness of the isolated coastal bar,the average depth of the paleowater,the palaeofetch,the angle between the palaeowind direction and the normal to the shoreline,and the particle size. All these two integrated methods,which include the reconstruction of palaeowind direction,palaeoslope,palaeo-fetch,palaeo-water depth etc.,should apply techniques such as palaeogeomorphy,decompaction,location of the palaeoshoreline,reconstruction of palaeowater depth and the wave theory. Many beach-bar deposits are preserved in ancient lacustrine strata,which can be applied in the reconstruction of ancient wave regime and ancient wind regime. These can also be helpful in reconstruction of the palaeogeographic setting of the sedimentary basin.
		2021 Vol. 23 (5): 937-950 [Abstract] ( 786 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1247KB] ( 226 )

	951	Liu Fei, Zhao Xiao-Ming, Feng Xiao-Fei, Ge Jia-Wang, Yang Li, Yang Bao-Quan, Yang Xi-Pu

		Research on classification of deep-water channels based on gravity flow facies
		Deep-water channel is an important reservoir for oil and gas storage in deep-water environment. At present,there are many reports on the sedimentary architecture and classification of deep-water channels,but few studies on the classification of single channel were carried out. Current classification schemes are largely based on the erosive capacity of the channel,however,due to the limitation of seismic resolution and outcrop integrity,there are great limitations in practical application. Based on 26 outcrops in the world and the drilling core data of a deep-water basin in West Africa,different gravity flow facies with different fluid dynamics are identified,including the high-density turbidity current facies(HTL),low-density turbidity current facies(LTL)and debris flow facies(DL). According to the proportion of different gravity flow facies in the channel,nine types of single channel can be divided: single high density turbidity filling channel(HTL>70%),single low density turbidity filling channel(LTL>75%),single debris flow filling channel(CL>60%),massive sandy mixed filling channel(HTL=40%~70%,LTL=40%~20%,CL<30%),gravelly sandy mixed filling channel(HTL=40%~70%,LTL<30%,CL=15%~50%),layered sandy mixed filling channel(HTL=5%~60%,LTL=40%~75%,CL<20%),clastic sand mixed filling channel(HTL<40%,LTL=40%~75%,CL=20%~40%),isophase mixed filling channel(HTL=20%~40%,LTL=20%~40%,CL=20%~40%),sandy gravel mixed filling channel(HTL<50%,LTL<60%,CL=40%~60%). Based on field outcrops and the practical application of division scheme in deep-water oilfield,we found that the vertical distribution law of different types of channels are as follows: the channels filled by debris flow lithofacies are often developed at the bottom of channel system,and the channels filled by high-density turbidity flow lithofacies are close to the middle and lower part,and the channels filled by low density turbidity current lithofacies is mainly located in the middle and upper part. According to the percentage of different gravity flow lithofacies within channel,different channel types are clearly defined. This division scheme has better applicability and maneuverability,and is beneficial to deep-water channel reservoir prediction and reservoir quality evaluation in practice.
		2021 Vol. 23 (5): 951-966 [Abstract] ( 658 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 6766KB] ( 238 )

