Abstract: Acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)is an acute severe disease with high morbidity and mortality.With the improvement of surgical technique,anesthetic technique and management in the intensive care unit(ICU),and the development of application of radiation therapy and chemotherapy,most of patients with thoracic malignant tumor do not die of primary disease,but of ARDS.Therefore,the prevention and therapy of ARDS become more and more significant.This article reviews the recent advances on ARDS,Which is complicated by thoracic malignant tumor surgery.