Objective Inhibitor of growth 1(ING1)gene has been identified as a novel candidate of tumor suppressor gene.Over-expression of ING1 plays well-established roles in numerous cell processes,including DNA repair and cell apoptosis.Our study is to investigate the clinical significances of expression of ING1 in colorectal cancer(CRC).Methods The mRNA level of ING1 in 82 matched samples comprising primary CRC and paired non-cancerous mucosa were detected and compared by quantitative RT-PCR.Then the correlations of mRNA level of ING1 with the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of patients with CRC were analyzed.Results (1)In the same matched tissues,the expression level of ING1 was significantly higher in normal tissues than that in cancer tissues.(2)mRNA expression of ING1 was associated with certain clinical-pathologic variables such as tumor infiltrating level,lymphatic metastasis,distant metastasis and advancing TNM stage.(3)We obtained the expression levels ratio of cancer tissue and normal tissue and found the lower ratio has a lower Disease-Free Survival(DFS)(P＜0.0001).(4)ING1,as a candidate of tumor suppressor gene,remained a statistically-significant prognostic marker in the Cox regression analysis.Conclusion Down-regulation of ING1 may be correlated tightly with the occurrence and progression of sporadic colorectal cancer.Its expression level can be used to predict prognosis of CRC.

Objective To investigate new type cytokine induced killer cells expansion using advanced breast cancer's peripheral blood.Methods peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from 8 advanced breast cancer volunteers and co-cultured with Cytokine induced killer cells.These cells were placed in plastic flasks containing CIK-MediumTM supplemented with 10% auto-plasma in the presence of IL-2(1000IU/mL).The cultures were fed with CIK-MediumTM supplemented with IL-2 following the proliferation capacity.Cell proliferation was measured by cell counting during the cultivation.Fourteen days after cultivation,cell markers CD3/CD16/CD56 were examined by flow cytometry.51Cr and MTT assays were employed in cytotoxicity assays.Cytokines were assayed by ELISA method.Results CD16⁺,CD16⁺ CD56⁺,CD56⁺ CIK cells were 5.8~11.6% in 2×10⁷ fresh PBMCs and 95.2~97.6% in co-cultured cells after 18 days cultivation.The in vitro expansion rate of new type cytokine induced killer cells was up to more than 8.2×10⁸ in total,the cytotoxicity are effective killing cells against MCF7 and BT20 breast cancer cell lines.New type cytokine induced killer cells expanded from all PBMCs and secreted cytokines IFN- and TNF-.Conclusion The present culture could be useful to clarify the mechanisms of CIK cells expansion in vitro and feasible for breast cancer immmuno cell therapy.

Objective To study the expressions of C-met and COX-2 in thyroid papillary cancer(TPC)and to analyze the relationship between their expressions and clinicopathological features.Methods S-P immunocytochemical technique was used to examine the expressions of C-met and COX-2 in 96 cases of TPC and 46 cases of benign tissues,and their relationship with clinicopathological features were analyzed.Results The positive rates of C-met and COX-2 in 96 cases of TPC were 92.71% and 71.88%,showing obvious differences between TPC and benign tissues(P＜0.001).In TPC there is a statistically significant difference of the expression of C-met in older than 45 years and less than 45 years of age(P＜0.05).Difference of COX-2 expression in TPC was statistically significant in patients with and without lymph node metastasis (P＜0.05).The positive expression of COX-2 was closely related to the expression of C-met(r=0.451,P＜0.05).Conclusion The abnormal expressions of C-met and COX-2 could be important significance in the growth and invasion of TPC,and COX-2 might have some relationship with lymph node metastasis.