	967	Tian Rong-Heng, Xian Ben-Zhong, Chao Chu-Zhi, Liu Jian-Ping, Zhang Guo-Dong, Wang Jun-Hui, Chen Peng

		Sedimentary characteristics and model of lacustrine gravity flow channels: a case study of the Triassic Yanchang Formation of Yaoqu railway-bridge section in Ordos Basin
		The classification of lacustrine deep-water gravity flow channels and the sedimentary model are the key controls on hydrocarbon exploration and development. In this paper,depositional characteristics,sedimentary processes and sedimentary model are studied using section measurement of the Triassic Yanchang Formation of Yaoqu railway-bridge outcrop,morphological parameter statistics for single channel,lithofacies and grain-size analysis. This study shows that: (1)There are at least four sets of gravity flow composite channels,which were mainly triggered by flood events. According to the morphological characteristics,lithofacies composition of single channel,composite channels can be divided into depositional channels and transitional channels. (2)The two composite channels in the lower part of the section belong to depositional type with suspended load lithofacies association including massive clean fine sandstone,thin layered mudstone and the Bouma facies sequence. Besides,the two channels in the upper part of the studied section belong to transitional channel with mixed lithofacies of bed load and suspended load,which is characterized by vertical lithofacies association of cross-bedding fine sandstone or fine sandstone with imbricated mud clasts,massive fine sandstone containing ripped mud clasts,parallel bedding coarse siltstone and thin mudstone facies. (3)A semi-quantitative sedimentary model of transitional and depositional gravity channel is proposed by analyzing size and architecture of the single channels in the composite channel. Both erosional and depositional process occurred in the transitional channel. A single transitional channel shows a smaller width,lower ratio of width to thickness,lenticular shape,and strong erosional ability. The sand body shows a low stability in lateral and a stacking pattern of random superposition or lateral splicing. The depositional channel,showing plate-like and lenticular shape and dominated by sedimentation,has a bigger width,higher width to thickness ratio of single channels,higher lateral stability and the stacking pattern of stable vertical aggradation.
		2021 Vol. 23 (5): 967-982 [Abstract] ( 685 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 5167KB] ( 267 )

GEOCHEMISTRY AND SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENTS

	983	Zheng Jian-Feng, Liu Yu, Zhu Yong-Jing, Liang Feng

		Geochemical features and its geological significances of the Upper Sinian Qigeblak Formation in Wushi area,Tarim Basin
		The Cambrian subsalt formation in Tarim Basin is rich in abundant hydrocarbon resource. The Upper Sinian Qigeblak Formation is one of the important exploration targets in this field. However,no exploration breakthrough has been made so far in this formation. The limited knowledge of lithofacies paleogeography and reservoir genesis led to the restriction of exploration breakthrough. In this paper,the Kungaikuotan outcrop of Wushi area located at NW Tarim Basin is selected as the study region. Based on detailed stratigraphic description,analysis on 104 petrographic thin sections,and multi-parameters geochemical data analysis(major and trace elements,REEs,carbon-oxygen and strontium isotope,the order degree of dolomite and in-situ U-Pb dating),the sedimentary environment of Qigeblak Formation and genesis of dolomite have been studied. It was found that: (1)the Qigeblak Formation of the Kungaikuotan section in the Wushi area of Tarim Basin has the thickness of 141 m,developing three kinds of microbial dolomite(e.g.,stromatolite,clotted limestone,foam laminated stone),two kinds of grainstone related with microbial action(oolite dolomite and grain dolomite). The Qigeblak Formation can be divided into four sections according to the combination of facies sequence,forming the lithofacies assemblage in carbonate gentle slope from inner ramp tidal flat to inner ramp microbial mound/shoal from bottom to up;(2)The sedimentary period of Qigeblak Formation was in a shallow sea water under warm and dry climate background. Seawater has high salinity,high water temperature and oxidation-weak oxidation characteristics and the sea level firstly gradually rised and then declined rapidly;(3)Dolomitization of the Qigeblak Formation took place in penecontemporaneous-early diagenetic period and the dolomitization fluid was the seawater with high salinity. These research results are of great significance to lithofacies palaeogeographic mapping in Late Sinian,Tarim Basin and analysis of reservoir genesis.
		2021 Vol. 23 (5): 983-998 [Abstract] ( 827 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 4620KB] ( 250 )