Objective To investigate the association between serum sex hormone levels as well as body mass index and breast cancer in postmenopausal women.Methods We selected the cases of postmenopausal women who accepted surgical treatment for the first time which from March 2013 to December 2013 in the department of breast surgery the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University,of which 118 cases of patients with breast cancer and 60 cases of benign breast lesions as control group.Meanwhile,information of body height and weight.were collected.Serum estradiol(E2),estrone(E1),testosterone(TSTO)and androstenedione(AED)concentrations were measured in 118 postmenopausal women with breast cancer patients and 60 matched control subjects by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),then the results were estimated.Results The levels of serum E2,E1,AED of breast cancer group were significantly higher than those in control group(P＜0.05).The serum level of TSTO in cases group was higher than the control group,but the results were not statistically significant(P＞0.05).The levels of body mass index(BMI)were not statistically significant(P＞0.05)between breast cancer group and the control group.The level of E1 in breast cancer group and levels of E1,TSTO,AED in overall of overweight group were significantly higher in overweight(P＜0.05),yet we have not found association between levels of hormone and BMI.Conclusion The level of serum sex hormones is higher with breast cancer in postmenopausal women,while high serum levels of E2,E1,AED maybe associated with breast cancer in postmenopausal women.Sex hormones are higher in postmenopausal women with high BMI.

Objective To evaluate the influence and significance of Pingyangmycin chemotherapy on the c-myc and Ras-P21 protein expression in penile cancer.Methods A total of 100 penile squamous cell carcinoma cases was retrospectively studied and divided into two groups.Data were obtained from 1995 to 2005.In the chemotherapy group,50 cases of patients were selected to perform preoperative chemotherapy before surgery.The patients were treated by Pingyangmycin.After 7 times of medication,partial excision of penis plus improved inguinal lymph node dissection was performed.In the control group,50 cases of patients were selected for partial excision of penis plus improved inguinal lymph node dissection directly without any pre-operative chemotherapy.All pathology specimens were detected of c-myc and Ras-P21 protein expression by immunohistochemical staining assay.The χ² test was used for the statistical analysis.Results In chemotherapy group,the positive expression rates of c-myc and Ras-P21 were 30%,27%,respectively.However,in control group,the positive expression rate of c-myc,Ras-P21 were 52%,48%,respectively.By the χ² test,the expressive differences of c-myc,Ras-P21 positive expression rate between chemotherapy group and control group were all significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The protein expressions of c-myc and Ras-P21 is significantly decreased in the tissue of Pingyangmycin chemotherapy of penile cancer.

Objective To study the protein expression and gene amplification of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2(Her-2)in adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction and its association with the clinicopathological features.Methods Immunohistochemical method and fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)were used to detect Her-2 expression and gene amplification in 80 surgically resected gastroesophageal junction cancer tissue.We further analyzed the relationship between the gastroesophageal junction cancer histological differentiation,as well as depth of invasion,clinical stage and lymph node metastasis.Results Her-2 amplification of gastroesophageal junction carcinoma by FISH was 22.5%,while the overexpression by IHC was 15%.Her-2 gene amplification and protein overexpression were correlated with the differentiation,clinical TNM stage,invasive depth and lymph node metastasis of the carcinoma(all P＜0.05).Her-2 expression was not associated with the patients age,gender,invasive depth and lymph node metastasis(P＜0.05).Conclusion Her-2 protein expression and gene amplification may be a prognostic indicator for the patients with gastroesophageal junction cancer.The joint detection of Her-2 protein expression level and the gene amplification can guide the prognosis and therapy for adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction.

Objective To summarize the characteristics of low echo lesions by ultrasound findings in fatty liver,using real-time contrast-enhanced ultrasonography(CEUS)for differential diagnosis.Methods The study was examed in 128 cases low echo lesions of fatty liver by using CEUS,the malignant and the highly suspected malignant and part of the benign lesions(in all the 52 cases)were punctured by ultrasound guided biopsy,the rest of the 76 cases was confirmed benign by clinical comprehensive diagnosis,were compared to the characteristics about ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound image and reviewed regular follow-up.We calculated the sensitivity,specificity,youden index and the area under the ROC curve by contrast-enhanced ultrasonography and ultrasound and apply for Kappa test for reliability analysis to contrast-enhanced ultrasonography and ultrasound.Results There were 23 malignant lesions and 105 benign lesions in total of 128 patients.The sensitivity,specificity,youden index and the area under the ROC curve by contrast-enhanced ultrasonography and ultrasound were 95.65%,98.10%,93.75% and 87.00%,91.43%,84.43% respectively.Compared contrast-enhanced ultrasound examination diagnosis of low echo lesions in fatty liver with the clinical diagnosis performed good reliability(Kappa=0.922,P=0.045).Conclusion We should pay attention to low echo lesions in the fatty liver.contrast-enhanced ultrasound can effectively identify low echo lesions in the fatty liver,and identify benign and malignant lesions in the liver,and improve obviously the accuracy of diagnosis,and reduce the misdiagnosis rate.