	999	Luo Li-Yuan, Li Shuang-Ying

		Detrital-zircon provenance analysis and its tectonic significance of the Silurian-Devonian in Susong area,Anhui Province
		The Silurian-Devonian in Susong area,Anhui Province are distributed in the western part of the Lower Yangtze stratigraphic subregion,the southeastern edge of the Dabie orogenic belt,and the eastern side of the southern end of the Tanlu fault zone. In order to obtain the provenance information of the Silurian-Devonian in Susong area,detrital zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating was performed on the fine sandstone and siltstone of the Fentou,Maoshan and Wutong formations exposed in Susong area. The results showed that the three samples all obtained major peak ages of about 970 Ma,820 Ma,and a secondary peak age of about 450 Ma. Detrital zircons are mainly derived from granitic rocks. Using the discriminant map of zircon in granite, most of dated zircons are recognized to be I-type and S-type granite zircons,while most of the Neoproterozoic and Caledonian granitic rocks in the Jiangnan orogenic belt and South China are type I and type S. Through comparison with the ages of detrital zircons from South China,the provenance of the studied strata mainly comes from the interior of the South China plate. Using the pattern map of the difference between zircon crystallization age and sedimentary age,the tectonic setting of the Silurian-Devonian in Susong area, Anhui Province was identified as the collision background.
		2021 Vol. 23 (5): 999-1009 [Abstract] ( 736 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 3813KB] ( 212 )

	1010	Li Kun-Peng, Xing Chao-Chao, Shen Bing

		Analysis of genetic model of siliceous rocks of the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation in Ming Tombs area in Beijing and their geological significance
		The terrestrial sedimentary strata developed in northern China during the Late Mesozoic. The Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation is a typical representative of this period. A set of siliceous rocks emerged from the Jiulongshan Formation in the Changping Tombs area. The Ge/Si value of the siliceous rocks is about 3-4 μmol/mol, between the hydrothermal fluid(~11 μmol/mol) and the river(~0.7 μmol/mol), except for a few samples with high values. The REE distribution has obvious positive Eu anomalies(1.2~2.4,with an average of 1.58),and is relatively stable overall,without obvious Ce anomalies. It has both the characteristics of rivers and hydrothermal fluids. Through semi-quantitative analysis of REE characteristics and Ge/Si value,we believe that the source of siliceous rocks in the Jiulongshan Formation came from a mixture of hydrothermal fluids and rivers,of which the hydrothermal contribution is about 30%.
		2021 Vol. 23 (5): 1010-1019 [Abstract] ( 522 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 13866KB] ( 384 )

QUATERNARY PALAEOGEOGRAOHY AND SEDIMENTOLOGY

	1020	Yang Guang-Liang, Fan Yu-Xin, Cai Qing-Song, Zhang Qing-Song

		Progress and prospect of research on temporal and spatial differences of the Quaternary loess provenance
		The study of provenance of loess on the Chinese Loess Plateau is critical for revealing evolution patterns of atmospheric circulation in East Asia and the interaction between tectonics and climate evolvement. By now,numbers of studies on provenance of loess sediments have been carried out based on different tracing systems. However,the temporal and spatial variation of loess provenance and its dynamic mechanism have not been well understood. Based on the comprehensive review of the previous studies on the Chinese Loess Plateau,the provenance and possible changes of the Quaternary loess were analyzed from the perspective of factors affecting the composition of⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd,and the U-Pb age spectrum of single grain detrital zircons. The following conclusions are obtained. (1)The variations of Sr-Nd isotopic compositions in loess during the Quaternary have exact geological significance,for the reason that the⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr in Quaternary loess changed significantly with a range of 0.002 580~0.004 949,which is beyond the influence of analysis error(<0.000 018)and the maximum radioactive decay effect(<0.000 026 during the 2.6 Ma period and<0.000 001 during a glacial-interglacial interval);the variation of ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd(0.000 095~0.000 240)during the Quaternary is also beyond the influence of laboratory analysis(<0.000 010)and radioactive decay effect(<0.000 013). (2)The variations of⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd both in bulk sediments and in the dominant grain-size fraction of loess sediments are of significance of provenance change because they are hard to be interpreted solely regards of climatic changes given the provenance of loess sediments is stable. (3)Relative to the Sr-Nd isotope tracer system,the tracing systems based on single-mineral or single-grain measurement(e.g., zircon U-Pb age)is robust in detecting variation of the loess sediment provenance. (4)A limited study of the provenance of the loess based on the detrital zircon U-Pb age spectrum reveals that the original provenance of the loess in the Chinese Loess Plateau may have undergone significant spatial and temporal differentiation in geological history. In particular,different sections reflect the changes of the main provenance of the loess before and after 1.2 Ma. It is indicated that the study of the temporal and spatial variation of loess provenance by zircon U-Pb age spectrum has great potential to reveal the coupling process and history of lithosphere,atmosphere and hydrosphere.
		2021 Vol. 23 (5): 1020-1037 [Abstract] ( 498 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 3028KB] ( 257 )