Objective To compare the short-term tumor response and adverse events of two chemoradiotherapy regimens for locally advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer.Methods From March 2009 to January 2013,we recruited 42 patients with stage Ⅲ NSCLC who had received three-dimensional intensity-modulated radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy.group A treated with radiotherapy combined pemetrexed plus cisplatin and group B treated with radiotherapy combined docetaxel plus cisplatin.We compared the short-term tumor response and adverse events between the two regimens.Results There were 28 cases in group A and 14 cases in group B.There were no significant differences between the two groups in hematologic toxicities,such as leukopenia,neutropenia,anemia and thrombocytopenia.In non-hematologic toxicities,radiation pneumonitis and cough were no significances respectively(P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in other non-hematologic toxicities,such as liver dysfunction,renal dysfunction,fever,dyspnea,radiation esophagitis,hypodynamia,weight loss,gastrointestinal reactions and skin reactions.The response rate displayed no differences between two groups.Conclusion This study reveals Pemetrexed plus cisplatin group had less non-hematologic toxicities than Docetaxel plus cisplatin group in locally advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer.But there are no differences in the short-term tumor response between the two regimens.

Objective To investigate the applicative value of transvaginal color doppler sonography combined with CA125 which is tumor detection maker in the the diagnosis of ovarian of benign and malignant tumor.Methods We analyzed sonographic features,blood flow of transvaginal color doppler sonography and serum CA125 level in 102 ovarian tumor cases and compared with pathological findings and study the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of diagnosis.Results The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of the diagnosis of ovarian of benign and malignant tumor detected by transvaginal color doppler sonography were respectively 80.6%,95.8% and 91.2%.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of the diagnosis of ovarian of benign and malignant tumor detected by tumor makers CA125 were 87.1%,87.3% and 87.3% respectively.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of the diagnosis of ovarian of benign and malignant detected by transvaginal color doppler sonography combined with tumor makers CA125 were 93.5%,97.2% and 96.1% respectively.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of results detected by the combination of both methods were higher than the single one.Conclusion The combination among the sonographic features,blood flow of transvaginal color doppler sonography and serum tumor markers CA125 improves the efficiency of ovarian benign and malignant tumor diagnosis,and therefore shows the great clinical value.

Objective Our retrospective study is aimed to analyze the correlative clinical features of between expressions of miR-135b and miR-141 in colorectal cancer.Methods Clinical data and specimens of patients with colorectal carcinoma at our hospital from 2013 to 2014 were retrospectively collected.The expressions of miR-135b and miR-141 between colon cancer and matched normal colonic tissues were compared.The correlation between the expressions of miR-135b and miR-141 in colorectal carcinoma and the clinical characteristics were discussed.Results A total of 42 patients was retrospective analyzed.The expressions of miR-135b,miR-141 in the colon cancer tissues were obviously higher than that in the normal colonic tissues.The differences of the expression of miR-141 in the colon cancer tissues of different Dukes stages,degree of differentiation,lymph node metastasis and infiltration depth were all significant.The expressions of miR-135b and miR-141 displayed a positive linear correlation.Conclusion The expressions of miR-135b,miR-141 in colorectal cancer are significantly increased,and the expressions display a remarkable correlation with the Dukes stages,degree of differentiation,lymph node metastasis and infiltration depth of tumor.The expressions of miR-135b and miR-141 demonstrate a positive correlation.

Objective To evaluate the value of volumetric modulated arc therapy(VMAT)in postoperative radiotherapy for cervical cancer.Methods Eighty four cases of cervical cancer patients were retrospectively analyzed after surgery.Thirty-nine patients received volumetric modulated arc therapy,while the other forty-five patients received three- dimensional conformal radiation therapy(3DCRT).The images were collected both before and after treatment.We recorded the setup errors including x(lift-right),y(ventral-dorsal),and z(anterior-posterior)axes in thirty-nine patients with cone beam CT(CBCT).These images were compared with correponding planning images to calculate the position errors.We also analyzed the radiation dosimetry parameters and adverse reactions.Results The setup errors before and after radiation therapy in x,y,and z axes were(1.07±0.91)cm,(0.76±1.07)cm,(0.74±0.81)cm and(0.11±0.04)cm,(0.11±0.09)cm,(0.08±0.20)cm,respectively.These data showed that the application of CBCT reduced the setup errors of treatment significantly.We analyzed the illuminated volume of bladder and rectum with dose volume histogram(DVH),and found there was no difference between VMAT and 3DCRT groups when 20Gy irradiation dose was adopted.When the irradiation dose increased to 30Gy and 40Gy,the corresponding illuminated volume of bladder and rectum in VMAT group were 69.45±1.13,41.78±2.8 and 75.66±3.34,30.12±9.59,respctively.In the 3DCRT group,the corresponding illuminated volume of bladder and rectum were 93.37±6.59,88.32±12.13 and 95.26±8.95,90.32±6.98,respectively.VMAT can obviously decrease the illuminated volume of bladder and rectum when compared to 3DCRT.Conclusion VMAT can not only decrease the setup errors to improve the accuracy of radiotherapy,but also reduce the reaction of normal tissues effectively in the cervical cancer patients who accepted postoperative radiotherapy.Therefore,the VMAT technology can improve both patients' treatment compliance and their quality of life.

Objective To improve the diagnosis and treatment of retroperitoneal liposarcoma.Methods We reported one case of huge retroperitoneal liposarcoma in our hospital.The clinical characteristics,diagnosis and treatment were discussed,and the literatures were reviewed.Results The patient received the left retroperitoneal tumor resection and partial resection of the left kidney after the imaging diagnosis.Postoperative pathological results indicated retroperitoneal liposarcoma.No tumor recurrence and metastasis ocurred in the follow-up of 20 months.Conclusion Retroperitoneal liposarcoma is rare,with no specific clinical manifestations.The application of CT is helpful to the diagnosis of this rare disease.Surgery is the preferred method for the treatment.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and surgical treatment of primary bone non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.Methods Recalling a case of primary bone non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patient data in Affiliated Maojian Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine.This patient was hospitalized because of pain in the right upper arm.By improving the relevant examination and diagnosis of right humeral bone tumors,We had successfully completed a bone tumor resection and graft as well as dual plate fixation.Results Pathological diagnosis after surgery showed the primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of bone,9 months follow-up after surgery,the treatment effecincy was good.There were no tumor recurrence and distant metastasis.Conclusion Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of bone is uncommon in clinical practice.If there is primary bone tumor with no obvious systemic symptoms in elderly patients,we should considered it as a possible diagnosis of primary bone non-Hodgkin's lymphoma,in order to reduce the possibility of misdiagnosis and mistreatment.Short-term effects of surgical treatment of this disease is excellent.

Malignant mesenchymoma is composed by two or more unrelated mesenchymal elements,it is rare in clinic.Both domestic and abroad have few case reports,it tends to occur in older people and the incidence of mesenchymoma is higher in males than in females.The malignant tumor in young female genital is more rare.Malignant mesenchymoma often appears in limbs,it is difficult to be diagnosed before surgical operation.It is confirmed by pathological examination.The degree of this malignant is higher and the recurrence rate is high.There is no specificity in clinic.The imaging characteristics are so less that it can not be taken seriously.We report a case of malignant mesenchymoma in vulva which is confirmed by pathology.

It has been demonstrated that astrocyte elevated gene 1(AEG-1)can promote tumor initiation and progression.Over expression of AEG-1 is correlated with tumor angiogenesis,metastasis and chemotherapy resistance of tumor cells of different origins.The present article is a review on the mechanism of AEG-1 mediated drug resistance.Studies have shown that AEG-1 participates in carcinogenesis through Ha-ras,myc,NF-κB and PI3K/Akt signalling pathways.AEG-1 can also promote autophagy through activating AMP Kinase.Other researchers demonstrate that AEG-1 promotes MDR1 protein translation by up-regulating MDR1 mRNA expression,and thus increases polyribosome.It is testified that AEG-1 can influence drug susceptibility and expression of MDR gene as a RNA binding protein.Multiple functions of AEG-1 in drug resistance in multiple cancers demonstrate that AEG-1 can be used as a novel target for antitumor drugs.