	1038	Yang Yu-Chuan, Zhao De-Jun, Wang Qi-Yu, An Xian-Yin

		Analysis on evolution of special geomorphology of an ancient river channel in Wayue village,Chaya County, Tibet
		The Wayue village belongs to the Chaya County,Changdu City,Tibet. Through remote sensing interpretation,we can intuitively observe its special river topography:“solitary mountain” and ring-shaped negative land. According to the survey,typical river deposits were found in the negative land. Identified as the palaeoriver channel landform. In addition,special river-lake confluence deposits were found at the mouth of the ancient channel,indicating that the river was blocked in history,providing clues to the cause of the river diversion,and inferring that the fluvial environments at that time were extremely turbulent,with several flooding periods. During the intermittent period,we speculates that it might have been related to the last glacial period. Combined with remote sensing interpretation and geological background,the river evolution model of the Wayue village of the Lancang River is finally summarized. Because Wayue village is located along the national Sichuan-Tibet Railway,engineering geology is of great significance. The research results presented in this article are of great significance for ensuring the smooth progress and safety of railway projects.
		2021 Vol. 23 (5): 1038-1047 [Abstract] ( 449 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 25789KB] ( 263 )

PAST AND PRESNET GEOGRAPHIC ENVIRONMENT AND HUMAN CIVILIZATION

	1048	Chen Xu-Dong, Tian Fang-Yu, Chen Si-Ying, Su Yun

		Reconstruction of the extreme cold winter events in China during 1929-1930
		Under the background of climate warming,extreme cold events still occur and are often accompanied by serious economic and social impacts,which should be further studied. As an extreme cold event in the context of global warming,the research on the extreme cold winter event between 1929 and 1930 is relatively limited. This paper discusses the extreme cold winter events in China during 1929-1930 by collecting and analyzing meteorological data and newspaper records. The results show that: (1)The scope of this cold winter includes North China,Yangtze River Basin(from Chongqing to estuary)and North Xinjiang,and there may be a cold winter in Northwest China. The peak cold periods lasted from December 1929 to January1930;(2)In the region affected by cold winter,there are extreme monthly mean temperature. The mean temperature in December in North China and the Yangtze River Basin exceeded the cold event level of once every ten years. The mean temperature in January in the Yangtze River Basin and the northern Xinjiang exceeded the level of once every fifty years. However,the extremity of minimummonthly temperature is weak. The lowest temperature data collected from most stations reached the level of once every five years,only some of them exceeded the level of once every ten years;(3)This cold winter experienced at least seven regional/national cold events,among which three cold events reached the standard of national cold wave events,which occurred from Dec. 1st to 5th,from Dec. 16th to 20th and from Jan. 1st to 5th. The first and third cold waves were the typical cold wave of middle path affecting China. The spatial distribution of the second cold event was not obvious;(4)Based on the climatic characteristics of drought before the cold winter,and flood after the cold winter,the change of ENSO index during this period and previous studies on the relationship between ENSO and climate change in China,it was speculated that the meteorological disasters between the late 1920s and the early 1930s were greatly affected by ENSO events.
		2021 Vol. 23 (5): 1048-1060 [Abstract] ( 617 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 3007KB] ( 188 )

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