Notch signaling pathway is a highly conserved signaling pathway,and plays an important role in the individual growth and development process in the vertebrate.Many studies have demonstrated Notch3 receptor expression is aberrant in a variety of tumors.Recent studies show that aberrant Notch3 mediated signaling pathway is closely related with the progression of diverse types of tumors.Notch3 plays a vital role in apoptosis,proliferation and differentiation of tumor cells.To promote the studies of Notch3 as a drug development targets,the molecular mechanisms of abnormal Notch3 expression and its role on tumorgenesis,progression and treatment resistance are reviewed in this paper.

The pathogenesis of malignant lymphoma has been an important topic in tumor research,but it is still unclear.Recent clinical studies showed that the expression level of Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)was significantly high in mantle cell lymphoma tissue and a variety of lymphoma cell lines.At the same time,the TLR4 expression level was correlated with prognosis.The Role of TLR4 in malignant lymphoma for occurrence and development is reviewed in this article,which may elucidate the pathogenesis and provide a new basis for the therapy of lymphoma.

Image guided stereotactic body radiation therapy(SBRT)has emerged as a promising technology for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)increasingly,particularly for patients that are unable to tolerate or deny operation,with a trend to replace surgical resection.Abundant clinical research results have demonstrated that SBRT is safe to yield local control rate of more than 90% without excessive toxicity in early-stage NSCLC.In this review,we discuss the research progress on treating stage I NSCLC with SBRT.

As a carrier of anti-cancer drugs,peptides can modify and coat drugs.It shows good prospects in targeted drug delivery,drug sustained-releasing,drug enhancement of solubility,bioavailability.It can also reduce side effects of drug.The related studies become one of the hot points in the field of pharmaceutical research in recent years.In this paper,the types of peptide based drug delivery emerged in recent years are reviewed,the characteristics and advantages of various kinds of carrier systems are described in details.The present review provides a theoretical basis for the further application of peptide drug carries.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)is an acute severe disease with high morbidity and mortality.With the improvement of surgical technique,anesthetic technique and management in the intensive care unit(ICU),and the development of application of radiation therapy and chemotherapy,most of patients with thoracic malignant tumor do not die of primary disease,but of ARDS.Therefore,the prevention and therapy of ARDS become more and more significant.This article reviews the recent advances on ARDS,Which is complicated by thoracic malignant tumor surgery.

Tumor growth and migration are correlated with continuous neovascularization.Slit2-Robo1 signal pathway initially positioned in the nervous system plays an important role in the growth and neuronal axon guidance during migration.However,vascular system resembles the structural features and growth mechanism of neural system.Recent researches have shown that Slit2-Robo1 signaling pathway plays an important role in vascular system,especially in tumor vessel.And Slit2-Robo1 has been shown to play a role in brain metastasis in breast cancer and supporting tumor growth in melanoma.Therefore,the role of Slit2-Robo1 in tumor growth and migration depends on the cancer type.Currently,researches in this field show controversial results.And the status of Slit2-Robo1 signaling pathway in lung cancer is reviewed in this essay.

Triple negative breast cancer is a special subtype of breast cancer,including basal-like breast cancer and unclassified breast cancer.Since it was defined in 2005,the differences from other subtypes in biological characteristics and poor prognosis of TNBC have became priorities and hotspots which are researched by epidemiologists,pathologists and clinicians.According to the research,the risk factors of TNBC include race,obesity,age,women's reproductive process,oral contraceptive use,physical activity,abortion history,family history,socio-economic factors and so on.This review focuses on race,obesity,age,women's reproductive process,oral contraceptive use,according to the latest research results of risk factors of TNBC,helping healthy people get a better understanding of TNBC and preventing the incidence of TNBC,suggesting clinicians combine the biological characteristics and epidemiological features and further instructing people to take precautions.This paper also provides theoretical basis for researcher on the further investigaticans of the etiology of TNBC.